ESSENTIAL OF NETWORKING & NETWORK SECURITY

(CNW101)
ASSIGNMENT
TERM 1 2011
Instructions:
Answer ALL questions
Marks will be awarded for good presentation and thoroughness in your approach
NO marks will be awarded for the entire assignment if any part found to be copied
directly from printed materials or from another student.
Complete this cover sheet and attach it to your assignment.

Student declaration:
I declare that:
I understand what is meant by plagiarism
The implication of plagiarism has been explained to me by my institution
This assignment is all my own work and I have acknowledged any use of the
published and unpublished works of other people.
Students signature: .

Date:

Total number of pages including this cover page

Submission Date
Students ID
Students
Full Name
Lecturers
Name

12

Due Date
018800008608
Class Code
CNW101
Hewage Thilina Harshan Amarawansha
Mr. Tng Choon Hock

OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Markers comments

Markers name
T111 CNW101 ASSIGNMENT ANSWERS

Marks Awarded
Page 1 of 12

/100

Name of Student : Hewage Thilina Harshan Amarawansha

Student ID

: 018800008608

Module Code

: CNW101

Criteria

Base Mark

Graded Mark

(a). Provide the reasons, 60 Marks

advantages

and

disadvantages

and

functions of the

listed

communication devices:

i) Router
ii) Gateway
iii) Switch
iv) Bridge
v) Repeater

(b).Present

the

above 40 Marks

researched work in Power

point slides

Total

100 marks

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Comments

Router
A router is a computer or a network device whose software and hardware are usually
available to the tasks of routing and forwarding, generally with a specific operating
system (eg Cisco, Juniper Networks JUNOS and ISO or Extreme Networks XOS RA
M), NVRAM,

and one

or more

processors.

High-end routers prevent many

processors andspecialized Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and this

is

very good

deal of

parallel

processing.

As

always,

act with the

right software and product XORP PCs as routers.

Routers, two or more logical subnets, which do not come heedfully map one to
one on the physical interface of the router. The term layer 3 switch often used
interchangeably

with

the router,

but

change

is actually a marketing term without a rigorous technical definition.In marketing usage,

it is widely perfect for Ethernet LAN interfaces and not other physical interface types.

Routing
Routing is the process of taking paths in a network, where information or physical traff
iccontrol. Routing

is performed for many types of

networks,

including

fixed line, internet and transport networks.

Routing directs forwarding, formed in the course of logically addressed packets toward
their final estination via intermediate nodes, typically hardware called routers, bridges,
gateways, firewalls or switches. Ordinary computers with multiple network can forwar
dpackets and perform routing when theyare not specialized hardware and can tolerate a
limited capacity. The construction

of routing tables that

routers memory, very important for efficient routing.

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are stored in

the

Advantage of Routing
Easy to predict and understand small computer networks.
Robust against certain pathological problems such
as network routing convergence or external route spoofing.

Disadvantage of Routing
Require extensive planning and has a high administrative burden.
Not dynamically adapt to changes in network topology or material defects.
Does not range well in large networks.

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Switches
A network switch is a switching device that provides a data network. Data
communications in a computer network relates to the exchange of data between two or
more persons by communication links and sub networks connected. A network switch
is an intermediate station, the communication links and sub networks, the data
transmission between the terminals to provide to each other. Switching is the transfer
of information as digital packets or frames between the entities on the network.

His functions as an exchange and provides path-switching for data transmission over a
network. Typically supports a network switch, a network protocol (eg Ethernet), which
means that the switch manages data in a certain format. Switched Local Area
Networks with a network switch for supplying data frames between network stations
or other network nodes (such as routers or gateways). Each node is connected to the
network from one medium. A network switch for routing packets between network
buses includes a set of input switch ports for incoming packets received on the
network bus, a number of output switch ports for sending data packets on the network
out buses and a Switch Fabric for routing packets between the input and output ports.
Each input switch port includes a memory for storing incoming packets in a network to
the switch fabric can be passed to an output switch port.

The input can be any packet arrives on a bus network, a succession of cells of normal
size, which are efficient in uniform format buffer memory storage locations to the
entrance again can be stored them in the correct order to steer through the switch fabric
to a set of switches of the output ports. Each output switch port, a memory for storing
packets are transmitted by the switch fabric to send to the port can they go out on a bus
network. Each output switch port stores each cell in the direction of a gateway in its
own buffer memory. The output is later in the package in which they arise and then the
package to send to the outside on a different network bus.

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Network Gateway
A network gateway is an Internet system that works to connect two networks using
different protocols are based. A gateway can be implemented entirely in software,
entirely in hardware or a combination together. Depending on the type of network
protocols they support, network gateways operate at every level of the OSI model.
Because a network gateway, a statement from the edge of a network, you tend to
features such as firewalls integrate with it. On the homepage of networking, broadband
router usually acts as a network gateway, although a normal computer can also be
configured to carry out certain functions.

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Advantage of Network Gateway

A network gateway can translate information between different networks,
data formats or network architecture.
Most network gateways operate at the application layer.

Network gateway can also be operated on network or session layer.

Disadvantage of Network Gateway

Network gateways require greater processing limits due to protocol
conversion.
Gateways are slower than other network devices.
Installing and configuring network gateway is difficult, therefore, requires
special techniques.
Network gateway is more expensive than other devices.

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Network Bridge
A network bridge, also known as Layer 2 switch is a device used to connect two
separate computer networks or to share a network to develop in two. These networks
are generally not carry the same protocol, Ethernet is an example of a protocol.
Network devices include, but are not limited to personal computers (PCs), routers,
printers, hubs and switches are limited. Devices that a network using an Ethernet
adapter card, which has a Media Access Control (MAC) address, is known, and known
physical or hardware address. It is established that clearly address a device to a bridge
which then can decide which network is connected to the device.

The main function of a network bridge to send data to the MAC address of the sending
and receiving devices are based. This process helps eliminate what is known as
collision domains. One way to define a collision domain is a network that refers to a
device, also called nodes, allowing any device to visit, as the transmission of data
packets. Another definition states that a collision domain exists when trying to two or
more devices for information on the exact same time. Networking with Carrier Sense
Multiple Access / Collision Detection (CSMA / CD) should be stored in the theory of
collisions, but may fail CSMA / CD.

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Advantage of Network Bridge

Prevents Bandwidth Waste.

A network bridge managed inbound traffic and reduces bandwidth waste by avoiding
any unnecessary data flow between network segments. It effectively can provide the
best performance on both sides of the network segment. A bridge can be seen by
traffic police investigating the control of data protection and prohibit all unnecessary
traffic. Design Bytes waste unnecessary delays and slows network performance. A
bridge acts as a bandwidth monitor, so channeling relevant information and discarding
debris increasing throughput bandwidth. It may reflect as traffic shaping / management
of firewall.

Increases Network Length.

A network bridge increases the usable length of a network by connecting each LAN
segment. Networks can be segmented and met without the need to design IP subnets or
put through a router. A network bridge extends the size of the network without wires,
such as hardware, software, and restrictions such as firewalls.

Links Dissimilar Network Transmission Segments.

A bridge is possible, both same and different LAN segments. It could be for example
an Ethernet segment with a token-ring segment, so that both act as a double bed and
one with the IP address. A bridge connects LAN segments with different protocols,
one LAN segment to the Internet and a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to a
LAN segment. A network bridge is also used for two CSMA / CD LANs, and Token
Ring LAN connects with CSMA / CD LAN. It is necessary for several segments that
use different protocols to connect for data transfer have.

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Disadvantage of Network Bridge

All network bridges can not be read by the IP address because they are more
concerned with the MAC addresses.

Network bridges can not help myself to a communication between networks of

different architectures to build.

Network bridges transfer of all kinds broadcast messages, so bridges are unable
to reach the limit of these messages.

Network bridges are expensive if we compare the prices of repeaters and hubs to
it.

Network bridging is most suitable to be used for LAN network traffic data load.

Network Bridge is not capable of complex and variable data loading is treated as
done by WAN.

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Network Repeater
Repeater is a powerful network device that signals when they drive regeneration over a
longer distance, so the signal strength remains the same. Network repeaters are used to
establish Ethernet network. A network repeater is like the first layer of the OSI layer,
the physical layer. Repeater cable network for the needs of the 100-meter long cable
cover uses. Repeaters are used to receive signals from optical fiber, coaxial cable and
copper cable. The repeaters are designed to perform more important applications, such
as microwaves from a satellite to regenerate, and so designated repeater transponders.
Therefore, network repeaters are able to perform electrical and light signals.

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