Solutions To : Tutorial 2

Q1

(a)
y

5 mm

40 mm
For the straight strip of the above dimensions,
3
1
1
1
I z bh 3
40 10 3 5 10 3 m 4
5 10 9 m 4
12
12
12
9
E 210 GPa 210 10 Pa

Now, recall that M xz

Since R 2.5 m ,

M
EI z
M
E
, xx y xz y y
R
I
R
Iz

210 10 Pa 121 5 10 m
9

M xz

EI z

2.5 m

E
R

35.0 Nm

xx y
xx max

210 10 Pa 2.5 10

2.5 m

210 10

Pa 210 MPa

(b)

If the stress is not to exceed 300 MPa,

E
xx max y 300 10 6 Pa
R

210 109 Pa
2.5 10 3 m 300 10 6 Pa

R

210 10 Pa 2.5 10
R
9

300 10 6 Pa

1.75 m

Hence, the smallest diameter the cask can have if the stress is not to exceed
300 MPa is 3.5 m.
(c)

If the material of the strip is brass instead of steel, then

100 10 Pa 121 5 10 m
9

M xz

EI z

2.5 m

E
R

16.67 Nm

xx y
xx max
(d)

100 10 Pa 2.5 10

2.5 m

100 10

Pa 100 MPa

If the hoop is split at a point by sawing through it, what will its final
shape be?
Straight (elastic unloading).

Solutions To : Tutorial 2

0.3 m

0.8 m

Q2

0.3 m
d = 20 mm
D = 30 mm

Iz

D
64

d4

30 10
64

20 10

3 4

3 4

6.5 10 m
64

Since the weight of the national service man is 60 9.81 N , the loading on
the tubular aluminium bar is:

0.3 m

0.8 m

0.3 m

Using singularity functions,

1
q x 294.3 x 294.3 x 0.3
Fxy x 294.3 x

1
0

294.3 x 1.1

294.3 x 1.4

294.3 x 0.3 294.3 x 1.1 294.3 x 1.4

M xz x 294.3 x 294.3 x 0.3 294.3 x 1.1 294.3 x 1.4

1

Since M xz x 294.3 x 294.3 x 0.3 294.3 x 1.1 294.3 x 1.4

1

Hence, we have
0.0 m x 0.3 m
294.3x Nm

M xz x 294.3x 294.3 x 0.3 Nm

0.3 m x 1.1m
294.3x 294.3 x 0.3 294.3 x 1.1 Nm 1.1m x 1.4 m

0.0 m x 0.3 m
294.3x Nm

294.30.3 Nm
0.3 m x 1.1m
294.31.4 x Nm 1.1m x 1.4 m

0.0 m x 0.3 m
294.3x Nm

88.29 Nm
0.3 m x 1.1m
294.31.4 x Nm 1.1m x 1.4 m

The bending moment diagram:

Mxz
88.29Nm

x
0.0

(a)

0.3

1.1

1.4

M xz max D
M

Now, recall that xx xz y , thus xx max
Iz
Iz
2

30 10 3 m
88.29 Nm

41.506 10 6 Pa 41.5 MPa

xx max

6.5 10 7 m 4

64

Hence the maximum stress induced in the bar is 41.5 MPa.

To calculate the maximum shear stress:

Shear force,
Shear stress,

We have:

(
(

)
)

Hence,

(b)

The portion of the bar between his hands will deflect into a circular
shape (because bending moment is constant).

(c)

If the National Serviceman releases one arm and continues to do

single-arm chin-ups, the loading on the tubular bar becomes:
1.1 m

R1 = 126.1 N

0.3 m

R2 = 462.5 N

Taking moments,
R1 1.4 60 9.810.3 0

R2 1.4 60 9.811.1 0

0.3

588.6 N 126.1 N
R

1.4

1.1
R2
588.6 N 462.5 N
1.4

Using singularity functions,

1
1
q x 126.1 x 588.6 x 1.1 462.5 x 1.4
Fxy x 126.1 x

588.6 x 1.1 462.5 x 1.4

M xz x 126.1 x 588.6 x 1.1 462.5 x 1.4

1

0
1

Since M xz x 126.1 x 588.6 x 1.1 462.5 x 1.4

1

Hence, we have
0.0 m x 1.1m
126.1x Nm
M xz x
126.1x 588.6 x 1.1 Nm 1.1m x 1.4 m
0.0 m x 1.1m
126.1x Nm

647.46 462.5 x Nm 1.1m x 1.4 m

The bending moment diagram:

Mxz
138.71Nm

x
0.0

1.1

1.4

 M xz max D
M

Now, recall that xx xz y , thus xx max
Iz
Iz
2

138.71 Nm
30 10 3 m

65.210 10 6 Pa 65.2 MPa

xx max

2
6.5 10 7 m 4

64

Hence the maximum stress induced in the bar is increased to 65.2

65.2 41.5
MPa. (An increment of
100% 57.1% .)
41.5
To calculate the maximum shear stress:
Shear force (obtained from vertical equilibrium),
Hence,

