Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DS/FFH Spread-Spectrum
Systems in the Presence of
Multipath Fading and MultipleAccess Interference
Mohammed M. Olama
Teja P. Kuruganti
Steven F. Smith
Computational Sciences & Engineering Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Xiao Ma
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept.
University of Tennessee
IEEE CQR 2012
Outline
Introduction
Types of SS Systems
Numerical Results
Conclusion
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for the Department of Energy
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for the Department of Energy
DIRECT-SEQUENCE SPREAD-SPECTRUM
Local PN Clock
PN Clock
PN Sequence
Generator
Carrier
DS
Signal
1
Wide
BP Filter
Data
Power
Spectral
Density
Local
Carrier
PN Sequence
Generator
Power
Spectral
Density
Narrow
BP Filter
Phase
Demod
fc
Narrow spectrum at
output of modulator
before spreading
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Frequency
Data
Clock
Power
Spectral
Density
Spread
RFI
RFI
Frequency
Data
fc
Frequency
fc
FREQUENCY-HOPPING SPREAD-SPECTRUM
Local PN Clock
PN Clock
PN Sequence
Generator
Data
PN Sequence
Generator
FH
Signal
RF
Frequency
Synthesizer
Wide
BP Filter
Power
Spectral
Density
Power
Spectral
Density
RF
Frequency
Synthesizer
RFI
t4 t2 t6 t0 t3 t5 t1
Frequency
fc
Narrow spectrum at
output of modulator
while hopping
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for the Department of Energy
Frequency
fc
Narrow
BP Filter
Data
Demod.
Data
Data
Clock
RFI
causes
errors
Data
Output
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
Time (hops)
PN Clock
PN Sequence
Generator
PN Sequence
Generator
DS/FH
Signal
RF
Frequency
Synthesizer
Data
Wide
BP Filter
Power
Spectral
Density
Power
Spectral
Density
RF
Frequency
Synthesizer
RFI
t4 t2 t6 t0 t3 t5 t1
Frequency
fc
DS (wide) spectrum at
output of modulator
while hopping
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for the Department of Energy
Frequency
fc
Narrow
BP Filter
Data
Demod.
Data
Data
Clock
Data
Output
RFI
Reduced
by DS
PG
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
Time (bits)
PN Clock
PN Sequence
Generator
PN Sequence
Generator
DS/FH
Signal
RF
Frequency
Synthesizer
Data
t11 t20
t40 t61
Frequency
fc
DS (wide) spectrum at
output of modulator
while hopping
RF
Frequency
Synthesizer
Wide
BP Filter
Power
Spectral
Density
Power
Spectral
Density
Local PN Clock
Frequency
RFI
t21
t60
t00 t30
t31 t41
Narrow
BP Filter
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Data
Data
Clock
Data
Output
t01
t50
t10
t51
fc
RFI
Reduced
by DS
PG!
t00 t01t10 t11 t20 t21 t30 t31 t40 t41t50 t51t60 t61
Time (chips)
Data
Demod.
(C4,F2,t0)
Code
(C2,F1,t0)
(C3,F0,t1)
(C0,F0,t0)
(C1,F2,t2)
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Time
MULTIPATH PROPAGATION
LONG-PATH REFLECTION
TRANS.
RCVR.
SHORT-PATH REFL.
Adder
Delay
Adder
Adder
Phase
Lookup
Quantization
Table
NCO
Phase
Phase
Offset
Quantization
Error
Dither
Number of users
Number of FH channels
K 1
Ph = Pk ( j users )
j =0
T
T = b Duration of each hop
L
T
Tc = b Chip duration for PN sequence
NL
K 1
j =0
K 1
Period of the
WDS
Bandwidth of DS waveform
WJ
WJp
PN sequence
j =0
L
L+1 d ( Ph )d (1 Ph ) Ld
d=
L
Number of FH channels
Tb
Duration of each hop
L
T
Tc = b Chip duration for PN sequence
NL
T=
Period of the
WDS
Bandwidth of DS waveform
WJ
WJ
PN
sequence
K 1 1
1
P( j=
users, no jam)
1
j M M
j
K 1 1
1
=
P( j users
, full jam)
1
j M M
j
Noise-to-signal ratio
JSR = N J / 2 PT
Jamming-to-signal ratio
Partial Jamming
W
M
K 1 j
1
M
No Jamming
1
P ( | j users, no jam) = Q
NSR / 2 + I k
j
Interference to signal ratio introduced by the other users hopping in user ks channel
q = WJp / WDS
M W 1
K 1 j
K 1 1
1
=
P ( j users
, partial jam)
1
j M M
NSR = N 0 / 2 PT
K 1 j
Full Jamming
1
P k ( | j users, full jam) = Q
NSR / 2 + JSR / 2 + I k
j
P k ( | j users, partial jam) q P k ( | j users, partial jam, corrupted portion) + (1 q ) P k ( | j users, partial jam, uncorrupted portion)
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10
Severe (~worst-case)
channel conditions:
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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-4
10
Error Probability
-3
10
-5
10
-6
10
-7
10
20 users
40 users
60 users
80 users
100 users
120 users
-8
10
15
10
SNR(dB)
20
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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-1
JNR=16 dB
JNR=14.7 dB
JNR=13 dB
Error Probability
10
10
10
10
JNR=10 dB
-2
-3
-4
15
10
SNR (dB)
20
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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for the Department of Energy
-1
Error Probability
10
10
10
10
-2
-3
-4
15
10
SNR (dB)
20
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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for the Department of Energy
10
Error Probability
10
10
10
10
1 hop/bit
3 hops/bit
5 hops/bit
7 hops/bit
-1
-2
-3
-4
15
10
20
SNR (dB)
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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for the Department of Energy
-1
10 hopping channels
20 hopping channels
30 hopping channels
Error Probability
10
10
10
10
40 hopping channels
-2
-3
-4
10
15
20
SNR (dB)
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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for the Department of Energy
-3
10
-4
10
-5
10
BER
-2
10
-6
10
-7
4 PN Code Length
10
8 PN Code Length
16 PN Code Length
-8
10
32 PN Code Length
64 PN Code Length
-9
10
5
SNR
10
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain
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for the Department of Energy
Error Probability
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
gamma=0.7
gamma=0.5
gamma=0.3
gamma=0.1
10
-4
10
15
20
SNR (dB)
Represents user
flooding in rough
terrain.
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No Hit
2% Hit
4% Hit
6% Hit
10% Hit
-4
10
BER
-3
10
-5
10
-6
10
5
SNR
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
BER
Two-path Rayleigh
chan.
P1: = 0, gain = 0.7
P2: = 0.3 s, gain =
0.4
Equal-bandwidth cases
DS SF = 16
FH: 16 ch., 4 b/hop
DS/FH: SF = 16, 4
hopping freqs.
10
-4
10
-5
10
-6
10
-7
10
5
SNR
10
Conclusions
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for the Department of Energy
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for the Department of Energy