Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
Mattress Manufacturing
in the US
January 2014
Kerry Coughlin
17 International Trade
35 Revenue Volatility
Industry Definition
19 Business Locations
Main Activities
Similar Industries
21 Competitive Landscape
Additional Resources
37 Key Statistics
37 Industry Data
37 Annual Change
23 Basis of Competition
37 Key Ratios
3 Industry at a Glance
36 Industry Assistance
4 Industry Performance
24 Barriers to Entry
Executive Summary
25 Industry Globalization
Current Performance
27 Major Companies
Industry Outlook
27 Serta International
12 Supply Chain
12 Products & Services
33 Operating Conditions
14 Demand Determinants
33 Capital Intensity
14 Major Markets
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Main Activities
Similar Industries
Additional Resources
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Industry at a Glance
Mattress Manufacturing in 2014
Key Statistics
Snapshot
Revenue
Profit
Exports
Businesses
$7.6bn
1.5%
1.7%
$197.8m $134.6m 401
Per capita disposable income
Select Comfort
Corporation 12.4%
Simmons Bedding
Company 11.7%
Tempur Sealy
International Inc.
9.2%
% change
Serta International
19.2%
10
% change
Market Share
5
10
15
Year 06
2
4
08
10
Revenue
12
14
16
18
Year
20
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
Employment
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
p. 27
11.5%
Airbeds
0.5%
Futons and
waterbeds
Demand from
furniture stores
World price of steel
Value of residential
construction
63.0%
25.0%
Foam mattresses
Innerspring mattresses
p. 4
SOURCE:
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SOURCE:
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Industry Structure
Regulation Level
Medium
Revenue Volatility
Medium
Mature
Technology Change
Medium
Capital Intensity
Medium
Barriers to Entry
Medium
Industry Assistance
Low
Concentration Level
Medium
FOR ADDITIONAL STATISTICS AND TIME SERIES SEE THE APPENDIX ON PAGE 37
Industry Globalization
Competition Level
Low
Medium
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Industry Performance
A
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Industry Performance
230
210
Index
% change
170
4
6
Year
190
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
150
Year 05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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Industry Performance
Rebounding demand
Industry revenue
10
5
% change
Current
Performance
0
5
10
15
Year 06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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Industry Performance
Costs, consolidation
and profit
Technology creates
an edge
Prices
of inputs like
oil and steel have been
highly volatile, hurting
industry profit
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Industry Performance
Industry
Outlook
Demand to firm up
Rising
disposable incomes
will drive demand for highend items
International trade will continue its
upward trend as it did in the five years to
2014. Imports are expected to increase at
an annualized rate of 12.5% to $764.7
million. China is expected to continue to
hold as the top exporter to the US with
over 55.0% of imports. Manufacturers
have and will continue to move
production to lower cost countries where
they can increase profit margins by
reducing costs. Mattresses exported by
US manufacturers are expected to
increase at an average annual rate of 1.6%
to $146.0 million in 2019.
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Industry Performance
Industry
consolidation
Production
efficiency will
allow operators to offset
rising input costs
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Industry Performance
The industry is expected to perform in
line with the overall US economy
20
Maturity
Quality Growth
Company
consolidation;
level of economic
importance stable
15
10
Quantity Growth
Mattress
Manufacturing
Textile Mills
Decline
-5
Shrinking economic
importance
-10
-10
-5
10
15
20
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Industry Performance
industry
is M
ature
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Supply Chain
45291
45299
62211
Hospitals in the US
Healthcare facilities demand mattresses for patients.
72111
31310
32221
32611
32615
33251
33261
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11.5%
Airbeds
0.5%
Futons and
waterbeds
25.0%
Foam mattresses
Total $7.6bn
continues to comprise the majority of
industry unit sales because of these
mattresses lower average selling prices.
Foam mattresses
Foam mattresses are the second most
popular mattress type. Over the five years
to 2014, IBISWorld estimates that foam
mattresses grew from about 20.0% of
industry revenue in 2009 to about 25.0%
in 2014 due to their higher average selling
prices and quality along with increased
demand from consumers. They can be
made of a solid core or from several layers
of different types of foam laminated
together. Advanced technology in
polyurethane foams, refinements to
traditional latex and the new viscoelastic
(memory) foams have added to the
comfort, support and overall performance
of these types of mattresses. Tempur Sealy
is the leading manufacturer that caters to
this market segment. Foam mattresses
have become more popular in the past five
years as consumers have grown more
aware of the importance of sleep for
health and the improved body support
these mattresses offer. This segment is
projected to continue to expand as a share
of industry revenue from 2014 to 2019 as
consumers become more willing to spend
on these higher priced mattresses.