Maximum shear stress increases by 57% to 2.27 N/mm2

Solutions To : Tutorial 2

Q3

Since beam AC is simply-supported, and

is loaded by a concentrated bending
moment of 50 kNm at B, we have:

200
50

50 kNm

A
125

75

C
B

75
2000 mm

1000 mm

50 kNm
A

C
B

2.0 m

1.0 m

R1

R2

Taking moments,
R1 3.0 50 103 0

3
R2 3.0 50 10 0

50 103
50
N kN
R1
3
3

3
50

10
50
R
N kN
2
3
3

50 kNm
A

C
B

2.0 m

1.0 m

Using singularity functions,

50
50
1
2
1
q x 103 x 50 103 x 2 103 x 3
3
3
50
50
0
1
0
Fxy x 103 x 50 103 x 2 103 x 3
3
3
50
50
1
0
1
M xz x 103 x 50 103 x 2 103 x 3
3
3
Since M xz x

50
1
103 x 50 103 x 2
3

50
1
103 x 3
3

Hence, we have
50
3
0.0 m x 2.0 m
3 10 x Nm
M xz x
50
103 x 50 103 Nm 2.0 m x 3.0 m
3

The bending moment diagram:

50 kNm
A

C
B

2.0 m

1.0 m

Mxz
kNm
x
0.0

kNm

2.0

3.0

200

To determine the values and

locations of the maximum

50

tensile and compressive stresses

75

75

125

in the beam, we need to first

locate the position of the
centroid y of the given cross-

section.

200
50

A1 50 125 mm 2 6250 mm 2

A2

A2 200 50 mm 2 10000 mm 2

125

75

A1

75

A1 A2 16250 mm 2

To determine y , we have
125

A1 50
A2 25 A1 A2 y
2

A 112.5 A2 25
y 1
A1 A2

6250 112.5 10000 25

16250

58.65384615 mm
58.7 mm

58.7
z

2
1

125
1

3
3
2
I z 50 125 50 125 50
58.7 200 50 200 50 58.7 25 mm 4
2

12
12

1
1
3
2
3
2
50 125 50 12553.8 200 50 200 50 33.7 mm 4
12
12

25000000
97656250

18090250
11356900 mm 4
12
12

39668504.17 mm 4 39.7 10 6 mm 4 39.7 10 6 10 12 m 4

39.7 10 6 m 4

Consider the beam to the left of B (where the bending moment is negative)

Hence, evidently the top fibres are in tension

and the bottom fibres are in compression.
ve bending moment
M
Using xx xz y
Iz
100
M xz max
kNm
3

100

103 Nm

3
y 839630562.5 Nm 3 y
xx
6
4
39.7 10 m
I z 39.7 10 6 m 4

For the top fibre, y 58.7 mm 0.0587 m ,

 xx 839630562.5 Nm 3 0.0587 m 49286314.02 Nm 2

49.3 MPa tensile

For the bottom fibre, y 116.3 mm 0.1163 m ,

xx 839630562.5 Nm 3 0.1163 m 97649034.42 Nm 2

97.6 MPa compressive

Consider the beam to the right of B (where the bending moment is positive)

Hence, evidently the top fibres are in

compression and the bottom fibres are in tension.
+ve bending moment
M
Using xx xz y
Iz
50
M xz max kNm
3

50

103 Nm

3
y 419815281.3 Nm 3 y
xx
6
4
39.7 10 m
I z 39.7 10 6 m 4

For the top fibre, y 58.7 mm 0.0587 m ,

xx 419815281.3 Nm 3 0.0587 m 24643157.01 Nm 2

24.6 MPa compressive

For the bottom fibre, y 116.3 mm 0.1163 m ,

xx 419815281.3 Nm 3 0.1163 m 48824517.22 Nm 2

48.8 MPa tensile

Hence, the maximum tensile stress is 49.3 MPa at the top fibre left of B and
the maximum compressive stress is 97.0 MPa at the bottom fibre left of B.
Alternatively, depending on accuracy, your answer may be:
Maximum tensile stress is 49 MPa at the top fibre left of B or at the bottom
fibre right of B.

To calculate the maximum shear stress:

Shear force,
We have:

Shear stress,

Solutions To : Tutorial 2

1m

1m

Q4

1m

0.050

1m
0.125
0.075

X
A

0.075

0.050
E

X
From symmetry, it is evident
P
that R1 R 2
2
Due to symmetry, we only
need to perform analysis of
A

the stress at points B and C.

We can discard point A since
it is a free end and the bending
moment M xz is zero ( stress

R1 =

R2 =

Bending moments:
P
P
At B, M xz 1 Nm
10
10
P
P
3P
Nm
At C, M xz 2 1
10
2
10

due to bending is zero at A).

