5GRadioTechnology MPeeters

Cellular networks on the road to 5G: just more lanes or a junction?
Dr. Ir. Michael Peeters, CTO Wireless
20150609 Big Telecom Event, ATIS 5G Symposium, Chicago

1
COPYRIGHT 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
In practice, technology had 30 years of evolution and disruption

1990
1995
Year in commercial service
GSM
2000
2005
2010
Single carrier
TD-SCDMA
GPRS
2015
2020
TD-SCDMA
EDGE
E-GPRS2
CIoT?
WCDMA
PDC
HSDPA/
HSUPA
HSPA
HSPA
evol
TD-LTE
TDMA
LTE-FDD
CDMA
2G
1X
3G
FDD
4G
5G
Smooth evolution
EV-DO
rev 0
EV-DO
rev A
LTE-adv
LTE-adv
EV-DO
rev B
UMB
EV-DV
Agreed disruption
TDD
Disruptive disruption
2
WiMAX
16d
WiMAX
16e
WiMAX
16m
5G
5G ?
Just more of everything?
3.9Bn
720%
People connected
to the Internet
in 2017
Increase in
video traffic
20122017
More tablets sold in

2014 than laptops and
desktop computers
combined
Enterprise networking
market revenue in
2017 (US $)
10Bn
440%
2.3X
2X
Things connected
to the Internet
in 2020
Increase in cloud
and data center
traffic 20122017
Increase in mobile
broadband speed by
2019
Increase in cloud
computing market
20132017
3
320M
>50Bn
+ 4G/LTE addressing new markets

Fixed Wireless Access
Public Sectors
Public Safety/Defense/Govt
MOBILE BB
DIVERSIFICATION
Energy
Utilities/Oil & Gaz
Transportation
Railways/Highways/Aviation
4
Internet of Things
9 Key use cases @NGMN

Use case family
Example use case
Key technical requirement
Broadband in dense
areas
Pervasive video
Massive spectrum on small cell pushing need for new high band to achieve
traffic density of up to 750 Gb/s per km2 in dense urban
Broadband
everywhere
50 Mb/s everywhere
Significant improvement to cell edge bitrate to offer consistent user

experience at target bitrate over 95% locations for 95% of time
Ultra-low cost networks Flexible radio parameters for cost reduction when offering limited services
(<10 Mb/s, >50ms, <20 Device/km2)
Higher user mobility
High speed train
Flexible radio parameters for speeds up to 500 km/h
Massive Internet of
Things
Sensor networks
Connectionless service to offer scalable solution for device densities of up to

200kDevice/km2 and extended battery life
Extreme real-time
Tactile internet
Flexible radio parameters for low latency down to 1 ms
Lifeline
Natural disaster
High availability and service recovery resilience mechanisms to ensure

availability of basic communications (voice, text, etc.) with large battery life
Ultra-reliable
Public safety
High reliability rates up to 99.999% (5 nines) implying need to eliminate single

points of failure from network design
Broadcast like
Broadcast services
Reuse of SFN techniques from LTE to offer efficient wide area service delivery
5
Where does 4G stumble? = 6 requirement drivers for 5G

BROADBAND
Massive traffic capacity
Reduce Cost
Spectrum efficiency
Access new spectrum
INNOVATIVE
SERVICES
Flexible bearer design
3rd party policy
EXTREME DENSITY
Massive user density
User content
6
5G
MISSION CRITICAL
Very low latency
High reliability
High availability
Security
BATTERY LIFE
Signaling reduction
Energy optimization
NON TRADITIONAL DEVICES
Short packet
Sporadic access
More devices and more device types
amount of traffic/sub/month
A divergence is coming: 2 asymptotes
5G
Start of mobile
broadband. Usage
per subscriber
Mobile voice, traffic increasing.
scaling proportional
to number of subs.
3G
2G
4G
At the same time as ultra-broadband

continues to grow, the rise of M2M traffic
and number of subscribers causes diverging
requirements, both technical and
economical.
Mobile entertainment, total traffic

driven by average data usage instead
of by number of subscribers.
# of subscribers (= human or machine)

7
5G Vision
5G = unified
ecosystem
5G
5G Phase 1
below 6GHz
5G Phase 2
+ above 20GHz
2020
2022
Serving both
traditional as well
as potential new
applications like
drones, real time
video surveillance,
mobile augmented
and virtual reality,
IoT
8
Ultra-broadband
Offering higher bitrates
and supporting extreme
traffic densities for the
evolution of comms
and entertainment
Ultra-narrowband
Efficient sensing and
control added to LTE
broadband; massive
densities of low traffic
devices and bearers
But also
Ultra low latency