63.0%
Innerspring mattresses
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
Airbeds
Airbeds are mattress manufacturers
third largest revenue generator,
accounting for about 11.5% of industry
revenue. Airbeds are now designed to
look like the familiar mattress and
box-spring combination, with an airfilled core providing the support instead
of an innerspring unit or foam core.
These designs come in a range of
firmnesses and are typically adjustable to
suit individual sleepers needs. Select
Comfort is the leading manufacturer of
mattresses in this market segment. Over
the five years to 2014, IBISWorld
estimates that airbeds share of industry
revenue has increased at the expense of
traditional innerspring mattresses.
Other products
The smallest product segments are
futons and waterbeds, which together
account for about 0.5% of industry
revenue. Most waterbeds are now
designed to look like a familiar
innerspring mattress, with a water-filled
core providing support. Quality
construction is especially critical when
water is involved; the vinyl and seaming
need to be designed for maximum
durability. Futons, which are designed
to support sitting as well as sleeping, are
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Demand
Determinants
Major Markets
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Major Markets
continued
6.1%
1.6%
Accommodation Exports
sector
2.2%
Healthcare sector
30.6%
14.9%
Other
16.8%
General retailers
Total $7.6bn
consumers are generated through
vertically integrated wholesaling and
retail operations, respectively. The
primary reason for this structure is the
industrys short lead time between a
mattresss purchase, production and
delivery. This model reduces costs
associated with inventory, and vertically
integrated suppliers are the most
effective at implementing it.
Over the five years to 2014,
nontraditional retail channels such as
wholesale warehouse clubs and direct
sales to consumers online have grown as
a share of industry sales. IBISWorld
expects these channels to continue to
grow in importance as a source of
industry revenue over the next five years.
Specialty bedding stores
Bedding stores specialize in retailing
mattresses and complementary bedding
products such as pillows and sheets.
IBISWorld estimates this segment
accounts for about 30.6% of industry
sales. Through bulk purchasing
mattresses from industry firms, hiring
skilled staff and maintaining extensive
advertising campaigns, specialty bedding
stores have drawn significant sales from
traditional furniture stores in the past
27.8%
Furniture stores
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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Major Markets
continued
Accommodation sector
Sales of mattresses to customers in the
accommodation sector account for about
6.1% of industry revenue. Customers in
this category include a wide range of
hotels, motels and other hospitality firms.
Hotels usually buy both high-end and
mid-range mattresses, while motels
purchase lower end mattresses. Over the
five years to 2014, this market segment
has remained fairly flat as a share of
industry sales. Hotels and motels delayed
and scaled back purchases of mattresses
and delayed construction of new
properties due to the recession and its
lingering negative effects on domestic
travel and tourism spending. However,
this categorys spending began recovering
in 2010 from its recessionary drop, and
has since reached its prerecessionary level.
Healthcare sector
IBISWorld estimates that sales of
mattresses to firms in the healthcare
sector account for about 2.2% of
industry revenue. Customers in this
channel include hospital bed
manufacturers, hospitals, nursing
homes, healthcare professionals and
medical supply retailers. Over the five
years to 2014, IBISWorld estimates that
this segment has slowly grown as a share
of revenue due to increased healthcare
utilization. Healthcare demand
remained solid over the past five years,
even during the recession due to the
essential nature of healthcare services.
Also, medical technology has enabled
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in the
industry are
Mediumand
Increasing
Exports To...
$ million
International Trade
400
800
1200
Year 06
Exports
12
Imports
14
16
18
20
Balance
Imports From...
6%
Mexico
10
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
Canada
5%
08
2%
Belgium
8%
Other
4% 3%
China Japan
57%
20%
Other
67%
China
28%
Mexico
Canada
Year: 2014
Total $134.6m
Total $424.8m
SOURCE: USITC
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International Trade
continued
Imports
Imports of mattresses have increased at
an annualized rate of 14.3% during the five
years to 2014. They have satisfied a
growing share of domestic demand during
this period; in 2009, imports represented
3.0% of domestic demand, and they
represent 5.4% in 2014. Imports have
been aided by the dollars slight
appreciation during the five years to 2014.
Mattress manufacturers have made
significant advances in automating
machinery in an attempt to reduce the
competitive advantage of low labor cost
countries such as China. However, China
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West
New
England
AK
0.0
Great
Lakes
WA
ND
MT
2.1
Rocky
Mountains
ID
OR
1.5
West NV
1.5
1.9
SD
0.0
WY
0.4
MN
0.4
0.2
Plains
CO
1.5
KY
1.1
OK
1.3
NC
5.3
TN
AZ
NM
3.0
0.6
Southwest
TX
7.2
HI
0.4
2 NH
3 MA
4 RI
5 CT
6 NJ
7 DE
8 MD
0.0
1.1
0.4
2.7
1.9
0.2
SC
Southeast
0.8
MS
AL
2.5
1.5
GA
3.8
1.3
LA
0.2
FL
6.1
Establishments (%)
0.0
0.8
AR
0.6
1.9
16.9
WV VA
1.9
0.8
1.3
CA
West
3.2
MO
KS
1.5
OH
1.9
3.6
3.8
IN
IL
0.6
UT
PA
2.3
1.3
0.0
1 2
3
NY
4.2
5 4
MI
2.5
IA
NE
0.0
WI
ME
MidAtlantic
9 DC
0.0
Less than 3%
3% to less than 10%
10% to less than 20%
20% or more
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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20
10
Southwest
Southeast
Rocky Mountains
Plains
New England
Mid-Atlantic
Great Lakes
0
West
Business Locations
Establishments
Population
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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21
Competitive Landscape
industry is M
edium
identifies
250 Key Success
Factors for a
business. The most
important for this
industry are:
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22
Competitive Landscape
Cost Structure
Benchmarks
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23
Competitive Landscape
Cost Structure
Benchmarks
continued
Industry Costs
(2014)
2.6
8.7
6.9
10.4
Profit
Wages
Purchases
Depreciation
Marketing
Rent & Utilities
Other
Percentage of revenue
80
47.4
60
58.6
1.1
40
20
2.6
2.8
1.4
2.6
1.7
35.9
17.3
0
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
Basis of Competition
Level & Trend
ompetition
C
in
this industry is
Mediumand the
trend is S
teady
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24
Competitive Landscape
Basis of Competition
continued
Barriers to Entry
Level & Trend
arriers to Entry
B
External competition
The Mattress Manufacturing industry
has little external competition from
domestic industries. Consumers can
choose to sleep on air mattresses (which
are not included in the industry), sofas
or in sleeping bags, but these choices are
usually made for short term periods.
Competition is steeper from abroad,
however. Imported mattresses are
gaining ground and have grown from
satisfying 3.0% of domestic demand in
2009 to 5.4% in 2014. Imports from
countries with low wage costs such as
China and Mexico are behind most of
this growth, and these countries
mattresses represent an increasing
threat to industry firms.
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25
Competitive Landscape
in
this industry is
Lowand the trend
is I ncreasing
International trade is a
major determinant of
an industrys level of
globalization.
Exports offer growth
opportunities for firms.
However there are legal,
economic and political risks
associated with dealing in
foreign countries.
Import competition can
bring a greater risk for
companies as foreign
producers satisfy domestic
demand that local firms
would otherwise supply.
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
Global
150
100
50
Mattress Manufacturing
Import
40
Medium
Medium
Mature
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Export
0 Local
0
Level
Competition
Concentration
Life Cycle Stage
Capital Intensity
Technology Change
Regulation & Policy
Industry Assistance
200 Export
Exports/Revenue
Industry
Globalization
complicated by pre-existing
arrangements between established
operators and suppliers and
distributors; these arrangements cover
raw materials such as springs, foam and
textiles and license agreements with
retailers. If contractual arrangements
specify exclusivity with established
firms, startups are cut out of
relationships with these suppliers,
wholesalers or retailers automatically.
