LANDMARKS Be able to find ALL of the following landmarks Skull and cervical spine occipital bone & occipital protuberance (inion) earlobes, mastoid process & superior nuchal line transverse process C1 & spinous process C2 angle of mandible & vertex (top of head) vertebral prominence (C7), lateral masses Shoulder girdle and arm spine of scapula (T3), acromion process, coracoid process scapula acromioclavicular (AC) joint borders of scapula, inferior angle scapula (T7) head of humerus Back and Pelvis spinous processes & transverse processes rib angle 12th rib (QL attachment) sacral base, iliac crest posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), Anterior Superior iliac spine (ASIS) Iliac crest (L4) Ischial tuberosities Pubic Symphysis Lower Extremity femur o greater trochanter knee o popliteal crease o patella tibia o anterior tibial tubercle o medial malleolus fibula o fibular head o lateral malleolus ankle foot o calcaneous o navicular o cuboid o metatarsals o tarsal
Lab 2 Static Symmetry
I.
Document curves of the spine on the Osteopathic Musculoskeletal
Examination Form a. This is to get you used to/learn how to formulate your diagnosis b. Note: We have never had to fill out the exam form during a practical Normal (AP) curves of the spine o Cervicals - lordosis o Thoracics - kyphosis o Lumbar lordosis Postures Kypholordosis Swayback Increased lordosis Posterior pelvis Increased kyphosis rotation Anterior pelvis Head forward rotation Head forward
Military Anterior pelvis rotation Head back
Flatback Posterior pelvis rotation Head forward
Scoliosis (lateral curves) is named for the convexity of the curve
Left scoliosis/levoscoliosis RLSR
o o o
Right scoliosis/dextroscoliosis RRSL
Observe from Anterior, Posterior, Lateral
Stand behind when they bend over to observe rib angles Have them swing their trunk side to side Functional goes away when bent to a side Structural stays when bent to both sides
II.
Plumb Line for Sagittal Posture
Start at the ear and adjust to hit as many landmarks as possible Line should hit these landmarks: o External auditory canal o Head of the humerus o L3 o Anterior 1/3 of sacrum o Greater trochanter of femur o Lateral condyle of the knee o Lateral malleolus Use these landmarks to determine type of posture III. Symmetry (yet again) Compare sides of the body o Posterior Evaluation Earlobes Shoulders Angle of the scapulas Iliac crests Normal Anterior Posterior Rotary Greater trochanters o Anterior Evaluation Face Trapezius Body tilting or twisting Sternum pectus excavatum (bows inward), pectus carinatum (bows outward) o Check feet arches and leg length