Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Field
Museum
Columbian
Publication
56,
Vol.
Series.
Anthropological
II, No.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
on the ISLAND
INVESTIGATIONS
OF
LA PLATA,
ECUADOR.
by
A.
George
Curator,
Dorsey,
of Anthropology.
Department
Chicago,
April,
U.
S. A.
1901.
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5.
CONTENTS.
Introduction,
The
journey
Geographical
I.
-------
to the island,
and
position
physical
character
253
of the
island,
--------
GRAVES,
Character
of the earth
excavated,
255
-
HEAPS
OF THE
Page.
251
253
254
-----
The
II. REFUSE
255
gold,
258
260
PLATEAU,
Stone.
and
Rectangular
circular
stone
stones
engraved
beads,
not perforated,
stones,
------
stones,
engraved
263
261
263
263
264
264
the human
face,
representing
masses
and worked
beads
of turquoise,
----worked
266
stones,
stones
Fragmentary
Miscellaneous
etc.,
265
266
Pottery.
266
character,
-----specimens,
of the head?no
covering,
Pottery?general
Complete
Treatment
Head
267
-
decoration;
pyramidal
projections,
bounded
Face
band,
by broad projecting
with simple and undecorated
Heads
treatment,
------heads,
Grotesque
271
-----of the nose,
Treatment
272
Treatment
of the eyes,
273
of the upper extremities,
Treatment
273
of the lower extremities,
Treatment
274
the
of
the
found
in
hands
Objects
images,
head-dresses,
Serpent
Animal
forms,
-------Bird
forms,
277
of pottery,
Miscellaneous
objects
277
the
General
observations
concerning
pottery,
- General
conclusions,
269
269
270
268
275
276
277
247
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278
279
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate.
XLIII.
XLIV.
Squared
incised
stones.
Squared
incised
stones.
Squared
Circular
incised
stones.
incised
stones.
XL.
Gold
XLI.
XLII.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVIII.
Squared
XLIX.
Squared
L.
LI.
incised
stones.
incised
stones.
stones with
Squared
Circular
incised
edges.
stones.
incised
LIII.
stones without
ornamentation.
Rectangular
ornamentation.
stones without
Oblong
LIV.
Circular
stones
Circular
perforated
LI
LV.
LVI.
LVII.
LVIII.
LIX.
LX.
LXI.
I.
Cylindrical-shaped
and
Perforated
Rough
LXIII.
Rough
Beads
LXV.
LXVI.
LXVII.
LXVIII.
Beads
stones.
stones.
engraved
and
mass
mass
representing
of serpentine.
of green marble.
and
of pagodite
of lapis lazuli.
turquoise.
of agalmatolite.
stone animal;
b, cone-shaped
of stone metate.
Fragment
Beads
Two
earthenware
images,
front view.
Two
earthenware
images,
side
LXXII.
LXXIV.
LXXV.
LXXVI.
LXXVII.
LXXVIII.
LXXIX.
LXXX.
LXXXI.
LXXXII.
stone.
a, Small
LXX.
LXXIII.
face.
the human
stones
LXIX.
LXXI.
stones.
engraved
stone beads.
Perforated
Engraved
ornamentation.
stones.
of perforated
stone beads.
Fragments
Perforated
LXII.
LXIV.
without
head covering.
Image?no
of image, pyramidal
Head
and body of image,
Head
Head
of image.
Heads
Heads
Head
of images,
of images,
of
image,
view.
projections.
projections.
pyramidal
faces
bounded
faces
bounded
by broad
by broad
bands.
bands.
ear ornamentation.
of images,
of images,
simple
treatment
of head-dress.
simple
treatment
of head-dress.
of images,
Portion
of female
simple
treatment
of head-dress.
Heads
Heads
Heads
Grotesque
figure holding
club.
heads.
248
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Illustrations.
249
Plate.
heads.
LXXXIII.
Grotesque
LXXXIV.
Fragments
of vessels.
LXXXV.
Fragments
showing
treatment
of the nose.
LXXXVI.
Specimens
of the nose.
LXXXVII.
Fragments
treatment
showing
of images
showing
LXXXVIII.
Specimens
showing
treatment
Specimens
showing
treatment
LXXXIX.
XC.
XCI.
XCII.
XCIII.
XCIV.
treatment
of the lower extremities.
showing
of large image showing
female breast.
Fragment
Images with a bird resting on the arm.
with arms holding
small jars.
Fragments
Specimens
with
Fragments
Small
images.
XCV.
XCVI.
XCVIII.
XCIX.
C.
CI.
CIL
arms
Fragments
of image
of heads
Fragments
of bodies
Fragments
bearing
Fragment
XCVII.
treatment
of the eyes.
of the upper
extremities.
of the lower extremities.
showing
bearing
images.
serpent head-dress.
conventionalized
serpents'
conventionalized
serpents'
bearing
conventionalized
serpents'
conventionalized
Fragments
representing
Bird forms.
Miscellaneous
small
holding
heads.
heads.
heads.
quadrupeds.
of pottery.
objects
Figure.
of La
37.
Outline
38.
39.
of portion
Map
Idealized
view
40.
Gold
map
of vertical
41.
cup.
Earthenware
42.
Outline
43.
Representative
and
Perforated
44.
45.
46.
island,
from a sketch.
drawn
explored.
section of excavations
in the triangle.
vessel
from grave.
of ceremonial
stone axe
drawing
Engraved
Earthenware
Plata
of island
squared
stone
engraved
and
stone.
representing
image
circular
showing
the human
position
( full size).
stones.
engraved
face.
of whistles.
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INTRODUCTION.
on an exploring expedition
While
in 1891-92,
in South America
on behalf of the Department
of Ethnology
of theWorld's
Columbian
a
I
of
rich
find
learned
which
made at
had
been
Exposition,
recently
La Plata
Island, Ecuador.
Peru I set out forGuayaquil.
of
comrnander-in-chief
Having
There
the Ecuadorian
concluded my explorations
in
I met General Manuel
Flores,
army,
had
who
made
partial
a second
made
exploration
but
success.
without
So
firmly
con?
General
Flores
was
were
to do
the
government
Romero,
was
at my
receive
to
currency
the
amount
of
one
excavating,
gun-boat
placed
to
and
Tungarauhua,
Thomas
McKinley,
under
command
my
assistant.
of Captain
disposition.
Field
Columbian
Museum.
251
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Fia. 37.
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ON THE
ARCH/?OLOGICALINVESTIGATIONS
ISLAND OF LA PLATA, ECUADOR.
THE JOURNEY TO THE ISLAND.
taken supplies to last for a period of two weeks, we left
on
the morning of July 17, 1892, and after an interval of
Guayaquil
we
had arrived at the mouth of the Guayaquil
three hours
river,
Having
where we turned abruptly to the north and skirted the coast during
A small
the entire day, arriving at the island late in the evening.
we
on
island
where
to
the shore side of the
natural bay is
be found
we
time
this
During
dropped anchor and remained for sixteen days.
ate and slept on board the boat, making two trips ashore each day in
a small rowboat.
Owing to the innumerable varieties of water fowl
which invaded the island, and the great number of fishwhich were to
be
found
amusement,
on
every
and
ful of my sojourn
side
in many
of
us, we
ways
were
never
the visit
was
at
one
a
of
loss
for
the most
sources
of
delight?
in South America.
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Field
254
Columbian
corner
southern
of
the
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
island,
to
extent
the
of
several
II.
acres,
is
en?
of potsherds,
squared
stones,
etc.
1. GRAVES.
The lowland justmentioned is formed from a deposit brought down
from two ravines which extend back toward the center of the island.
and
In the triangle thus formed were made the principal excavations
itwas here that the gold and silver objects were found which so
The work of excavation had
excited the interest of General Flores.
a Jamaican
been chiefly done by the lighthouse
negro.
keeper,
to
on
he
little
be
of
was
assist?
the
he
still
island,
proved
Although
ance to me in pointing out the localities from which material found
up to that time had been taken. After much hesitation on his part,
As near as I
I finally located six holes which had been excavated.
could find out, from the first one they took twenty or thirty ounces
In the second excavation were
of gold and several pieces of pottery.
found two images, one gold the other silver; in the third, fourth and
fifth holes nothing was found; in the sixth hole a large stone axe was
twenty-two
feet
deep.
Inasmuch
as
the
general
nature
of
one
the same throughout,
thus excavated was usually
area
this
and
for
of
the
entire
work
for
the
suffice
description may
final
the
of
the
character
we
consider
twenty-two
may
purpose
the
earth
foot
section.
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CROSS
Fig.
39.
Idealized
View
of
Vertical
SECTION
Section
of
D-E.
Excavations
in the
Triangle.
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April,
The
igoi.
of
Island
La
255
Plata?Dorsey.
this was
found
compressed
stratum
and
Besides
of
charcoal
one
ashes
and
foot
This
rested on a bed of pure ashes about two feet thick;
feet
below
this was encountered
another and thicker bed of
eight
In the intervening portions were found stratified layers
pure ashes.
of sand and gravel.
In this sand and gravel were found many curi?
ous fragments of pottery which seem to have been originally in the
thick.
form of images
and
All
idols.
stones
rectangular
of different
numerous
potsherds,
sizes
and
were
shapes
squared
encountered.
the
With
were
skeletons
found
several
and
stone
large
axe.
The
grave
was
earthenware
and beads,
apparently
stones
found
and
potsherds
elsewhere
of
copper,
copper
bells,
vessels,
several copper
an
intrusive
of ashes or to the
The
promiscuously.
other
objects
earthenware
vessels
and
a very
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Field
256
Columbian
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
II.
(PI. XL, Fig. b ) is of silver and measures six and one-quarter inches
in length, and one and one-half inches in breadth. This image is almost
in size by one of gold (PI. XL, Fig. a), there being less
matched
than one-half an inch difference in length. The smaller gold image
three and three-quarters inches in length.
(PI. XLI, Fig. a) measures
It requires only a superficial examination
of all four images to dis?
In physiognomy, methods of dress?
close the identity of the design.
ing the hair, and general proportions, the specimens are all alike; in
The hair
all likewise the sex is represented as that of the female.
of the forehead to the
is parted in a straight line from the middle
crown of the head and is loosely gathered about half way down the
back by means of a curious device, the nature of which I have not yet
It is interesting to note also that in all the specimens
determined.
head
is molded
the
after
antero-posterior
deformity
which
was
the
prac?
been
an
easy
matter;
nor
am
I now
sure
that
I have
the
reached
junction
of
these
two
seams
up
to where
it is concealed
the
under
themselves
were
hammered
into
shape
over
some
c of PI. XLI
form
seems
I believe we
and although it
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^^^^^^^^
Fig. 40.
Gold
Cup.
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April,
of
The
igoi.
round
Island
tubes.
hollow
To
of
La
the
ends
Plata?Dorsey.
were
grooves
the
in
impressed
257
fastened
sheets
sheet.
The
cut
of gold
simply by means
indicated
head
of
repre?
covering,
senting the parted and braided hair, is firmly fastened to the head by
means
and ingeniously
of four pairs of most skillfully concealed
applied rivets. The first pair are over the eyes, the third pair on a
line with the shoulders and the last pair are under the broad object
fastened to the end of the hair. The rivets are spines projecting from
the inner side of the head covering and enter holes at the points
in the body of the image where they have been riveted
mentioned
The reason for making
the head ornament in a
from the inside.
to the
separate piece lies, I think, in this manner of its application
It gives added strength to the head and especially
it binds
figure.
together and so strengthens the body seam in a manner which could
in any other manner.
not be readily accomplished
Furthermore
this
the hair certainly gives
it a more
of applying
method
realistic
than
appearance
it would
have
otherwise.
IMAGEOF BRONZE.
per
The
copper
figure proves
cent
of
and
but
copper,
tin,
a
low
grade
7 per
equally
cent
of
iron,
and
so
cannot
be
native
bronze.
GOLD
CUP.
without.
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Field
258
Columbian
PENDANTS, TOPOS
II.
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
AND
lands
and
Peru.
They
from
average
to an
three-quarters
are bell-shaped,
being perforated near the upper
With these pendants was found a similarly sized
shaped like a vase, with rounded bottom, bulging rim
object of copper
At opposite
sides are
and long and but slightly constricted neck.
This vessel is too tiny to be of any real use and probably
handles.
as
served
The
no
manner
ornament.
from
the
of
several
others.
pins were
specimens
typical
graves.
ments
an
specimens
These
measure
common
there were
from
six
in
Peruvian
eight, with
to
ten
inches
frag?
in
length and are of two types, one having a large, flat, nearly cylin?
drical head, the other having a head much smaller, thicker and more
Of the small pins there are four, two of pure
nearly semi-circular.
two
of
and
silver; they are all less than two inches in length and
gold
have
perforated.
POTTERY.
The
There were twelve entire pieces of pottery in the grave.
is
in
interest
It
is
six
the
of
41.
greatest
represented
Fig.
piece
In shape it
inches in height and is painted a dull grayish color.
resembles the typical Cuzco form inverted, and is a unique specimen,
A gradually contracting
for South America.
I believe,
globular
narrow
a
with
recurved
rests
mouth
in
broad
lip,
body, terminating
on a graceful pedestal which in form is simply the neck of the ordi?
from a thin
On one side is a handle fashioned
nary Cuzco vase.
side is a letter Y in relief. A
band of clay, while on the opposite
further peculiarity of the vessel is the fact that it is provided with a
flat, well-fitting cover which has a handle.
are two vases
Second only in interest to the specimen described
is figured in PI. XLII.
This
almost alike in form, one of which
to
of
from
such
it
hundreds
has
distinguish
speci?
nothing
specimen
mens in the museum from the vicinity of Cuzco, and I may add that,
according to my estimation, no more beautiful pottery has been found
It is characterized
in America than this same graceful Cuzco
type.
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Fig.
41.
Earthenware
Vessel
from
Grave.
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Fig.
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Fig. 42.
Ceremonial
Stone
Axe.
(Natural Size.)
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April,
1901.
The
Island
of
La
259
Plata?Dorsey.
extremity of the neck to the beginning of the base ; these lines enclose
lines arranged in groups of
many short, black, horizontal, parallel
five. Beyond the three central red lines and on each side of them,
and bordered by additional red lines, just in front of the handles, is a
tree or plant-like ornamentation so characteristic of Cuzco pottery of
this class.
On the middle red line, and thus near the center of the
vessel, is an equally characteristic ornament, consisting of the highly
head of a puma in bold relief.
conventionalized
In general shape the other vessel is like the one just described.
The side of the vessel, upon which is a small puma head in relief, and
the under portion of the vessel have been painted white, and upon this
is a black line decoration
of geometric
figures which has almost
entirely disappeared.
There are also three small vessels, devoid of general
interest,
which may have been used as toys. Two of them are undecorated,
while the third has been painted red, upon which is a decoration
of
The remaining pieces of pottery are
parallel rows of black triangles.
dish
or
saucer-like
forms,
three
of which
have,
as
handle,
on
one
side
a conventionalized
duck's head.
These
three pieces are beautifully
decorated inside with parallel red bands.
All the pieces of pottery
just described, with the exception of the piece first mentioned, have
nothing to distinguish them from the ordinary forms found over the
entire Quichua
territory.
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26o
Field
Columbian
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
II.
the
axe
no
think,
Near
doubt.
the
lower
each
toward
extremity
corner,
an irregular
and on the corresponding opposite sides (see PI. XLIII)is
surface from two to three inches in diameter, which has been abrased
by having been struck many times by some metallic or stone object.
These
surfaces, situated as they are, have led me to the belief that
was
suspended
some
by
sort
of
and
thong
that
these
abrased
Inasmuch
bell.
of
objects
nature
similar
have
been
as
used
similar
Mention
in the
of excavation
there
fragments
which had
material
already
been
made
of
been
were
near
triangle
brought
found
in any
the
were
encountered
down
of
layers
and
of ashes,
the work
as
Inasmuch
in various
stones
circular
found during
beach.
found
from above,
the
and
squared
and curious
strata
as no pieces
it would
be
all
such
of
drift
of this
reason?
came
unexpectedly
upon
large
heap
of
fragments
of
clay
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Fig. 43.
Representative
Squared
and
Circular
Engraved
Stones.
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April,
The
igoi.
of
Island
La
Plata?Dorsey.
261
The
and
stones.
circular
stone used
made
probably
some
with
sharp
and
instrument
are extraordi?
they
made
The
two
and
with
stroke
single
in thickness,
measures
thickness,
five
while
and
the
while
the
instrument.
sharp-pointed
smallest
four
one-half
smallest
some
five inches
of
inches
one
measures
in
diameter
four
by
and
two
one-half
inches
the largest
inches
in
in diam?
parallel
lines
varies
in
one
specimen
from
one
and
one-fourth
the most
common.
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Field
262
Columbian
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
II.
with
is decorated
row
of
seven
circles.
engraved
treat?
The
ment
side
remaining
the
instances
some
received
has
surfaces
incised
line
sort
five parallel
contain
line
around
passing
of
treatment.
in the middle,
the
stone
at
two
In
lines
perpendicular
arranged
all crossed
by
center.
In
its
upper
corner,
converge
at
the
center
of
the under
surface
of
the
stone.
three
and
three-quarters
inches
in
diameter
and
less
than
one
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April,
of
Island
The
igoi.
La
Plata?Dorsey.
263
The
breadth
and
smallest
of
sort
this
an
inch
was
stone
Closely
stones
of
an elliptical
of
inches
four
that
somewhat
the
in length
the
one
one-half
same
down
to
and is
was
sizes
the
purpose
character
the
of
I have no suggestion
in fact
and
next
series
to be
general
two
forming
but
type
and
to
described,
Stones
).
and
extreme
stones,
the
and
one
for whatever
probably
rectangular
them
(see PL LIII
shape
from
ranging
between
link
connecting
was
a series
so
alsowas
to these
related
in
inches
measures
center
two
What
(see PI.
one-half
measures
these
series,
that
used,
category
Between
intervening
complete
smallest
the
inches
thick.
and
in the
and
specimen
of
found
in
those
four
in length
as
material
measures
found
one-half
inch in thickness,
The
same
the
one
largest
five
by
of
just described
LII).
are
stones
These
having
found
one-half.
case
The
of
the
largest
in no case
diameter
are generally
and
not
as
served
made
vary in diameter
one
to
and
exceeds
one-half
one-half
inches
of an
inch.
in the
The
smallest.
specimens
reveal
any
mark
implements.
unusual
with
with
prepared
the category
like
ness,
was
have
all
does
stones
These
the
of
use
care.
and
previously
Two
care,
of
are
the
An
examination
naturally
described,
perforated
edges
soft?
they could
not
have
stones,
in
the
their
owing
disc-shaped
of
to
the
one
center
of which
(
see
PI.
to Chili.
stones
about
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Field
264
None
Columbian
them
of
use-marks
show
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
of
sort
any
and
II.
one
only
has
been
been
with
decorated
in one
inches
several
of
four
which
the
In
one
from
two
specimens
instance
in all
surfaces
in another.
varies
the
of
These
circles
always
have
opposite,
circles
supernumerary
have
to one-half
one-quarter
sides,
stones
these
have
long
row of engraved
to six
instance
diameter
uniform
In
The
breadth.
and
general
an inch.
been
fur?
at
the
end
of
the
Like the
stone, while in another they occupy the center (see Fig. 44).
circles on the upper side of the stones described in the first category,
in the center. None
of these
all of these have a slight excavation
show
specimens
any
sign
whatever
the
stone
left by
reveal
a cord,
Interesting
nor
of usage,
lying through
a careful
does
as would
trace
of a mark
such
slightest
the stones
been
in case
had
suspended.
the
merely
from
the standpoint
exam?
of technique
have
are
four
been
frag?
ments
even
of stones
for a short
of usage
has been
of material
period,
so
without
found, and
soft
as
their
are
it is not possible
these
showing
to have
use-marks.
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been
Fig. 44.
Fig. 45.
Engraved
Perforated
Stone
and
Stone.
Engraved
Representing
the
Human
Face.
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April,
The
1901.
stones
from
varying
but
shape,
La
to
two
three
on
somewhat
tapering
Plata?Dorsey.
265
to these perforated
similar in shape
Somewhat
of
of
Island
in
inches
each
face
is a series
stones
length,
toward
in
rectangular
the
end
LX,
(PI.
Thesestones
have not been perforated from end to end,
e>fi ?)but instead there is a hole extending from each end toward the center
for the extent of a quarter of an inch, which ismet by a hole of sim?
In the illustra?
ilar size coming from one of the faces of the stone.
tion is a specimen which had been broken in two, which makes plain
this manner
of perforation.
transverse
less
imperfect.
diameter.
one
Only
these
of
is more
specimens
or
Among
the
in length,
longest
in stone
interesting objects
stones,
one
V-shaped
elongated
the
shortest
five
and
one
found were
one-half.
These
stones
three
inches
four
measuring
have
breadth of about one inch at the base and taper off toward the outside
edge
in all
ized human
face consisting
excavations
the
for
one
Each
proportions.
of a
In Fig.
eyes.
bears
lateral
a, PL
on
LXI,
a conventional?
its edge
incision
two
and
start
lines
parallel
of
the
of
stone
lines
median
and
passes
are
the head
are
two
crossed
around
lateral
at
to the other
lines
regular
and
side.
one
intervals
On
median
by
the narrow
line;
eleven
these
sharp
Fig.
Fig.
b (see Fig.
45).
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Field
266
Columbian
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
II.
BEADS OF
ETC.
TURQUOISE,
worked.
is an
however,
One,
irregularly
measur?
mass,
shaped
ing two and one-half inches in length by one and one-half in diameter
and drilled from end to end; its surface has been fairly well polished
Of lapis lazuli no less than twenty-eight carefully
(see PI. LXIV).
while of beads
finished cylindrical beads were found (see PI. LXV);
there were thirty-five (see PI. LXVI).
The majority
of agalmatolite
of turquoise and lapis lazuli specimens were found at the base of the
plateau and not in the pottery heaps of the summit of the plateau.
MISCELLANEOUS WORKED
STONES.
Among the stones not falling within any of the categories men?
tioned are three worthy of brief notice.
Perhaps of greatest interest
some small quadruped
a
is
( PI.
finely carved specimen representing
and
received
has
is
This
beautifully
polished
.LXVII, Fig, a).
unusual
attention.
measured
perhaps
The
specimen
measures
two
and
one-quarter
foot
in
length.
The
fragment
rests
on
two well
circular feet, one inch in length. The third specimen (see PI.
a cone-shaped
stone, being about two and one-half
LXVII,
b) is
the
below
inches in height.
apex is an annular constriction, for
Just
what purpose it is not known, as the groove is not of a depth to per?
it so that it might be
around
mit of a cord having been passed
cone
is
truncated
and in the center of
the
of
The
apex
suspended.
a
under surface is
The
is
formed
thus
the surface
slight depression.
made
without
marks
of any
sort.
POTTERY?GENERAL
CHARACTER.
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more
not
sibly
La
a dozen
than
267
Plata?Dorsey.
being
pieces
of
Island
The
1901.
April,
pieces,
of pos?
the exception
With
the
all
were
fragments
of
parts
small images in the form of human figures. The clay used in the
manufacture of the pottery, while of fairly good texture, and inman}
of
ways superior to that used by the inhabitants of the mainland
is greatly inferior to that used by the natives of Peru and
Ecuador,
to that used in the vessels which were found in the graves on the
lowland
the
of
a
perhaps
near
island
thousand
images
coast.
the
From
more
not
than
fragments
a half
dozen
representing
were
pieces
found which bore any trace of paint; these were painted red. The
pottery reveals no uniform method of firing, many of the pieces being
almost
No
unburnt.
was
fragment
had
which
however,
found,
been
and
hollow
generally
no attempt
often
at finished
there
executed,
crudely
a rule,
as
being,
work.
COMPLETE SPECIMENS.
As
been
has
but
stated,
condition
character,
both
two
a man
representing
were
specimens
and LXX).
These
in a sitting
found
in
an
intact
posture,
the
legs
or
helmet
any
represented
about
the
which
may
neck
On
head-dress.
trace
of a garment
a cord-like
represent
of
neither
the
or of
clothing.
from which
enlargement,
a conventionalized
animal
figures
Both
depends
is
figures
an
there
have
object
head.
of haste
and
carelessness.
At
the
same
time
the
salient
features
of
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268
Field
Columbian
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
II.
near
the soft clay near the region where they join the legs. Placed
the center and on top of each arm is a clay fillet, each one with four
deep incisions in the center made with a sharp instrument; these may
arm
represent
which
three
across
the
small,
forehead.
raised,
affair
cap-shaped
now
broken
from
off.
Just
Just
knob-like
is
head
masses,
cone-shaped
beneath
over
two
projected
the
Over
bands.
this
and
these
protuberances;
above
are
are
nose
the
not
unusual.
of
the
the specimen
men
they may
ear.
The
eyes
just described,
properly
the
have
same
general
as
treatment
in
be noticed
here.
In
forming
the eye,
the maker
COVERING.
and
just
over
the
eyes
are
two
while
ridges.
These
may
represent
a very
highly developed
superciliary region, or perhaps be characterizations
The head has been so mutilated that it is not possible
of tattoo marks.
to make out the character of the ears, but just in front of the place
where the ears should be is, on one side, a large hole, while on the
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April,
other side
two
other
Island
The
igoi.
this hole
is occupied
similar
specimens
of
La
Plata?Dorsey.
269
by a cup-shaped
objects
were
found
affair.
represented
In one or
as
pierc?
wear
feather
ornaments.
was
of the ear.
actually
In fact it is possible
intended
to represent
an
ear
ornament.
The
the
head?
of a place
for an
ear
ornament.
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Field
270
Columbian
II.
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
have
We
representations
having
treatment
somewhat
interesting
to
similar
that
are
bands
terminate
to
intended
at present
represent
in a
now
cannot
fracture,
be
out
made
been
having
as
the
broken.
the
the
pellets
clay
ear
pinna
has
are
pressed
sent perforations
received
on
one
side
close
made
treatment
seven
against
which
and
the
on
ear.
is especially
the
These
during
other
interesting.
side
undoubtedly
little
nine
repre?
life, received
some
ornament.
plug-like
eyes,
ears,
nose
and
mouth
are
only
faintly
indicated.
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Fig. 46.
Earthenware
Image Showing
Position
of Whistles.
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April,
or covering
which
vividly
of
face
treatment
The
of
thing
tionalized
the
a
In Fig.
finement.
of
Island
The
igoi.
is
is
Near
of
sufficient
are
center
the
27r
remarkable
arms
The
manner.
Plata?Dorsey.
suggests
here
there
its character.
La
the
the
the
breast
head-dress.
some?
conven?
most
seen
be
may
re?
of
portrayal
to show
image
in
treated
of
its
two
are
both
downward
from the inside. These
objects
projecting
whistles which were blown through a hole in the back of the head.
As a matter of fact, all of the specimens except the one already
described, and nearly all of the remaining heads to be considered have
this hole in the occipital region, and in every case where we have the
The
body of the figure present we have either one or two whistles.
are very interesting from the fact that
two figures under discussion
both were made in the same mold.
One of them has been subjected
to a coat
of red
by means
ened
paint,
on
which
smoke
of
and
one
side
has
been
very
black?
much
fire.
described.
tive
art.
Both
In PI.
as
LXXXI
it represents
the
are
we
remarkable
as works
specimens
upper
of
portion
an
primi?
interest, inasmuch
There
image.
of
is e.vidence
considered
of
representations
the
In
breast.
her
and
hands
pass?
ing up over the back of her shoulder she holds some club-like object.
At first sight there
About the neck is represented a string of beads.
appears
to
be
nose
appendage,
rather to be an imperfection
to the upper lip.
but
closer
in the mold,
GROTESQUE
inspection
shows
a portion of which
this
adhered
HEADS.
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Field
272
Columbian
a band
is represented
or
fillet.
II.
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
c we
In Fig.
The nose
Ages.
terminating at the
an
have
arrange?
ment
nose
has
been
shortened.
unusually
In PI. LXXXIII
from
ways
described.
any
Figs,
and
rather
represent
conven?
tionalized
faces, which look forward from the end of a tube. Fig. c
a
is crudely expressed caricature of the human face. The region of
In Fig. d a band passes medially up
the forehead has been incised.
over the head; while from the sides of the head of Fig. e are lateral
appendages
In PI.
have
hanging
LXXXIV
of
portion
the
one
face,
eye
and
ear.
a we
In Fig.
of vessels.
one
This
fragment
in
material is quite unlike the usual form of pottery found on the island.
It is
shell.
It is very thick and shows many fragments of pounded
a
I
know
of
was
distance.
of course that it
brought from
possible
seen
have
but
of Ecuador,
pottery
nothing like it on the mainland
from Cauca Valley, Colombia, which is similar in composition.
It
In Fig. b we have only a portion of the body represented.
a
some
on
was
vessel
resembling
typical
top of
sitting
apparently
water
bottle
of
the west
coast.
have
In Fig.
previous
also
received
treatment
which
so
far has
not
been
encountered.
in
still another form of the nose already described
be
noted
It
may
examples, but here unusually well shown.
c we have
that
above
the
nose
are
three
protuberances
similar
in
every
are
represented.
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April,
The
igoi.
La
273
Plata?Dorsey.
In PI. LXXXVI
considerable
interest.
the nose
and pendant
beak-like
nose
executed
of
Island
and
Fig.
is remarkable
ornament, while
ornament,
pendant
for
Fig.
the
of
representation
which
in
terminates
a well
appendage.
specimens
La
Plata.
with
connection
already described,
which
probably
represent
On PI. LXXXVIII
has
some
special
of
several
I^have
spoken
the
vessels
or
of a device
fragments
fastened
of vessels
to the arms
amulets.
features
of
interest.
In Fig.
the
arms
are
en?
circled by a small fillet, while the fingers are very rudely indicated by
In Fig. b, in
in the soft clay.
means of three deep incisions made
which the arm is represented as resting on the leg near the knee,
there is fastened to the upper side a broad band bearing on its upper
This form of arm-band is one of
surface six button-shaped objects.
the most
common.
In Fig.
the
arm
bears
on
its
upper
surface
six
above as form?
objects exactly similar to those described
cup-shaped
in addition to
inasmuch
ear
d
is
ornaments.
as,
interesting
Fig.
ing
an attempt
has
been
there
the
encircle
which
five small bands
arm,
five
also
additional
there
the
to indicate the position of
thumb,
being
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Field
274
Columbian
e bears
fingers.
Fig.
nences.
These
are
on
the
as
arm,
as
represented
II.
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
two
ornaments,
emi?
rounded
to the wrist
attached
just
above
In Fig./we
the fingers, which are represented as unusually long.
have a very interesting specimen and the only one of its kind found
at La Plata.
It represents a portion of the dress of some hollow
figure, showing the hand resting on the leg, the upper arm itself, as
well as the breast, being covered with something which may be con?
sidered a mantle.
This
is decorated with a number of small, round
eminences.
In a
extending
cases
highly
conventionalized.
few
of
fragments
feet,
however,
were
found in which
some
instrument.
sharp
sentation,
which
pellets
over
Down
perhaps
represent
the
knee
hangs
a kilt-like
beads.
b we
repre?
small round
have
two
boot
parallel,
incised
bands.
Within
are
a number
of
rounded
pro?
toes
are
roughly
indicated.
This
is a fragment of some unusually large image.
one
as
a
is
the
breasts
of
inasmuch
female,
represented
On PI. XCI
probably
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The
igoi.
April,
La
Plata?Dorsey.
in a realistic manner.
presented
of sex
cation
of
Island
This
in the
encountered
275
of
pottery
the
indi?
island.
very
and
legs
to
almost
extending
the
an
is represented
feet,
and
small
earthenware
detached
as
Inasmuch
vessel.
the
vessels
to
be
remarked,
were
these
that
however,
no
of vessels
fragments
such
as
found.
was
as
is represented
breast.
the
against
being
carried,
In Figs,
must
b and
have
c are
been
represented
up
pressed
two
similar
close
frag?