Exports/Revenue
Barriers to Entry
continued
80
120
Imports/Domestic Demand
160
Global
150
100
50
2000
0 Local 2014
0
40
Import
80
120
160
Imports/Domestic Demand
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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26
Competitive Landscape
Industry
Globalization
continued
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Major Companies
Major players
(Market share)
47.5%
Other
Player Performance
Serta International
Market share: 19.2%
Industry Brand Names
Serta
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
Revenue
($ million)
(% change)
Net Income
($ million)
(% change)
2009
915.0
-6.4
-16.5
-30.9
2010
985.0
7.7
19.7
N/C
2011
1,163.0
18.1
41.9
112.7
2012
1,237.7
6.4
4.95
-88.2
2013
1,370.4
10.7
61.7
1,146.5
2014
1,463.6
6.8
38.4
-37.8
*Estimates
SOURCE: IBISWORLD
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Major Companies
Player Performance
continued
Player Performance
Select Comfort
Corporation
Market share: 12.4%
Industry Brand Names
Sleep Number
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Major Companies
Player Performance
continued
Revenue
($ million)
(% change)
Net Income
($ million)
(% change)
2009
489.8
2010
545.1
-10.6
32.0
129.8
11.3
28.4
-11.3
2011
2012
668.9
22.7
54.4
91.5
841.5
25.8
70.3
29.2
2013
874.8
4.0
63.1
-10.2
2014
945.0
8.0
78.7
24.7
*Estimates
SOURCE: ANNUAL REPORT AND IBISWORLD
Player Performance
Simmons Bedding
Company
Market share: 11.7%
Industry Brand Names
Beautyrest
Beautyrest Black
Nuflex Foundation
ComforPedic
BeautySleep
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Major Companies
Player Performance
continued
Financial performance
Since the companys bankruptcy in
November 2009, financial information
for Simmons Bedding Company has not
been made publicly available. Over the
five years to 2014, IBISWorld estimates
Simmons US-specific revenue has
contracted at an annualized rate of 0.8%
due to steep revenue declines of 19.9%
Revenue
($ million)
(% change)
Net Income
($ million)
(% change)
2009
858.0
N/C
-15.4
-343.2
2010
813.8
-5.2
16.3
N/C
2011
824.5
1.3
29.7
82.2
2012
847.6
2.8
3.4
-88.6
2013
870.0
2.6
39.2
1,052.9
2014
891.8
2.5
23.4
-40.3
*Estimates
SOURCE: IBISWORLD
Player Performance
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Major Companies
Player Performance
continued
Tempur Sealy
International Inc.
Market share: 9.2%
Industry Brand Names
Tempur
Tempur-Pedic
Sealy
Posturepedic
Optimum
Stearns & Foster
Financial performance
IBISWorld estimates that over the five
years to 2014, Tempur-Pedics US
industry-specific revenue has grown at
an annualized rate of 15.9% to $703.7
million. The company has benefited from
its leading position in the high-end foam
mattress segment, which was the fastest
growing market over the past five years
in terms of unit sales and dollar volumes.
Despite its favorable market position, its
higher priced products saw significant
declines in demand during the recession.
With limited financing and low consumer
confidence during the recession, US
consumers were less willing to purchase
high-end mattresses and opted for
cheaper standard mattresses. As a result,
domestic revenue declined an estimated
11.0% in 2009, respectively. Revenue
quickly rebounded in 2010 with
improved consumer sentiment, which
was particularly beneficial to Tempur
Sealy; many consumers had grown more
willing to pay for high-quality mattresses
with better body support as a result of
increasing health consciousness. In
2014, IBISWorld anticipates the
companys growth will continue and be
boosted by the Sealy acquisition with
revenue of $703.7 million.
Revenue
($ million)
2009
336.9
N/C
85.0
N/C
2010
539.2
60.0
157.2
84.9
2011
693.4
28.6
219.6
39.7
2012
666.6
-3.9
106.8
-51.4
2013
679.9
2.0
138.2
29.4
2014*
703.7
3.5
173.7
25.7
(% change)
Net Income
($ million)
(% change)
*Estimates
SOURCE: ANNUAL REPORT AND IBISWORLD
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Major Companies
Other Companies
King Koil
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Operating Conditions
of capital
intensity is M
edium
Capital intensity
Economy
Manufacturing
Mattress
Manufacturing
Information, Communications,
Mining, Finance and Real
Estate. To increase revenue
firms need superior debt
management, a stable
macroeconomic environment
and a sound investment plan.
Mattress Manufacturing
Capital Intensive
Labor Intensive
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Operating Conditions
Capital Intensity
continued
Technology
& Systems
Product technology
Technological change and development
within the industry is considered
moderate. Many firms invest heavily in
research and development of new
products such as coil development, foam
technology and adjustable electronic
mattresses. These investments are
common at the premium end of the
market. Recent developments in the
industry include the increasing use of
synthetic products such as viscoelastic
foam (also known as memory foam, which
was first developed by NASA),
polyurethane foam and latex foam. In
addition, mattresses with built-in fans
help prevent the re-breathing of carbon
dioxide. This technology was developed
specifically for the crib-mattress product
line. These fans include a replaceable filter
designed to alleviate asthma and allergies
through the removal of airborne particles.
The mattress itself also focuses on airflow,
with an air-permeable structure built in to
the mattress; this keeps the baby at a
comfortable temperature and also keeps
bacteria from growing inside the mattress.
Additionally, mattress manufacturers
have added features that promote
mattress cleanliness.
Another technological innovation is
that of adjustable mattresses that the
customer has control over. The Sleep
Number line by Select Comfort. The
customer can control the temperature,
angle of both the top half and bottom
Level
The level
of
Technology Change
is M
edium
Production technology
Recent developments in assembly
technologies and sourcing have helped
maximize production efficiency. For
example, some companies manufacture
conventional bedding to order and have
adopted just-in-time inventory
techniques. These techniques optimize
manufacturers sourcing and storage
processes to keep the costs associated with
inventory low. As a result, bedding orders
can be scheduled, produced and shipped
within five days of receipt. Rapid delivery
capability allows a company to minimize
its inventory of finished products and
better satisfy customer demand with
prompt shipments. Companies in the
industry have also implemented a
warehouse management system. This
system provides network-wide scan, bar
code and electronic processing capabilities
for receipt, movement and shipment
transactions for all distribution center
activities. This setup allows regional
centers to juggle demand from high
volume retail customers and second tier
distribution centers. Some players have
retail, direct marketing, customer service
and e-commerce applications interfaced
together to provide a fully integrated view
of their customers and their activities
across sales channels.
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Operating Conditions
Level
The level
of
Volatility is M
edium
Volatility vs Growth
1000
Revenue Volatility
Hazardous
Rollercoaster
100
10
Mattress Manufacturing
1
0.1
Stagnant
30
10
Blue Chip
10
30
50
70
Regulation is
Mediumand the
trend is S
teady
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Operating Conditions
Industry Assistance
Industry Assistance
is L owand the
trend is S
teady
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Key Statistics
Industry Data
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Sector Rank
Economy Rank
Revenue
($m)
8,041.3
8,548.7
8,442.3
7,460.6
7,074.7
6,846.7
7,371.4
7,440.1
7,485.8
7,607.6
7,852.1
7,990.6
8,058.8
8,188.5
8,270.4
155/402
666/1308
Annual Change
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Sector Rank
Economy Rank
Revenue
(%)
6.3
-1.2
-11.6
-5.2
-3.2
7.7
0.9
0.6
1.6
3.2
1.8
0.9
1.6
1.0
283/402
990/1308
Key Ratios
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Sector Rank
Economy Rank
IVA/Revenue
(%)
18.27
15.86
14.74
14.71
10.72
14.93
7.50
11.08
14.74
12.43
12.05
11.85
11.49
11.75
11.30
382/402
1215/1308
Industry
Value Added
($m)
1,469.2
1,355.4
1,244.4
1,097.1
758.1
1,022.5
552.9
824.0
1,103.5
945.7
946.3
946.9
925.6
961.8
934.2
216/402
907/1308
Establishments
567
562
554
536
495
473
466
457
451
441
432
421
412
407
402
151/402
939/1307
Industry
Value Added
(%)
-7.7
-8.2
-11.8
-30.9
34.9
-45.9
49.0
33.9
-14.3
0.1
0.1
-2.2
3.9
-2.9
394/402
1291/1308
Establishments
(%)
-0.9
-1.4
-3.2
-7.6
-4.4
-1.5
-1.9
-1.3
-2.2
-2.0
-2.5
-2.1
-1.2
-1.2
354/402
1209/1307
Imports/
Demand
(%)
2.72
3.23
2.78
3.19
3.03
4.45
4.55
5.65
5.77
5.38
6.07
6.25
7.25
7.94
8.60
317/372
349/429
Enterprises Employment
466
22,770
462
21,383
456
19,018
441
18,766
410
18,444
398
18,766
403
18,565
402
18,128
402
17,878
401
17,390
400
17,241
398
17,061
396
16,908
398
16,811
399
16,625
145/402
156/402
896/1307
793/1308
Exports
($m)
118.9
128.0
131.4
150.8
119.9
127.4
139.1
139.0
140.7
134.6
141.0
139.1
140.2
145.8
146.0
286/372
329/429
Imports
($m)
221.1
280.8
237.7
241.0
217.5
312.9
345.1
437.0
449.4
424.8
498.0
523.6
618.7
693.8
764.7
236/372
269/430
Wages
($m)
1,035.0
902.3
822.3
798.6
786.4
782.9
762.0
727.3
699.2
660.4
651.9
643.2
635.5
629.3
620.6
183/402
836/1308
Domestic
Demand
8,143.5
8,701.5
8,548.6
7,550.8
7,172.3
7,032.2
7,577.4
7,738.1
7,794.5
7,897.8
8,209.1
8,375.1
8,537.3
8,736.5
8,889.1
155/372
185/429
World price
of steel
($)
159.7
174.2
182.9
220.6
165.2
191.7
216.2
208.0
197.7
192.3
196.8
200.6
205.6
214.8
220.9
N/A
N/A
Enterprises Employment
(%)
(%)
-0.9
-6.1
-1.3
-11.1
-3.3
-1.3
-7.0
-1.7
-2.9
1.7
1.3
-1.1
-0.2
-2.4
0.0
-1.4
-0.2
-2.7
-0.2
-0.9
-0.5
-1.0
-0.5
-0.9
0.5
-0.6
0.3
-1.1
252/402
358/402
919/1307
1232/1308
Exports
(%)
7.7
2.7
14.8
-20.5
6.3
9.2
-0.1
1.2
-4.3
4.8
-1.3
0.8
4.0
0.1
356/372
411/429
Imports
(%)
27.0
-15.3
1.4
-9.8
43.9
10.3
26.6
2.8
-5.5
17.2
5.1
18.2
12.1
10.2
354/372
410/430
Wages
(%)
-12.8
-8.9
-2.9
-1.5
-0.4
-2.7
-4.6
-3.9
-5.5
-1.3
-1.3
-1.2
-1.0
-1.4
385/402
1284/1308
Domestic
Demand
(%)
6.9
-1.8
-11.7
-5.0
-2.0
7.8
2.1
0.7
1.3
3.9
2.0
1.9
2.3
1.7
266/372
303/429
World price
of steel
(%)
9.1
5.0
20.6
-25.1
16.0
12.8
-3.8
-5.0
-2.7
2.3
1.9
2.5
4.5
2.8
N/A
N/A
Exports/
Revenue
(%)
1.48
1.50
1.56
2.02
1.69
1.86
1.89
1.87
1.88
1.77
1.80
1.74
1.74
1.78
1.77
352/372
398/429
Revenue per
Employee
($000)
353.15
399.79
443.91
397.56
383.58
364.85
397.06
410.42
418.72
437.47
455.43
468.35
476.63
487.09
497.47
176/402
398/1308
Wages/Revenue
(%)
12.87
10.55
9.74
10.70
11.12
11.43
10.34
9.78
9.34
8.68
8.30
8.05
7.89
7.69
7.50
316/402
1073/1308
Employees
per Est.
40.16
38.05
34.33
35.01
37.26
39.67
39.84
39.67
39.64
39.43
39.91
40.52
41.04
41.30
41.36
214/402
309/1307
Average Wage
($)
45,454.55
42,197.07
43,237.99
42,555.69
42,637.17
41,719.07
41,044.98
40,120.26
39,109.52
37,975.85
37,811.03
37,700.02
37,585.76
37,433.82
37,329.32
351/402
896/1308
Share of the
Economy
(%)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
216/402
907/1308
SOURCE: WWW.IBISWORLD.COM
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