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The National Crime Records Bureau of India reported in its 2012 annual report that
135,445 people committed suicide in India, of which 13,754 were farmers
(11.2%). Of these, 5 out of 29 states accounted for 10,486 farmers suicides (76%)
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala.
In 2011, a total of 135,585 people committed suicide out of which 14,207 were
farmers.In 2010, 15,963 farmers in India committed suicide
In 2012, the state of Maharashtra,epicenter of suicides with 3,786 farmers'
suicides, accounted for about a quarter of the all India's farmer suicides total
(13,754). From 1995 to 2013, a total of 296,438 Indian farmers committed suicide.
Farmer suicides rates in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh two large states of India by size
and population have been about 10 times lower than Maharashtra, Kerala and
Pondicherry. In 2012, there were 745 farmer suicides in Uttar Pradesh. In 2014 there
were eight farmer suicides in Uttar Pradesh.
According to IFFRI study number of suicides during 20052009 in Gujarat 387,
Kerala 905, Punjab 75 and Tamil Nadu 26.While 1802 farmers committed suicide
inChhattisgarh in 2009 and 1126 in 2010, its farmers suicide dropped to zero in
2011, leading to accusations of data manipulation.
Maharashtra is by far the epicentre of the crisis, with over 10,000 recorded farm
suicides between 2011 and 2013. This year, the Marathwada region alone has seen
over 200 farmer suicides in just three months.
According to figures from the Ministry of Agriculture, the total of number of suicides
committed by farmers for agrarian reasons in the last three years stands at 3313.
The five States Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala
accounted for 3301 of them
The Bt cotton seeds cost nearly twice as much as ordinary ones. The higher costs
forced many farmers into taking ever larger loans, often from private moneylenders
charging exorbitant interest rates (60% a year). The moneylender was claimed to
collect his dues at harvest time, by compelling farmers to sell their cotton to him at
a price lower than it fetches on the market. According to activists, this created a
source of debt and economic stress, ultimately suicides, among farmers.
8. MISGUIDED POLICIES Government only help a fraction of farmers.
The waiver given by government helps only if the loan has been
taken from a government- backed institution, but most farmers in
India borrow from moneylenders at the start of the sowing season to
buy seeds and other ingredients. Farmers' demands were not
taken into count while preparing the relief package. Neither were
civil society organizations, local government bodies, panchayats etc
consulted.
9. GIRL CHILD Dowry is still present in many parts of India. Dowry
creates financial pressure on the family head.
10.
GREEN REVOLUTION
11.
INDEBTEDNESS Indebtedness was the reason behind the
suicide of 93% farmers. Out of 17.64 Lakh farmers only (25.3%)
farmers could avail institutional finance in 2005-06. Private money
lenders charge high interest rates between 48-60% p.a. Higher
rate of interest in the cooperative credit system e.g. up to 12.5% to
14% till last year. cooperative sector brought down their interest
rates to 7%, even then the farmers are taking loans from the private
individuals.
12.
REASONS FOR INDEBTEDNESS Indebtedness Increasing cost of
agriculture inputs Repeated crop loss Increasing dependence on
money lenders at high rates of interest. Withdrawal of government
support Reduced price of agriculture produces
13.
CROP FAILURE There are many different reasons for crop
failure Drought,Climate Change Personal Enmity ,Natural Calamity
,Pests, Insects ,Heavy Monsoon ,Late Monsoon
14.
The seeds which the private sector brought in are called as
neutral seed or dummy seed because it makes the land neutral and
moreover it doesnt support the cycle of repeated sowing. NEUTRAL
SEEDS
15.
16.
OTHERS Social Status Loan Waiver Policy Neutral seeds
Rising Costs of Cultivation Uncertainty of agricultural enterprise in
India Medias Move
17.
IMPACT OF SUICIDES