KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Phylum Arthropods (Arthropods)

Comes from the Greek words "arthro", meaning joint and "pod",
meaning foot
Joint footed with numerous paired appendages
Largest of all phyla
Found in almost environment
Sexes are usually separate
Digestive tract is complete
The body is covered by a chitinous exoskeleton that must be shed
during growth
Invertebrates
Bilateral symmetry- divided vertically into two mirror images
Nervous system is dorsal and the circulatory system is open and
ventral
Segmented bodies are arranged into regions- the head, thorax,
abdomen

1. Class Merostomata
o Aquatic type
o Cephalothorax broadly joined to abdomen on which are five or
six pairs of appendages
o Example: horseshoe crab
2. Class Arachnida
o
o
o
o
o

Usually terrestrial
Abdomen lacks locomotor appendages
Six pairs of appendages
Four pairs of walking legs
Examples: tick, scorpion, head louse, spider, and itch mite

3. Class Crustacea
o Most of them are aquatic
o Have two pairs of antennae, one pairs of jaw, and two pairs of
maxillae
o Body is divided into a cephalothorax and abdomen
o Examples: crayfishes, lobster, crab, shrimp and prawn

4. Class Insecta
o Mainly terrestrial
o Have distinct head, thorax and abdomen
o The thorax typically with three pairs of legs and two pairs of
wings
o Most important phylum of organisms
o Examples: grasshopper, fly, butterfly and mosquito
5. Class Chilopoda
o Terrestrial
o Body is long, flattened and 15 to 181 somites, each with a pair of
legs
o Legs are attached to the side of the body
o One long pair of antennae
o They are predators
o Example: centipedes
6. Class Diplopoda
Terrestrial
Body is cylindrical and not flattened
Body is divided into a head, thorax and abdomen
The abdomen has 9 to more than 100 double somites, each with
pairs of legs
o The legs are attached under the body
o Example: millipedes
o
o
o
o

Phylum Echinodermata(Echinoderms)

Comes from the Greek words "echinos", meaning hedgehog, spine

and "derma", meaning integument, skin
Marine animals
Endoskeleton
Non-segmented, no head
Radial symmetry- having similar parts regularly arranged around a
central axis
Presence of spines
Water vascular system of circulation
Open blood system
Reproduce sexually(produce sperm and eggs) and asexually
(regenerating lost parts)

1. Class Crinoidea
o
o
o
o
o

Flowerlike
Body is small and cup-shaped
Five flexible arms
The arms resemble feathers
Example: antedon

2. Class Asteroidea
o
o
o
o

Star-shaped or pentagonal
Five to fifty arms or rays not sharply distinct from central disk
Their skeleton is flexible, usually with short spines
Example: asterias

3. Class Ophiuroidea
o
o
o
o
o

Five long, segmented arms

Arms move like snakes, hence they are called snake star
Arms easily break when handled, hence, the name brittle star
Has great power of regeneration
Example: brittle star

4. Class Echinoidea
o
o
o
o
o

Body may be rounded or ovoid

Some are flattened, others are globular
Have no projecting arms
Body is covered with small or large spines
Examples: sea urchin, sand dollar

5. Class Holothuroidea
o
o
o
o
o

Body is bilaterally symmetricall

Have no arms
Mouth is on one end surrounded by retractile tentacles
Body is elongated or wormlike
Example: holothuria