To determine the values and

0.050

locations of the maximum tensile and

compressive stresses in the beam, we
need to first locate the position of the

A1

0.125
0.075

0.075

centroid y of the given crosssection.

0.050

A1 0.050 0.125 m 2 0.00625 m 2

A2

A2 0.200 0.050 m 2 0.010 m 2

A1 A2 0.01625 m 2

To determine y , we have
0.125

A1 0.050
A2 0.025 A1 A2 y
2

A 0.1125 A2 0.025
y 1
A1 A2

0.006250.1125 0.0100.025
0.01625

0.05865384615 m
0.0587 m

z
0.0587

2
1
0.125

3
0.0587
0.050 0.125 0.050 0.125 0.050
12
2

m4
Iz

1
3
2

0
.
200
0
.
050

0
.
200
0
.
050
0
.
0587

0
.
025

12
1

3
2
12 0.050 0.125 0.050 0.1250.0538
4

m
1
3
2

0.200 0.050 0.200 0.050 0.0337

12

3.966850417 10 5 m 4 3.97 10 5 m 4

Consider point B, M xz

ve bending moment

P
Nm and point C, M xz
10

3P
Nm
10

+ve bending moment

M
Using xx xz y
Iz
At the top fibre, y 0.050 0.125 0.0587 0.1163 m
At the bottom fibre, y 0.0587 m

At B (top fibre):
P

Nm
10
0.1163 m 292.9471 P Nm 2
xx
5
4
3.97 10 m

293P Pa
At C (top fibre)
3P

Nm

10

0.1163 m 878.8413 P Nm 2
xx
5
4
3.97 10 m

879 P Pa

At B (bottom fibre)
P

Nm
10
0.0587 m 147.8589 P Nm 2
xx
5
4
3.97 10 m

147.9 P Pa
At C (bottom fibre)

xx

3P

Nm

10
0.0587 m 443.5768 P Nm 2

5
4
3.97 10 m

444 P Pa

The largest tensile stress of 444P Pa occurs at the bottom fibre at C.

The largest compressive stress of 879P Pa occurs at the top fibre at C.
Since the allowable tensile stress T 35 MPa 35 106 Pa and the
allowable compressive stress C 150 MPa 150 106 Pa , we have
444 P 35 10 6
P 78828.8288 N 78.8 kN
879 P 150 10 6
P 170648.4641 N 170.6 kN

Hence, the maximum allowable value for P is 78.8 kN .

The tensile stress at C is the controlling factor in determining the maximum
allowable load.

Alternatively, you may also work out the allowable loads P in each case
and take the smallest result to be the limiting load:
Point

BOTTOM FIBRE

TOP FIBRE
xx 293P Pa Tensile

xx 879P Pa Compressive

293P 35 10 6

879 P 150 10 6

P 119453.9249 N 119.5 kN
xx 147.9P Pa Compressive

P 170648.4641 N 170.6 kN
xx 444P Pa Tensile

147.9 P 150 10 6

444 P 35 10 6

P 1014198.7829 N 1014 kN

P 78828.8288 N 78.8 kN

As before, the maximum allowable value for P is 78.8 kN .

To determine P based on the maximum shear stress allowable:
Shear force,
Shear stress,

We have:

Hence,

But allowable shear stress is 10 MPa. Therefore,

Hence, max. allowable value for P is still 78.8 kN.

Solutions To : Tutorial 2 Q5

From symmetry,
At section n-n,

Pa
rt

(
11250
11250
22500

) (
125
25

) (

) (

1406.25
281.25
1687.5

50
50

(a)

( )(
(
(

)(

)
)(
)(

)
)

(
28.125
28.125
56.25

)(
21.094
2.344
23.438

(b)

(
(
(

)(

)(

)
)(
)(

)
)
)

(c)

Largest shearing stress occurs on the section through the centroid.

( )(
)(
)
(
(

)(
)(

)
)

Solutions To : Tutorial 2

Q6

For rolled steel section W200x46.1, we have:

(a)
[

( ) ]

) ]

Horizontal shearing force per meter of weld is:

(
)
(
)

(b)
[

( ) ]

) ]

i.e.,

Alternative Solutions To : Tutorial 2

Q6

For Case (a)

Fxy

bf
Consider a unit length of the beam
Using the shear stress equation we have

xy

Fxy
b f I zz

Ay

(1)

The horizontal shearing force F induced in the beam is:

F xy b f 1

Fxy
b f I zz
Fxy
I zz

Ay b f 1

[ Substituting xy from Eq. (1) ]

Ay

The shearing force is taken up by two weld lines each weld line can
withstand 500 kN.
I.e. 1000 kN for two weld lines
Hence , we have
F 1000 x10
3

i.e.

Fxy (594.8 10 6 )
211.7 10 6

Fxy 356 10 3 N
356 kN

Similarly for case (b) Fxy can be calculated.