A STUDY OF LEXICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO AREAS THAT

HAVE BORDER OF PROVINCES

REZQA GUSRIZAL
English Study Program, Islamic University of Riau
rezqagusrizal@yahoo.com

Abstract
This study used descriptive qualitative design. The subject of this study is
people that lived in Desa Tanjung Balik of West Sumatra Province and people lived
in Desa Tanjung Alai of Riau Province. While based on the interview that have
been answered by people, it can be seen that the people variations dialect.
This article is aimed to reveal two areas that of border which is original
homeland of Minangkabau people is Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan Pangkalan,
Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province and people in Desa Tanjung Alai,
Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province and to trace their
area based on dialectal variation in lexical.
While based on interview with this people in two area that have border the
researcher find areas have different dialects in lexical comparison but did not all
different, there are same phoneme in lexical comparison. Then, also the researcher
find information and the fact the two people lived in the border can mastered two
languages. Even, they can speak well two languages.

Key words: Language, Dialects, Kampar Language, Minang Language, Lexical

Comparison

Introduction
Human beings can communicate with each other. We are able to exchange
knowledge, beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats, commands, thanks, promises,
declarations, feelings only our imagination sets limits. We can express everything
with our body but our system of communication before anything else is language.
1

Language is one of way to people interaction and communication with other people.
According Walija (1996) language is communication that the most complete and
effective way to convey ideas, messages, intentions, feelings and opinions to others.

The language differences indicate a difference in the dialect of each region,

not only between regions, but between villages and even between jorong also have
different dialects. According to Chambers and Trudgill (in Nadra, 2006: 29), said that
the dialect is a form of language that is below standard, lower status, often regarded
as a form of offensive language, generally grouped as the language of the peasantry,
the working class, or other groups that are less prestige. Furthermore, dialects are
defined by Crystal (2004:116) as "subdivisions of languages". Spoken dialects are
usually associated with a distinctive pronunciation or accents. On the other hand, a
regionally or socially distinctive variety of a language, identified by a particular set of
words or grammatical structure is known as a dialect that may be different from other
forms of the same language (Hornby, 2004:346).
Indonesia is one of the most linguistically and culturally diverse nations in the
world. Over 550 languages are spoken throughout the archipelago and in 1945
Indonesian was selected as the official language of government, mass media, and
education. Although Indonesian is rapidly becoming the first language of many
Indonesians, especially in urban centres, many Indonesians still learn and speak
regional languages and their dialects (Sneddon, 2003). Social and regional varieties of
Indonesian and regional languages are dynamic and constantly developing. That is
why almost Indonesia people still used local language as their L1 or mother language.
Every area has different language. Where is example in Riau province they used
Malay language and especially in Bangkinang District the people used Kampar
language in daily activity, for example in Desa Tanjung Alai used Kampar Language.
Contrast with West Sumatra Province, the people used Minang language in their daily

live, for example in Desa Tanjung Balik used Minang Language. The both of village
almost same language but have different dialects in lexical comparison. Even the
areas have border to each other and the limits only province different.
Language is a collection of the phrases that contains of lexical and every
language have lexical that different with other language. Lexical itself to be related to
the original meaning and do not influence with context in the phrase. Desa Tanjung
Balik has differentiated lexical with Desa Tanjung Alai dialect, but also sometime
they have similar lexical between Kampar dialect used with Minang language used.
Chaer (1994:1) says that lexical is the meaning that appropriate with that reference,
the meaning fitted with the observation result of the senses or the real meaning in our
life. Between lexical and the meaning they have the strongest unit that make them
unity. According to Amfatur (2004) says that lexical is the meaning that has lexeme
although there is no context. For example horse lexeme has meaning lexical from the
animal that has four legs nd is riding on. The lexical and the meaning that has no
context that influence each other. Lexical or word change will give different meaning
of word in dialect, the meaning of the word should be suitable with the dictionary that
is created by the people as the standard of language. Robin ( 1991:22) says that word
meanings are what are sought and what should be provided in comprehensive
dictionaries of language. It means that word meaning in a language or in a dialect
should be having a correct reference. In additions, Cline (1999) says that if there are
choices between different types of definitions, the lexical definition is commonly
thought of as the real definition, and because it describes how words are genuinely
used.
Consider from the problems occurred in dialect of phonology in an area, the
writers were interested in doing further research in Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan
Pangkalan, Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province and people in Desa
Tanjung Alai, Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province

based on dialectal variation in phonology. The study was guided by the following
research question:
1. What are differences of dialect from the lexical comparison between
people

Desa

Tanjung

Balik,

Kecamatan

Pangkalan,

Kabupaten

Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province and people in Desa Tanjung Alai,

Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province?
2. What is the effect from they have border areas from the people language?

Method
As stated in the research questions, this study is focused on the comparison of
two areas that different province based study of variation dialects from lexical
comparison to people that lived in Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan Pangkalan,
Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province and people lived in Desa Tanjung
Alai, Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province. The both
have border to each other and the limits only province different. This research relies
mostly on the way people spoke and seen from their dialect phonology in language.
Thus, a descriptive qualitative design was chosen, for the researcher described two
people from two different areas and provinces. In the observation researcher field
notes, interview and video recorded to gain data.
In this research, the researcher came to areas and was interview with one of
people in the both of area. The researches choose the both of area because the areas
have border and the limit of areas is province different. In other hand the both of
areas have almost same language but have different dialects in phonology.

While the subjects of this study were Ibu Septi (44 years old), she is from
Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan Pangkalan, Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra
Province. And then, Ibu Rosma (43 years old), she is from Desa Tanjung Alai,
Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province. The both
womans have originally from the areas. So, it can be seen the differences dialects in
phonology from the two areas that have border.
Based on the research questions, the researcher formulates two kinds of data
and the source of the data for this study. The first data is from the video record. And
then, the second data from the field note that has been interview with the both of
people.

Result
Based on the research, the researcher concluded the two areas have different
dialects in phonology. For example the first, Ibu Rosma from Desa Tanjung Alai,
Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province said / olun sudah
makan lei / and ibu Septi from Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan Pangkalan,
Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province said / alun makan lai /., the
meaning in Indonesia language is / belum makan lagi /. The second Desa Tanjung
Alai language, Riau Province is / aiiu / and in Desa Tanjung Balik language, West
Sumatra is / aiu /, the meaning in Indonesia language is / air /. The third Desa
Tanjung Alai language, Riau Province is / Bawo ko maii / and in Desa Tanjung Balik
language, West Sumatra is / Bawo ka mari /, the meaning in Indonesia language is /
Bawa ke mari /.
From the three example word or sentences we can see the differences of the
dialect in lexical comparison from the two areas. In Desa Tanjung Alai, Kecamatan
13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province, they tend used in the

beginning word / o / and the last word / ei / which is in / olun / and / lei /. Then in
Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan Pangkalan, Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra
Province tend used in the beginning word / a / and the last word / ai / which is in /
alun / and / lai /.
In the same lexical that is used / u / in the last word but it is not all word same
phoneme. This example word that have same phoneme in / aiiu / for Desa Tanjung
Alai, Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar and / aiu / for Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan
Pangkalan. The meaning also same that is / air / in the Indonesian language.
In other hand the researcher get the data from the Ibu Septi and Ibu Rosma
after have been interview with them, the border of areas and the limits is the province.
They can mastered the both of language from the two areas, that is Kampar language
and Minang language. Ibu Septi from Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan Pangkalan,
Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province, in daily live she used minang
language but she can speak well Kampar language. Then, also ibu Rosma from Desa
Tanjung Alai, Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province, in
daily live she used Kampar language but she can speak well Minang language. They
have same reason, why they can master two languages. It occurred because they lived
in Riau - West Sumatra Street and their neighbors many from Kampar and
Pangkalan.

Discussion
The results of research and from analysis of data the above description, shows
speech community in the life everyday have differences and diversity of each region.
The differences it can be seen in the beginning and in the last word from the two
languages that have different areas and provinces. In other hand from the interview
researcher get information, the people that lived in two different areas that limit with

province different can speak well with the both of language, which is Kampar
language and Minang Language. So, they can master two languages.

Conclusion
Though from the research the researcher can get border and also have
different dialects in lexical comparison but did not all different, there are same
phoneme in lexical comparison. Overall the language almost same, the differences
only look from their dialects.
After that the researcher get information and the fact the two people lived in
the border can mastered two languages. Even, they can speak well two languages.
Suggestion
1. For the reader
This paper focuses on the comparison of two areas that have border and the
limit is province different. It may be useful for the reader to enrich the
knowledge about the variation of language and how to compare two dialects
in lexical aspect. Furthermore, this paper can be used as reference to conduct a
research about dialectical phenomena.
2. For the researcher
For the next researchers, there are many more aspects can be research in the
two areas that have border like geographical aspect historical language and
etc. Further researcher is needed to conduct more accurate data and enrich the
development of lexical phenomenon between people Desa Tanjung Balik,
Kecamatan Pangkalan, Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province and
people in Desa Tanjung Alai, Kecamatan 13 Koto Kampar Kabupaten
Bangkinang, Riau Province.

References
Chaer, Abdul. 1994. Lingustics umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Crystal, D. (2004). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford: OUP
Hornby, A.(2004).Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English.Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Robin, R. H. 1991. General Linguistics. New York: Longman
Walija. 1996. Bahasa Indonesia dalam Perbincangan. Jakarta: IKIP Muhammadiyah
Jakarta Press.

Appendix

Pict 1 : It is unforgettable moments interview in Desa Tanjung Alai, Kecamatan 13

Koto Kampar Kabupaten Bangkinang, Riau Province with With ibu Rosma on Wednesday,
April 8 2015, asking and answer about her background.

Pict 2 : It is unforgettable moments interview in Desa Tanjung Balik, Kecamatan

Pangkalan, Kabupaten Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Province with ibu Septi on Wednesday,
April 8 2015, asking and answer about her background.

10