Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea and Air
June 6-9, 2005, Reno-Tahoe, Nevada, USA
GT2005-68276
ABSTRACT
The high aerodynamic performance, strength reliability
and vibration reliability are three aspects of radial inflow
turbine impellers design. This paper mainly presents an
investigation on the first aspect but take into account the
strength evaluation for a 100kW microturbine unit. Firstly, a
thermodynamic design of the radial inflow turbine is carried
out, and some important parameters are obtained. Then, the
traditional cylinder parabolic geometrical design method is
applied to the impeller design. The results of FEM evaluation
show the impellers maximum stress exceeds the limitations
of the impeller material, and the magnitude of centrifugal
stress has distinct difference between the suction and the
pressure side at the impeller hub. Therefore, a positive axial
displacing method and its combination with skewing
technique are proposed and developed to solve the strength
problem, and the final impeller is designed with inlet relative
flow incidence angle of the impeller reaches -32 degree from
the radial direction. The numerical analyses using FEM and
CFD codes indicate that the final designed impeller satisfies
the strength requirements and shows good aerodynamic
performance. Furthermore, a 3D Navier-Stokes solver is
applied to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the radial
inflow turbine under stage environment and to investigate the
detailed flow characteristics of the final designed impeller. As
a result, the radial inflow turbine of 100kW microturbine unit
has high aerodynamic performance with good consideration
on the terms of turbine structure and stress limitations.
INTRODUCTION
Research on microturbines has been paid much attention
because microturbine is an important power unit for
distributed generation (DG) or distributed energy resource
(DER). As the radial inflow turbine is the key part of the
microturbine, the aerodynamic performance and strength
requirements of the turbine directly influence the economics
and safety of the DG and DER.
NOMENCLATURE
Cr3
m
m&
N
n
p 0
p2
R1
R2
R3
R4
R7
T0
U0
U2
Z1
Z4
1
3
B00M
Design parameters
Spouting velocity
p
T
m&
N
p2
0M
R
Z
M
2
4
Units
360.0
kPa
1173.15
1.006
kg s
61000
r min
106.77
kPa
outer endwall
0
B 02
Values
Velocity ratio = U 2 / V0
AEROTHERMODYNAMIC DESIGN
Fig. 1
Z0 = Z1 (R R1 )tan1 (R R3 )tan3
(1)
Z ' = Z (R R3 )tan 3
(2)
Y = aZ 't
(3)
t=
Z 0M
(4)
0
R M 0M tan B0M
Assumed a =
Y0
Z 0t
Y0 =
R + Ra
Z 0M
0
R M + R a t tan B0M
(5)
(6)
P =
IMPELLER DESIGN
The cylinder parabolic geometrical design method is
applied to generate the parabolic surface of the blade as a first
step. This design method can result in the ruled surface and
non ruled surface according to its geometrical characteristics,
but the aerodynamic performance of the blade for the ruled
surface and non ruled surface shows the similar aerodynamic
performance [6]. The pressure surface and suction surface at
the hub and shroud are generated respectively, and here the
ruled surface of the blade is obtained.
R + Ra
Z0M
Z' t
(
)
0
RM + Ra R t tanB0M
Z
Y0 + (m n) Z ' t n
(
) +
Z
Z
R
(7)
S =
Y0 (m n) Z ' t n
(
)
Z
Z
R
(8)
n=
4
+ Z 4 tan z + (R4 R3 )tan R +
2
2
2
Z7 tan z
R
2 + tan
(R R3 )
R7 R3
2
(9)
m=
1 2
R R
M
2
+ 2
(
0
0
0
3 sinB02
R2 RM sinB0M
sinB02
) (10)
Z' t
t = 2 (m n )(
) + n
Z
(11)
(a)
t = 4 + 2(Z4 Z)tan
Z
2
+ 2(R4 R)tan
R
2
(12)
Ra =
(b)
1030 MPa
(a)
(b)
(13)
(a)
(b)
Values
Units
4
Z
R
2
m
1
0m
0bom
1.1
1.0
5.0
0.6
1.65
5.0
38.0
28.0
mm
mm
mm
105%
102%
99%
96%
93%
90%
87%
84%
81%
78%
Case1
Case2
Case3
Isentropic Efficiency
Fig. 6
NUMERICAL SIMULATION
The flow field in the designed radial inflow impeller is a
Fig. 7
P.S.
P.S.
Shroud
Shroud
S.S.
S.S.
Hub
Hub
(a)
(b)
CONCLUSIONS
The investigations on the aerothermodynamic design,
impeller profiling design, and CFD analysis for aerodynamic
performance of the radial inflow turbine for a 100kW
microturbine are conducted in this paper.
The influence of the velocity ratio and exit flow
coefficient on the aerodynamic performance is discussed
based on the thermodynamic design results. It is found that the
higher exit velocity ratio should be chosen in order to
decrease the exit height of the impeller when the mass flow
rate has larger value. This can also decrease the stress level for
the strength design of the impeller.
The radial inflow turbine impeller, designed by the
traditional cylinder parabolic modeling method, is of general a
radial blade type, but its strength requirement can only be
satisfied when its tip speed is relative smaller based on the
FEM prediction. To overcome this shortcoming, a combined
design method with positive axial displacing and skewing
techniques is developed, and a new impeller is redesigned
with good aerodynamic performance and strength reliability. It
is found that the tip speed of the designed impeller can reach
about 600m/s while meeting the strength requirement of the
material. Also, large negative incidence can be adopted to
make use of the advantages of flow characteristics of the
radial inflow turbine impeller, and in the present case the
incidence of the impeller reaches negative 32 degree. The
complex internal turbulent flow characteristics of the designed
radial inflow turbine impeller are simulated using a 3D
Navier-Stokes solver, and analyzed in details. The results
demonstrate that the impeller has high aerodynamic
performance with good consideration on the terms of
microturbine structure and stress limitations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research work was sponsored by the National High
Technology Research and Development Program of China Design and Development of a 100kW Microturbine
(No.2002AA503020). In addition, the authors wish to thank
Dr. XIE Yonghui for his work on the FEM analysis of the
radial inflow turbine impeller.
REFERENCES
[1] Feng, Z. P., 2000, Technology Progress on Microturbine
and Its Application Prospect in China, Proceedings of
2000 Annual Meeting of China Association of Science
and Technology, Xian, China, pp.802.
[2] Feng, Z. P., 2001, A Proposal on Research and
Development of a 100kW Class Microturbine, The
Symposium on the Development of Gas Turbine
Technology in China by The Ministry of Science and
Technology, Beijing, China.
[3] Feng, Z. P., 2001, Microturbine Technology and
Application, Gas Turbine Power Generation Technology,
3(1), pp.9-16.
[4] Tan, C. S., Hawthorne, W. R., McCune, J. E., and Wang,
C., 1984, Theory of Blade Design for Large
Deflections, ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas