KFU DAMMAM

COLLEGE OF MEDCINE

PHARMACOLOGY SUMMARY & REVIEW

Dr. Abdulaziz Al-Khawaja
Dr. Mohammed Akram
Dr. N. B. Biswas

Done by: Ahmed Ali Al-Ghareeb

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P H R M A C O L O G Y - NOTE 1 - Treatment of Asthma

Drugs for Asthma

Anti-inflammatory
(glucorticosteroids)

Bronchodilators

2-adrenergic
agonist

Methylxanthines

Salbutamole

Theophylline

Terbutaline

Aminophylline

Anti-muscarinic

Beclomethasone

Ipratropium

Hydrocortisone

Anti-leukotrienes

LT synthesis
inhibitor

Clinical features of bronchial

asthma.

leading to bronchodema

LT receptor
antagonist

Zileuton

Mucosal
inflammation

Bronchoconstriction

Sodium
Cromoglycate

Montelukast

Prednisolone

Salmaterol

Contraction of airway smooth muscle.

leading to acute dyspnea & airway
obstruction.
Mucus hypersecretion.
leading to mucus pulgging.
Airway inflamation.

Mast cell stabilizers

Mucosal
edema

Role of
Leukotrines
in asthma

Mucus
secretion

Uses of bronchodilator
for acute
bronchospasm

during acute
phase of
asthma attack

for quick
reduce airway
constriction

P H R M A C O L O G Y - NOTE 1 - Treatment of Asthma

Bronchodilaters
PHARMACOKINETIC

2 adrenergi
c agonist

DRUG
Salbutamole
Terbutaline
Salmaterol

Methylxanthines

Theophylline

Antimusc
rinic

Aminophylline

Ipratropium

Fast onest.
Short duration.

Given inhaler or Nebulizer.

Less side effect.
Given orally, S.C, IV or IM.
Slow onest.
Large dose.
Long duration.
More side effect.
Has narrow theraputic index.
Given orally.
Cause GI irritant.

Water mixture of Theophylline + Ethylenediamine.

Given orally, rectally (suppositories) or injection.

It is poorly absobed from the GIT.

So,it given by inhalation.
Slower onest & longer duration than salbutamol.

USES

Used for long term therapy.

Inhibit PDEI.
Leading to cAMP.
++
Ca influx
Bronchodilatation
1) CNS stimulation.
2) Cardiac muscle stimulation.
3) Diuresis.
4) S.M. relaxtion of bronchial & uterus.
5) Periphral & cornory vasodilatation.
6) Cerebral vasoconstriction.
Blocking M receptor in bronchial
smooth muscle.
Bronchodilatation

Given by inhalation, orally or IV.

GIT: nausea, vomiting .

CNS: stimulation insomnia,
irritabillity & headach.
CVS: BP, arrhythmia.
Kidney: diuresis.

Anti-Leukotrienes
PHARMACOKINETIC

Zileuton

Montelukast

USES

1) Reduce mucosal edema.

2) Sensitize 2-agonist.
3) Reduce inflammatory cell activation

Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone

DRUG

SIDE EFFECT
Tremor.
Vascular headache.

Used for acute attack.

Anti-inflammatory(Glucorticosteroid)
PHARMACOKINETIC
ACTION

DRUG
Beclomethasone

ACTION
Bind to -receptor & stimulate
adenylcyclase.
Leading to cAMP.
Bronchodilatation.

Mast Cell Stabilizers

PHARMACOKINETIC

SIDE EFFECT
If taken by inhalation,
Dysphonia (hoarseness).
Oral candidiasis (fungal
infection).

ACTION
1) Inhibit lipoxygenase enzyme.
2) Reduce conversion of AA to LT.

So, it is
Broncodilater.
Anti-inflammatory.
1) Blocking LT receptors.
2) Inhibit bronchoconstriction caused by LT

Dry mouth.

USES

SIDE EFFECT

To prevent asthma caused by

Aspirin.
NASID.

To prevent asthma caused by

NASID & Exercise.

Prophylaxis aginst asthma

attack.

DRUG
Na Cromoglycate

Given by inhalation.

Ketotifen

Given orally.

ACTION

Reduce the mediators that release

from mast cell in response to allergen
that cause bronchoconstriction.

USES

SIDE EFFECT

Cough.
Wheeze.