Mission critical specialized
services and immersive
virtual reality
But also
Consistent experience
Better bits rather than
simply more cheap bits to
offer a more wireline like
experience
Technology evolution
The broadband scenario is clear
WiFi
802.11n
802.11ad
802.11ac
2015
LTE
WiFi
WiFi
2017
LTE-A
LTE-U
direct path: continues to serve

tradional mobile BB case.
2019
LTE-A
evolution
5G
<6GHz
LTE-A
2021 evolution
5G
mmWave
trigger:
last drop wire/
fiber replacement
triggers: marketing;
latency for augmented reality,
games; enabling massive MIMO
9
ALCATEL-LUCENT PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL RESTRICTED SOLELY FOR AUTHORIZED PERSONS HAVING A NEED TO KNOW.
Technology evolution
The broadband scenario is clear is narrowband sufficiently important ?
WiFi
802.11n
802.11ad
802.11ac
2015
LTE
WiFi
WiFi
direct path: continues to serve

tradional mobile BB case.
2017
LTE-A
2019
LTE-A
evolution
5G
LTE-U
<6GHz
trigger: LTE control
overload; low latency
control & command
applications
LTE-A
2021 evolution
5G
mmWave
trigger:
last drop wire/
fiber replacement
triggers: marketing;
latency for augmented reality,
games; enabling massive MIMO
10
Narrowband and IoT: key requirements

Not just sensors, but a wide spectrum
Factor
Requirements low end
Requirements high end
Range
Peak data
rate
<100 bits/s UL (e.g. smart

metering)
> several Mb/s UL (e.g. security cameras)
10000
Latency
>1 s (e.g. smart metering

without control)
< 10 ms (e.g. ITS Intelligent Transportation

Systems - ITS)
100
Usage
<1 event/day (e.g. intrusion

alarm)
continuous (e.g. security cameras)
Coverage
Normal (e.g. outdoor devices)
+20 dB (e.g. indoor devices located in

basements)
100
Mobility
none (stationary devices)
seamless (e.g. ITS devices)
Device cost
not an issue
<4$ for e.g. smart meters
10
Battery
lifetime
N/A (e.g. remotely-powered

devices)
>10 years (e.g. smart meters)
11
Predominance of short packets, today

Light Background: DL Packet Size Distribution
Heavier Background: DL Packet Size Distribution
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
1
8
18
19
24
27
28
29
30
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0.3
0.2
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200
400
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
1400
0.5
0.4
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0.1
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1600
200
Light Background: UL Packet Size Distribution
1200
1400
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1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
1400
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
200
0.3
0.2
0.1
Data taken from 3GPP TR 36.822 v1.0.2
12
400
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
1400
1600
200
400
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
Gaming: UL Packet Size Distribution
0.5
0.5
0.4
1400
1600
400
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
1400
1600
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.8
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0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
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0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0
200
Interactive Content Pull: UL Packet Size Distribution
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60
0.4
1600
0.7
0.6
0.5
CDF
0.9
0.8
0.1
1600
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
0.9
0.6
CDF
CDF
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
0.8
Heavier Background: UL Packet Size Distribution
400
0.9
CDF
0.5
9
10
13
14
15
16
17
20
21
22
23
31
32
33
34
35
36
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38
39
56
57
59
60
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CDF
0.9
0.8
Interactive Content Pull: DL Packet Size Distribution
CDF
0.9
Gaming: DL Packet Size Distribution
CDF
CDF
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
0.1
200
400
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
1400
1600
200
400
600
800
1000
Packet Size (bytes)
1200
1400
1600
Burst profile from live LTE network in 2014

Combined uplink and downlink
BURST SIZE
NUMBER OF PACKETS PER BURST
burst size in bytes
number of frames/burst
1
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
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0.5
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0.3
0.6
0.5
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0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0 0
10
dormancy timer = 2 sec

0.9
probability < abscissa
probability < abscissa

10
10
10
log(burst size(bytes))
10
10
10
0 0
10
10
10
10
10
log(number frames/burst)
10
10
SMART PHONE TRAFFIC CAN ALSO BENEFIT FROM SHORT BURST OPTIMIZATIONS
13
So: Why do we need a new & unified 5G radio interface?
5G
When we talk about M2M subscribers, these are not just devices. Applications on
smartphones are already generating a large amount (30%) of short bursty traffic. Similarly
M2M gateways using cellular uplink will contribute to the total amount of narrowband
traffic. M2M subscribers = # devices # applications/device
Ultra-broadband already acts as a channel for part of the ultra-narrowband traffic.

