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What is hypothesis?
Observations
Observational techniques are methods by which an individual or individuals
gather firsthand data on programs, processes, or behaviors being studied.
They provide evaluators with an opportunity to collect data on a wide range
of behaviors, to capture a great variety of interactions, and to openly explore
the evaluation topic.
Interviews
Interviews provide very different data from observations: they allow the
evaluation team to capture the perspectives of project participants, staff,
and others associated with the project. In the hypothetical example,
interviews with project staff can provide information on the early stages of
the implementation and problems encountered.
Focus Groups
Focus groups combine elements of both interviewing and participant
observation. The focus group session is, indeed, an interview (Patton, 1990)
not a discussion group, problem-solving session, or decision-making group.
At the same time, focus groups capitalize on group dynamics. The hallmark
of focus groups is the explicit use of the group interaction to generate data
and insights that would be unlikely to emerge without the interaction found
in a group. The technique inherently allows observation of group dynamics,
discussion, and firsthand insights into the respondents behaviors, attitudes,
language, etc.
6) Explain the process involved in Questioner designing
There are nine steps involved in the development of a questionnaire:
1. Decide the information required.
2. Define the target respondents.
3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents.
4. Decide on question content.
5. Develop the question wording.
6. Put questions into a meaningful order and format.
7. Check the length of the questionnaire.
8. Pre-test the questionnaire.
9. Develop the final survey form.
Qualitative Methods
Methods include focus groups,
in-depth interviews, and reviews
of documents for types of
themes
Quantitative Methods
Surveys, structured interviews &
observations, and reviews of
records or documents for
numeric information
Text-based
Number-based
Unstructured or semi-structured
response options
No statistical tests
Less generalizable
More generalizable
between them
Or
The chi-square statistic may be used to test the hypothesis of no
association between
criteria
9.
Pearson Correlation
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation is one of the measures of
correlationwhich
quantifies the strength as well as
direction of such relationship. It is usually denoted
byGreek
letter .
10.
Spearman Rank Correlation or spearman rho
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient is a non-parametric measure of
correlation,
using ranks to calculate the correlation.
rs = correlation coefficient
rs > 0 implies positive agreement among ranks
11.
Regression
stopwatch when the patient is wearing a new type of lightweight KAFO and
again when wearing a conventional metal KAFO.
10. What is meant by factor analysis?
Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among
observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of
unobserved variables called factors. For example, it is possible that
variations in four observed variables mainly reflect the variations in two
unobserved variables.
11. What is confirmatory factor analysis?
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a special form of factor analysis, most
commonly used in social research. It is used to test whether measures of a
construct are consistent with a researcher's understanding of the nature of
that construct (or factor
12. Why cluster analysis is important?
Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a
way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in
some sense or another) to each other than to those in other groups
(clusters). It is a main task of exploratory data mining, and a common
technique for statistical data analysis
13. What makes a good report?
A well written report will demonstrate your ability to:
the names and locations of the companies that published your copies
of the sources
the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source
volumes)