In Fig. b we have
ments, in which a human image is being carried.
the left hand bearing the head of a small image, the body of which
In Fig. c the treatment is
has been broken off just below the neck.
different.
somewhat
The
arms
are
as
represented
resting
on
the
legs
curved in front of the body. The hands hold a small image which
There
like the others is solid.
is nothing in the treatment of the
or in the treatment
in this or the figures just mentioned,
head-dress
of the parts of the body in general, to lead to the belief that the
attempt
was
made,
in these
carried
figures,
to
represent
children.
as if for suspension.
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Field
276
Columbian
Vol.
Museum?Anthropology,
II.
SERPENT HEAD-DRESSES.
to the various
In addition
been
described,
deserve
an
The
lid
upper
rounded
small
Plata.
There
The
is repre?
is prolonged
extent
decorations
pellet
interest
great
at La
found
their
from
treatment.
unusual
which
In PI. XCVI
heads
of
fragments
forms of head-dress
several
consideration.
special
remarkable
are
there
extreme
the
of
received
sides.
the
Over
extremities
has
surface
the
are
there
serrations
been
decorated
by
round
lines
while
masses,
and
the
front
circles.
perforated
The
band next the face bears a band of clay, terminating just in front of
the ear in a spiral and over the forehead in the open mouth, with the
On the lower side of this band are two
projectile fangs of a serpent.
A
close
lateral
feet.
inspection however, of the broad
reptilian
a
that
makes
the
itself
is
it
evident
band
component
part
appendage
of the serpent, there being an eye just above the mouth, while the
In the serration of the
band itself terminates in a double nostril.
we
band
have
may
in Yucatan
serpent
ear
project
up
over
out
over
in the preceding
In both specimens
pellets.
have
additional
the
and
the
side
of
the
America.
on
as
specimens
the other
in the
rather
being
in both
the con?
in which
specimens
down
face
South
here
common
serpent
plumed
and
form
A band
forehead
the
the
of Central
appears,
in detail.
than represented
the
regions
we
In PI. XCVII
ventionalized
of
representation
other
and
above
side.
suggested
The
specimen,
from
passes
bands
and
incised
as
lines.
three rounded
are
In PI. XCVIII
sented;
also
In PI.
bears
also
serpent's
XCIX
we
serpent's
head.
Fig.
a must
two specimens,
have
been
it bears a con?
head.
four additional
of the
representations
In Fig. a we have a fragment possibly from some
The head in this specimen as represented is un?
very large image.
a
with
bifurcated nostril and large eyes.
The body is
usually large,
heads
have
of serpents.
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of
Island
The
1901.
April,
La
277
Plata?Dorsey.
to the representations
In addition
other
few
FORMS.
were
animals
On
found.
PI.
of serpents
C
are
shown
just mentioned,
four
representa?
represent
the
of
caricature
face.
human
In
Fig.
d we
two
have
whistles.
made
BIRD FORMS.
In PI. CI
La
Plata.
considerable
pains,
but
are represented
Fig.
care.
do
not
such
a
represents
The
appear
feather
small
image
have
markings
to advantage
in the
of
an
owl,
been
made
found at
made
with
with
great
In Fig.
illustration.
form.
In
front
of a
cylindrical-shaped
object
is represented,
at the specimen
of a man.
Looking
probably, the outstretched form
can
be
the
bill
bird
and
of
the
from above,
clearly distinguished.
wings
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Field
278
Columbian
II.
Vol.
Museum?-Anthropology,
numerous
of
with
made
punctures*
parallel
sharp-pointed
instrument.
Fig. d may represent either a projection which origi?
as
an ornament on the body of some figure, or itmay be,
served
nally
as
it appears,
some
of
representation
fossil
spiral
form.
Figs,
e and
f are portions of small objects having short handles at one end, and
surfaces at the other, and near the center a slight
hollow globular
has
been perforated from side to side.
which
This swelling
swelling
is restricted both from the handle and the globular head by means of
an incision.
These probably were originally diminutive rattles.
is the
total
absence
or
of vessels
fragments
of vessels
hurried,
and
in many
cases
crude,
at
but
the
same
time
there
is
to strange
and
grotesque
forms.
In
many
cases
the
counte?
nance
tionalized
ornaments
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April,
The
igoi.
some phase
forms
Island
of character,
of arm
and
leg-bands
of
La
Plata?Dorsey.
279
ornaments,
revealed
in the
of fashioning
The many
fragments
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
It seems probable
that we have on the island of La Plata
evidence,
first, of the long occupation
by a people who probably
resorted here during certain seasons
of the year, perhaps
for the
In no other way can I account for the
celebration of religious rites.
enormous
accumulation
of ashes
and
charcoal
which
was
revealed
in
our excavations at the foot of the triangle, and in no other way can I
account
for the great quantities
of engraved
stones and of the
thousands of fragments of earthenware
images, which, so far as I
can determine, did not serve a utilitarian purpose.
That
the island
was not a place of permanent occupancy
is shown, I think, from the
absence
of objects representing every-day phases
of domestic
life,
such as we might naturally expect to find. One statement that I
have been able to find after careful examination
of the early writers
on the west coast of South America
is in this connection of unusual
interest. Cieza de Leon,
after speaking of certain events on the
mainland,
says:
There
is such
an
enormous
range
of variation
in
the
size,
character,
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280
Field
Columbian
Museum?Anthropology,
Vol.
II.
graves were not made by the people on the mainland, who resorted
to the island for ceremonial purposes and who practiced rites involving
great fires formany generations, but rather by some stray party from
to the Spanish
the conquering bands of Inca warriors, who, previous
their
had
of
extended
South
America,
operations north of
conquest
as
iswell known, made
the
these
Peru.
Quichuas,
During
operations
and at the time of its occupancy by
excursions to the coast of Ecuador
river
the Spanish they practically controlled the banks of the Guayaquil
to the coast
also descended
That parties of theQuichuas
to the ocean.
is entirely probable.
further north in Ecuador
on the island was quite
in excavation
That the time expended
of
to
the
exhaust
archaeological
discovery
inadequate
possibilities
there is no doubt, and it is greatly to be desired that some investiga?
tor may take up the work of solving some of the interesting problems
For such investigation, I believe, interesting
herewith presented.
results would
be the reward.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Gold
and
Silver
pl.
Images.
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xl.
field
columbian
museum.
Images
of
anthropology,
Gold,
Stone
and
pl.
xli.
Bronze.
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field
columbian
museum.
Earthenware
anthropology,
Vessel
pl. xlii.
from Grave.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Ceremonial
Stone
pl.
Axe.
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xliii.
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field
columbian
museum.
Perforated
anthropology,
and
Engraved
pl.
Stones.
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lvii.
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field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
Perforated
Stone
pl.
lix,
Beads.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Perforated
Stone
pl.
Beads.
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lx.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Rough
Mass
of
pl.
Serpentine.
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lxm.
field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Rough
Mass
of
Green
pl.
Marble.
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lxii II.
field
columbian
museum.
Beads
anthropology,
of
Pagodite
pl.
and Turquoise.
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lxiv.
field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Beads
of
lapis
pl.
Lazuli.
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lxv.
field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Beads
of
pl.
Agalmatolite.
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lxvi.
field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
a.
Small
Stone
Animal,
b. Cone-Shaped
pl.
Stone.
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lxvii.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Two
Earthenware
Images.
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pl.
lxix.
field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Two
Earthenware
Images.
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pl.
lxx.
field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
Image,
No
Head
pl.
Covering.
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lxxi.
field
columbian
museum.
Head
anthropology,
of
Image, Pyramidal
pl.
Projections.
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lxxii.
field
museum.
columbian
a.
Head
Head
and
of
Body
anthropology,
Image,
of
Image,
b. Body
of
Pyramidal
pl.
lxxiii.
Image.
Projections.
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field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
Head
of
pl.
lxxiv.
Image.
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field
columbian
Heads
of
museum.
Images,
Face
anthropology,
Bounded
by Broad
pl.
lxxvi.
Bands.
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field
columbian
museum.
Head
anthropology,
of
Image,
pl.
Ear Ornamentation.
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lxxvii.
field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
Heads
of
pl.
lxxviii.
Images.
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field
columbian
museum.
Heads
anthropology,
of
pl.
lxxix.
Images
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field
columbian
museum.
Heads
anthropology,
of
pl.
lxxx.
Images.
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field
columbian
museum.
Portion
anthropology,
of
Female
Image Holding
pl.
lxxxi.
Club.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Grotesque
pl.
lxxxii.
Heads.
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field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Grotesque
pl.
lxxxiii.
Heads.
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field
columbian
museum.
Fragments
ANTHROPOLOGY,
of
PL. LXXXiV.
Vessels.
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field
columbian
museum.
Fragments
anthropology,
Showing
Treatment
of
the
pl.
Nose.
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lxxxv.
field
columbian
Specimens
museum.
Showing
anthropology,
Treatment
of
the
pl.
lxxxvi.
Nose.
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field
columbian
museum.
Fragments
of
anthropology,
Images
Showing
Treatment
of
the
pl.
lxxxvii.
Eyes.
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field
columbian
museum.
pl.
anthropology,
lxxxix.
Specimens
Showing
Treatment
of
Lower
Extremities.
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field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
Images
with
a Bird
Resting
on
the
pl.
xcii.
Arm.
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field
columbian
museum.
Fragments,
anthropology,
with
Arms
Holding
Small
pl. xcih.
Jars.
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field
columbian
museum.
Fragments
of
anthropology,
Images
Showing
Arms
Holding
Small
pl.
Image.
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xciv.
field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Small
pl. xcv.
Images.
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field
columbian
museum.
Fragment
anthropology,
of
Image Showing
Serpent
Head
Dress.
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pl.
xcvi.
field
columbian
Fragments
museum.
of
Heads
pl.
anthropology,
Bearing
Conventionalized
Serpents'
Heaos.
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xcvii.
field
columbian
Fragments
museum.
of
Bodies
pl.
anthropology,
Bearing
Conventionalized
Serpents'
Heads.
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xcviii.
field
columbian
museum.
Fragments
anthropology,
Bearing
Conventionalized
Serpents'
pl.
Heads.
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xcix.
field
columbian
museum.
Fragments
anthropology,
Representing
Conventionalized
Quadrupeds.
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pl. c.
field
columbian
museum.
anthropology,
Bird
Forms.
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pl.
Cl
field
columbian
anthropology,
museum.
Miscellaneous
Objects
of
pl.
Pottery.
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Cll.