The ultrabroadband track will require the integration of many different networks.
In order to steer traffic quickly, seamlessly, without impacting the end-user, an
efficient control system need to be present.
Efficient low latency narrowband communications benefit ultra-broadband as well.
14
Key 5G Technologies
Small Cells
mm
Wave
Ultra-narrowband
Ultra-broadband
Massive
MIMO
Radios
New
radio
I/F
Connless
vRAN
Consistent
experience
SDN
vEPC
vIMS
15
Ultra low latency
Policy
5G Radio: UF-OFDM
Filter added to OFDM
Designed to meet new requirements

- Contention based access for connection-less
services
- In-band optimization to devices and services
- Higher capacity
Universal Filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM)
Several tens of dB improved

out-of-band radiation
Rel. power [dB]
-10
-20
-
-
-
-
-
UF-OFDM
-30
CP-OFDM
-40
-50
-60
16
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency spacing in subcarrier steps
120
140
New filter stage applied per sub-band

Cyclic prefix replaced by filter time response
More tolerant to power and timing errors
Reduced guard band requirements
May re-apply huge knowledge base of LTE
processing
[1] F. Schaich, T. Wild, Y. Chen, Waveform contenders for 5G - suitability

for short packet and low latency transmissions , VTC14
[2] 5GNOW deliverable D3.2
5G Radio: Two new radio interfaces plus LTE and WLAN

5G
Driver
LTE Evolution
WLAN
Low band
(< 6 GHz)
High band
(>20 GHz)
Ultra
broadband
MIMO, HetNet and

CoMP features
Multi-RAT and Boost
Higher spectrum
efficiency
Peak bitrates
Massive capacity
Consistent
experience
Capacity
Capacity
Contention access
Massive capacity
Short packet
Low latency
Scheduled low
latency service
Ultra low
latency
Ultra
narrowband
MTC features (to

bridge gap until 5G)
Short range access
Contention access
Role
LTE coverage
5G capacity extension
Capacity extension
5G coverage
Specialized services
17
5G capacity extension in
dense areas
1. LTE with carrier aggregation and

dual-connectivity to small cell layer
Deployment Scenario
5G
2. New 5G carrier on macro layer: Wide

area coverage for new services,
improved efficiency and control
<6GHz
5G <6GHz
2/3G
Legacy
4G
4G
5G
>20GHz
3. Coverage extended on small cell

4. Massive capacity: Additional 5G
carriers above 20 GHz on small cells
5. Additional 5G carriers in cellular
bands on macro and small cells
5G
5G
>20GHz
<6GHz
4G
WLAN
4G
Macro
18
Small cell (indoor)
Small cell
NGMN: http://www.ngmn.org/work-programme/5g-initiative.html
GSMA: https://gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=141208-5g.pdf&download
ITU-R IMT-2020: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg5/rwp5d/imt-2020/Pages/default.aspx
3GPP: http://www.3gpp.org
5G-PPP: http://5g-ppp.eu
Alcatel-Lucent: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/solutions/lte-to-5G
19

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Cellular networks on the road to 5G: just more lanes or a junction?

Dr. Ir. Michael Peeters, CTO Wireless

20150609 Big Telecom Event, ATIS 5G Symposium, Chicago

In practice, technology had 30 years of evolution and disruption

Just more of everything?

More tablets sold in

+ 4G/LTE addressing new markets

Utilities/Oil & Gaz

9 Key use cases @NGMN

Example use case

Key technical requirement

Significant improvement to cell edge bitrate to offer consistent user

High speed train

Flexible radio parameters for speeds up to 500 km/h

Connectionless service to offer scalable solution for device densities of up to

Flexible radio parameters for low latency down to 1 ms

High availability and service recovery resilience mechanisms to ensure

High reliability rates up to 99.999% (5 nines) implying need to eliminate single

Where does 4G stumble? = 6 requirement drivers for 5G

A divergence is coming: 2 asymptotes

At the same time as ultra-broadband

Mobile entertainment, total traffic

# of subscribers (= human or machine)

Ultra low latency

direct path: continues to serve

direct path: continues to serve

Narrowband and IoT: key requirements

Requirements low end

Requirements high end

<100 bits/s UL (e.g. smart

> several Mb/s UL (e.g. security cameras)

>1 s (e.g. smart metering

< 10 ms (e.g. ITS Intelligent Transportation

<1 event/day (e.g. intrusion

continuous (e.g. security cameras)

Normal (e.g. outdoor devices)

+20 dB (e.g. indoor devices located in

none (stationary devices)

seamless (e.g. ITS devices)

<4$ for e.g. smart meters

N/A (e.g. remotely-powered

>10 years (e.g. smart meters)

Predominance of short packets, today

Heavier Background: DL Packet Size Distribution

Light Background: UL Packet Size Distribution

Data taken from 3GPP TR 36.822 v1.0.2

Gaming: UL Packet Size Distribution

Interactive Content Pull: UL Packet Size Distribution

Heavier Background: UL Packet Size Distribution

Interactive Content Pull: DL Packet Size Distribution

Gaming: DL Packet Size Distribution

Burst profile from live LTE network in 2014

NUMBER OF PACKETS PER BURST

burst size in bytes

dormancy timer = 2 sec

probability < abscissa

probability < abscissa

dormancy timer = 2 sec

So: Why do we need a new & unified 5G radio interface?

Ultra-broadband already acts as a channel for part of the ultra-narrowband traffic.

Ultra low latency

Designed to meet new requirements

Universal Filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM)