Beruflich Dokumente
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PD
St
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BY HENRY SIRR
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CEYLON
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AND
It
is
PD
What Heaven
St
THE CINGALESE.
fruits of fragrance
What
de
sk
What
hills
expand
!"
Byrok.
PD
sk
de
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ia
Tr
PD
sk
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PD
sk
de
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l
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Tr
AND
HISTORY, GOVERNMENT,
RELIGION,
THE
OF THE ISLAND;
WITH
ia
ANECDOTES ILLUSTRATING
Tr
THE
MAKNEES AND CUSTOMS
ud
io
OF THE
St
PEOPLE.
BY
PD
HENRY CHARLES
SIRR, M.A.,
OF
sk
ANn
de
FOR THE
CIRCUIT IN
VOL.
I.
LONDON:
l
ia
Tr
ud
io
LONDON
G. J.
F
PD
sk
de
St
PRINTED BY
D.C.L.,
Tr
ia
&c.
&c.
St
&c.
ud
io
PD
BY HIS LORDSHIP'S
MOST OBEDIENT,
sk
/T
HUMBLE SERVANT,
de
"N
J^
THE AUTHOR.
PD
sk
de
ud
io
St
l
ia
Tr
Tr
ia
PREFACE.
the
ud
io
From
St
mation evinced by
in a
PD
which appeared
some portion of
sk
de
undeveloped resources
and
call attention
and
latter the
essential undertaking
ancient tanks
named
the
to
Newera-
long talked
of,
to its
last-
number
of,
for
if not all,
vm
PREFACE.
authors
in the "
Cinnamon
of interest,
every topic
sidered,
and habits of
As a book
its
and
its
the
glorious an-
mixed population.
we have essayed
racter
literature,
ia
and
tiquities
described
to
Tr
of reference,
The
glanced
at,
and
its
modem,
St
which
ud
io
is
includes a
complete account
PD
present period,
sk
de
We
tion
and
facts, to
show the
inefficiency of death,
New
Buddhism.
IX
CONTENTS
ud
io
Tr
ia
CHAPTER
I.
to
PD
ti-aders
liai-bour
St
Poiut de Galle
fort
.....
for
sk
de
plexion.
CHAPTER
Page
II.
CONTENTS.
rise to conjectures as to
who
CHAPTER
19
III.
Troops
Queen's HousePublic
in the FortPettah
Native tradersChui'ches, chapels,
and
table institutions Public
in the PettahNative
Slave Island Galle Face Colonial manners
The
climate upon the female character The
drive Beauty of the spotSunset Seabreezes E vening
CinnamonTribute
manded by the Portuguese Cultivation introduced by the
Dutch Value of the monopoly
the Dutch and English
governmentsDescription of the
Uses of every
portion of the cinnamon-laurelPeeling knives Number of crops in the yearPrei)aring the spice ChaUiasor cinnamon peelersPunkahsThe
of an unexpected downfall Dessert Crows, their boldness and
Colombo
Fortifications
offices
religious
chari-
offices
ia
police
Tr
effect of
fasliionable
de-
ud
io
Fii-e-fiies
to
PD
St
shiTib
CHAPTER
.39
IV.
de
sk
audacity.
result
Situation of
ter-
races
life
Artfficial
CONTENTS.
Xi
site
the valley of
of
tree
sce-
station
bii-ds,
rounding oountiy.
reptiles,
CHAPTER
sur-
.72
ia
V.
to
Dambool
-of
ud
io
of
Tr
Route
PD
St
situation, latitude,
de
sk
to
CHAPTER
VI.
Newera EUia The sanatorium of the islandThe roadMountain conflagration Convalescent station for the
militaiy,
established
1829 Cascades
of
Rambodde
fertile
CONTENTS.
Xll
produce
honey plant.
CHAPTER
.115
VII.
ia
is
bread-fi-uit trees
tree
ti'ee
tree
tree
soil
fertility
PD
St
trees
ud
io
Tr
rite
tisheries
de
sk
....
CHAPTER
at
134
VIII.
Natural histoiy
and Dionysius
to
tail
King
Tyranny
sljooting
CONTENTS.
Xlll
speci-
capello,
ia
attacking a cobra
Tr
charmers
....
ud
io
tribes
nests.
CHAPTER
St
IX.
Size, fertility,
PD
Mentioned by
and produce
Hindoo and
sk
Rome Account
de
given in the
in 1658
218
X.
when
the
CONTENTS.
xiv
Dutch
maiy
to the British
of the effect
Cingalese
the
by
siu-venderecl,
Ceylon
254
same.
CHAPTER
XI.
governor
Kandian war Fearful massacre of British troops
conduct of Major Davie
DastaixUy and
Extraordinaiy escape of two soldiers Summary of poIL
events False poUcy of General Macdowall Noble
conduct of Captain Nouradeen Braveiy of Major JohnThomas Maitland succeeds the Honourson Suable Frederick North The judicious rule of Governor
Kaadian character
ia
Fii-st
ud
io
Tr
officers
disgi-aceful
sk
North.
PD
St
tical
CHAPTER
.277
XII.
de
Adikar
Wila-ama's tyi-anny
Affecting account of the execution
Heroic conduct of the wife and son Babe taken from
the mother's breast to be decapitatedRebellion in
KandyMartial law proclaimedTranquillity restored
Dalada rehc Death of the King of Kandy Governor Sir
CoUn Campbell His policy Bishopric of Colombo conBishop Dr. Chapman His exertions
The
causes
and characterRebellion in Kandy The
disturbancePre*
New taxes and
of
From
1805 to 1844
Sri
Fii'st
family mm'dered
stituted
first
Piiests'
dissatisfaction
first
CONTENTS.
tender
proclaimed
His
progi-ess
from Kandy
at
Matele
of the police
St
F
PD
sk
ia
Tr
ud
io
de
PD
sk
de
ud
io
St
l
ia
Tr
ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOLUME
I.
View of Colombo
ia
Page
Chitty
Man
Tr
Man
Cingalese
"Woman
St
Cingalese
ud
io
Map
Frontispiece
11
279
282
284
PD
Ratramahatmeer
sk
VOLUME
de
Woman
IL
Frontispiece
.35
36
Buddha and
.116
Priests
Profile of Cingalese
Woman
74
PD
sk
de
ud
io
St
l
ia
Tr
PD
sk
de
ud
io
St
l
ia
Tr
82
SIO
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
Point Fe</ro
80 Ea^t
Fai>lis/ir/:t />y
Lon^xtwdbt.
W. S/u>^// , 2o,
82
Sll
OtMvUorou^A
.^reeii.
'
ia
ud
io
Tr
I.
St
CHAPTER
PD
Point de Galle
Canoes
de
sk
to
fort
for
plexion.
Prosaic language
is
inadequate to convey a
in the Cin-
abounds
poet's plume,
I.
The
extreme
fertility
of the
soil,
in the
neighbourhood
eye dwelling
which
encircles
sea
the
shore.
The
pellucid
on
the
bosom
Tr
ia
beams
and dashing
in
that
io
The harbour
of
ud
is
Point de Galle
lies
at
the
St
PD
Nature, and
sk
long.
is situate
lat.
in lat. 6
Skirting
59 north,
and
de
fantastic
ground are
cocoa-nut palms
into
many
In the back
(Cocos nucifera)
in a
tree,
gently to and
among them.
fro
the
as
moving
sea-breeze wantons
green less
colouring,
is
Tr
ia
Mingled with
St
ud
its
io
umbrageous foliage,
and enormous emerald-green leaves from the
branches are suspended the large round fruit,
(Artocarpus incisa) with
and
Near
PD
of luxuriant vegetation.
papaw
tree, (Carica
be
papaya,) the
sk
de
leaves spread
fruit,
forth
bright yellow
in
a parachute form,
the
beneath them.
Interspersed amongst these monarch s of vegetation are various other trees,
foliage, but of smaller
clothed
dimensions,
in
rich
contrasting
Imagine the
it
froth
remaining
it
pre-
is
cipitately driven in a
for
glis-
On
a few
of
the
in
all
European
the varied
vessels
are
hanging
Tr
ia
rays of Sol,
undulating bosom
the
swelling blue
in
prismatic
tints,
riding at
anchor,
graceful
festoons
io
absorbed.
ud
St
of the canoe
benches
tree,
to
with
one side
PD
is
sticks for
some transverse
sk
vessel to which
it is
de
These primitive
to
twenty
feet,
to three,
the three or
at
either
canoe.
extremity,
These
fragile barks
are
usually laden
vegetables, fish,
fruits,
other
or
shoulders
scarf, or
latter,
bare,"
handkerchief,
their
Tr
ia
of the head
ud
io
St
may be formed
PD
As soon as
England
arrives,
sk
de
indulgent readers
mendo," we
will
ar-
voyage, as
the
terra
a few hours.
The
it
may
only be
the
morning gun has boomed over the waters, wakening all slumberers, and those amongst the pas-
who
sengers
are
employed
home
packing up then*
in
soon
ti*avelling
first
off,
to take
them
to the
Tr
ia
shore.
full
strength
make
io
to
ud
tion of
St
ment of their
plans.
PD
numbers would
of futurity,
;
for,
in lieu of wealth
and
de
sk
casting the
red blush
the
orient
of
life,
what
like,
unclouded
of
sea, so
morning beams
his
man
is to be, until
splendour,
revels in bright
beams
hope.
*
tlie
To return
As
hastening
appear to
the
to
whilst large
The scene
craft.
steamer,
boats
way
be-
of confusion
inde-
Tr
ia
bear them
to
descend
baskets
carrying
ud
io
St
made by
party to
either
Then
arises
and
PD
English,
sk
tions
Cingalese,
French,
Tamil,
de
upon the
agility of the
native
around his
medium
with a very
to his
person
some
trifling
for sale,
article
fair
Then
Moorman
will follow a
with cotton,
on the
placed
cranium to protect
it
Tr
ia
of
shorn
his
io
showy
silk
ud
St
some
sk
men
PD
or curiosity to
at all
sell,
de
which he endeavours
as precious stones
to
first
palm
water.
with ivory,
for
sale.
the steam
by
all
lodging-houses
for
Jiottels,
by these copper-
are called
io
Tr
ia
coloured gently.
ud
traveller
fluently
in
broken
So soon
to
be found
in the parti-
felicity to represent.
PD
cular hottel
St
self or
trust
him-
a coolee that
de
to
sk
it is
his will
and pleasure,
that
in
dignity
by touching,
lifting,
When
or
carrying port-
or dressing-case.
bowing
el-
B 5
10
Most ludicrous
coolees aside.
who
of these half-castes,
contempt by the
dulged in at
landing-place
is
(or
in-
end of which
is
is
Tr
ia
The
the assumption
held in supreme
is
are
at
the shore
bam
Custom-house, and
baggage
is
consists
solely of
io
resemblance to a dilapidated
ud
to it the
if
St
it
effects, or if there is
If
the
reply
intermixed.
this
is
the
taken,
any merchandize
is
PD
satisfactoiy,
after the
the
owner
sk
be any mar-
de
ketable commodities,
tained to be examined,
Malabar
who was
a native of
Church.
velvet
The man
carried on his
Romish
head a black
which
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
CHITTY MAN.
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
11
cocoa-nut
oil,
being
ear-rings
upon
diameter, rested
fully
thirteen
these
down
inches in
Tr
ia
knot, close
the shoulders,
a square
io
and
barbarous decorations.
ud
to allow
to
St
round
PD
sk
de
his body,
of his
person.
his loins
by a
which
back, formed a
by
naturalists.
to
his
unshod splay
feet,
12
brown from
petticoat.
being
with
contrasted
the
white
umbrella,
bamboo
made
of black varnished
handle
paper, with
and we do not
being presented.
We
Tr
ia
upon a crowd
io
who throng
gentlemen"
to
to
St
by the desire
lated
ud
around them when they land, some being stimupurchase their goods, whilst others,
will
PD
staring,
open mouthed
stand
all,
sk
namely that of
down
de
pence.
The Fort
is
called, is
by the Dutch
after
indebted for
its
and symbol
13
to
garrisoned by a
the
company
and a detach-
Kaifres,
The uniform
Ceylon.
in
is
dark
green,
and
ud
is
stationed;
you enter,
by our own
PD
the ai'chway, as
St
judicious officers.
way, a sentinel
tenanted either
as
the
sk
Asiatics,
Ceylon
Malays make
when com
Under the gateand opposite to
manded by
and
ser-
is
of the
the
on
Tr
ia
Rifles
generally
io
vice
is
ment
Galle
or cock.
rock
for
the Cingalese
is
duty
is
the guard-house,
soldiers or
alternates
by the
between the
de
In
when
off"
may be
guard, and
if
our
men
and nuts of the areka palm and chunam, bespattering the whole
14
nor's
upon an
Situate
the guard-house,
is
when he
residence,
Galle.
visits
This
way
the date
the
local
inscribed, above
is
symbol
the
which appears
cock.
verandah exis
Tr
ia
introduced
ud
io
the botanical
St
of three
consists
sti'eets,
PD
built
sist
or
The houses
streets, are
but one
to
sk
story in height
these being
merely of ground
floors,
de
had an upper
that
called an up-stairs.
The
story
these
were
w^ooden
or
pillars,
verandah,
tats, to
in
subdue
front of
tlie
intense
inquisitive
passers by.
ciles in
composed
by the interlacing of
of the verandah
The
by rope.
15
to the roof
tlie
Tr
ia
thus
The rooms
met with
and
this
in all tropica
ud
countries.
is
io
arrangement of roof
for
tiles,
allowing a thorough
and large
used,
left
are
St
PD
and actions of
who choose
de
look,
by
sk
windows.
is
to
occa-
In short,
all
and being
in as
much
namely,
obtaining
poverty, com-
abject
7
If)
These men
poultry, saltpetre
fact,
descrip-
hardware, groceries,
fruits,
ble
all
traffic
is
to
be made. In
itself,
and where they can obtain exorbifor there are not more avaricious
usurers
the
in
certain,
world
Tr
ia
is
tant interest
than
the
Ceylon.
little
of
has
one
io
serious
ud
The town
esque
Moormen
drawback,
St
as
peculiarly unwholesome.
PD
procured in the
it
is
sk
de
The
carried to so great
is
if
is
produced by
they
call
it
is
a Galla leg.
purest description
is
Water
of the best
and
the fort, and the water-carriers gain a good livelihood by furnishing the inhabitants of the town
with this essential requisite to health and comfort.
17
fort is the
is
Established
the
Mahomedans being
The pettah or bazaar
market
with
in our phraseology
fish, fruits,
is
supplied
well
all
alike
edibles being
plentiful
trade at Galle
which
is
will
purpose.
St
de
was printed
we intended proceed-
in large type
" Fares
from Galle
lOs.
to
Mood-
10s.; proctors*
quiring,
to
to the coach-office to
sk
when we read
was necessary
if
PD
it
we walked
ing to Colombo,
details of
io
exports
ud
The
Tr
ia
materially
and
natives, 1.
we were informed,
there
Upon
in-
was no outside
all
belonging to
tlie frater-
18
was enforced
scale of charges
to
whatever part
In vain we expos-
cer-
and
our
tainly
ivas
lower
than a nobleman,
despite
smiling,
our rhetoric,
for said
and disclosing a
set of
we were
Mr. Christoffaletz
well-shaped white
native,
Tr
ia
or
teeth,
clusive, the
money was
sk
PD
St
hands.
de
io
can you.?"
ud
gentleman,
CHAPTER
19
tlie
io
G'oing to call
Tr
ia
II.
Description of the
Wild PeaKoyal Mails in
Bentotte
cock Guano
Eestive horses Anecdote Caltiu'a Beauty of scenery
Cinnamon plantationsPagoda The fashionable
quarter of Colombo Colpetty The Galle Face Curious
of the Royal Mail, gives
gazers at new-comers
Preparations
Departure
for
ud
you
St
PD
tree
Ai-rival
sk
rise to conjectures as to
who
de
The
eleven hours,
or
five
o'clock in the
morning.
It
not
and
this
20
selves
the
for
place
little
Asiatics,
fired,
we
walked
have
and
at Galle
most
of Ceylon, like
natives
about,
state of fusion,
by anathema-
tizing the
at
why
the
We
baggage.
is
reach the
dim
closed, the
Tr
ia
and
office,
lamp
is
all are,
and
St
ing
is
ud
Not a sound
io
is in
These
PD
are
sk
we have abridged
de
coach
the
beyond
waiting
endurance, we
lustily for
for
us.
batter the
Exasperated
house-door
at last is
who
too good.
Why
is
inquires in a sleepy
"Want, eh?
that's
master, being
21
The coach
?"
apologies, orders the coach to be prepared forthwith, calling loudly for the horsekeepers.
gentlemen are
still
revelling in the
These
arms of Mor-
Tr
ia
horsekeepers are
(to us),
away they
some
unintelligible jargon
St
aroused, and
ud
of the
faculties
io
awakened do-
PD
sk
cle,
the baggage
is
de
to the vehi-
short that
is
allowed to
or
each coolee
is
long before
it
can be either
conveyance, as
and
lift
that a port-
22
On
this the
luggage
rests,
one
by pieces
Tr
ia
dignified
and we
The
sers.
trust
ud
edification,
io
St
nothing
upon
to
be
to,
and bear a
resemblance
faint
PD
sk
The
de
The
made
roof
is
and varnished,
and supported by four slender
rods,
coach.
To
jolt
of the
to protect the
up
to
passen-
admit a
passage to the
The
air.
23
gers in the
horsekeeper,
self
who
Tr
ia
of.
starts forth.
Put
and worn
fibre,
ud
stuffing,
io
which the
this
fed,
St
PD
harness,
sk
de
all
minor obstacles
sur-
and we
en route for
The morning
breeze
and pleasant,
is cool,
We
all
to
worthy of observation.
in
the tropics
24
by
the
non-existence of
immediately
sun sets
the
moon
twilight,
it
is
almost
and
in
re-appears.
for
dark,
leisurely
on
its
rising
as
gra-
Tr
ia
on
vehicle,
tilted cart,
ud
around.
St
all
looking
io
like a coquettish
PD
This machine
answer
sk
in
to
is
called a bullock-bandy,
it
is
de
that
and finding
Along the
in
extreme luxuriance
25
(Panclaenus) flourishes
is
way with
especially when
young beams
sun's
it
The
appears
Upon
reality.
io
than sober
river,
reflected.
like
coach
are
ud
more
is
is
and
St
the
prospect
Tr
ia
scene of surpassing
beauty.
On
floats the
bosom
PD
the
sk
de
over,
Areca
and drooping
;
among
the
green.
ferry,
the
constantly-varying panorama of
nature, becomes,
if
possible,
still
hues on one
yoL,
I.
side, its
its
more enchantever-changing
26
Cocoa-
avenue
Tr
ia
peacock, with a
shrill
ud
Startled
io
of leaves.
flight, his
way
to a noble
ebony
tree,
may wend
and alighting
his
there,
PD
will
upwards, or he
flight
wings his
St
sk
Sometimes a
de
guano
creature.
little
is
him
to pursue, or enti-ap a
But
see
and
calculated
more
agile
his
ill
road in
legs,
little
animal,
and with a
bound
to
another
27
pursuer.
and we
These hideous
five
and
it is
feet
blow of
be broken.
They
their tail a
man's leg
will
your
Tr
ia
io
treess
monkeys,
ud
St
on the earth
it
young
then run
PD
despite the
who
sk
drawers,
antic,
de
It
convenience, thus
would be impossi-
distance
seventy,
the
without
seeing
fi-om
much
less
Galle to Colombo,
toddy-drawers
pursuing
their
liquor
is
nut palm,
(Cocos nucifera,) in
is
its
fresh
state
a sweet refreshing
c 2
28
L'EYLON
beverage
the
when fcmiented,
intoxicating
The
known.
plished
it
becoines
which
of
qualities
arrack,
thus accom-
is
the
resistance
him
to
well
are
offered
by
the
and
it,
enables
ligature
down
of slipping
Tr
ia
summit of the
the
is,
the
man
reached where
ud
the flower
tree is
io
When
Some
the incision.
St
])ut
PD
de
ropes, to enable
other,
them
to
ascending
see
fruit.
sk
To
diem
these
and, although
men
to the
of descending
and
most unpleasant
it is
clinging with
hands and
to
feet,
to
When
sixty to one
hundred
feet.
The appearance
6
of a
chatty
of
toddy
25)
exceedingly
is
the classical
tlieh-
erratic
and
and horses
self-willed in
St
their
but, as drivers
io
To speak
in
re-
Tr
ia
semblance
ud
their
to
Go-
PD
sk
de
we never found
in
in
vellers
Europe, Asia,
speak
America)
took
from
every
pay as much
or
personal
Africa,
advantage,
making
is
we
of
tra-
(for
knowledge
a lovely spot,
and
the
Ben-
rest-house
fur
30
Ceylon,
is
lirirther
however,
left
and there
guiltless of
one
in
of
the
when we
and a bedstead,
curtains,
sleeping-rooms.
rats,
Tr
ia
Mosquito
and
io
good.
from
our own,
the flavour
is
it
has
whence
its
PD
]nxrt,
It is
of a purplish tint,
St
differ materially
is
ud
met
sk
de
to
the shore,
the
hold
" Peter
and requesting us
to
The scene
take
that
is
we think
sequently
the adjurations
31
description, con-
it
the
driver
by defective
horses, endeavouring,
spelling,
to
you
is,
you seated
is
in the cocJi,
being-
Tr
ia
affirmative
An
put to."
We
ready."
we
io
is
as ready to go as
ud
now, as you
diffi-
culty one
was harnessed
creature's
St
to the
PD
sk
was possible,
head.
During the
it
de
as
hazardous perfonnance
of
state
of delightful
expectation.
let
32
either side
an
celerity of
Tliis
horse
plunged
iJie
other
violently
forwards,
whilst
move
Now commenced
who
thus alter-
aiately
Tr
ia
kirn
Thump, bump on
io
rout yer
ud
went the butt end of the whip, the driver stand" Dr.
is eels lill
be in
battering
were
my tnout
away
in
the
at
PD
bits
St
(They
splash-board.)
"
Another heavy
blow,
sk
doesn''t
if
yer
which com-
de
both horses
at full gallop,
and
catching
"
Now,
along
the
boo-tifu\, its
made
it
of
away.
</o
when we
screen
and dragging
osses
do
33
15
fights
Prins, he
he
he to us
sells
call the
on, for
we
giv
Prins,
and
is
oss
it's
for Dr.
but he
that
Tr
ia
squeal so
traces."
ivicious,
is
and
Although we
ud
io
St
The noble
PD
to
Ellia,
The
was regarded
(almost
though of a
the
fruit,
Newera
that
around
and imposing
river being
with
tamarind,
is
equalling
less bold
banks of the
water's edge
The
treme,
cargo.
its
de
^salubrity,
its
sk
river divides
freight-
is
stately
and jack
character,)
wooded down
palms, noble
trees.
Galle,
to the
bread-
Scattered be
c 5
34
the pomegranate-tree
with
bright scarlet
its
delicate white
its
blossom, and the tube-rose shrub, loading the atmosphere with the fragrant aroma of their flowers.
On
the ]3ellucid
Tr
ia
which resembles
is
possible
to
St
as glorious as
ud
io
our
conceive
and
the
situate in
of trees,
rich groves
PD
sk
this
float
de
which
the yel-
of the newly-caught
and
Combine
bosom of
members
miles, as
35
clad in
its
greatest beauty
when
young
it
first
puts
leaves then
On
drink
to
The
able.*
and
it
foliage
of
Tr
ia
this
is
splendid,
io
fruit;
by the branches,
and there
ud
earth,
St
which
PD
is
and
it
sk
circumference,
de
feet in
much
larger space.
* This tree
affirm the
is
Bo-tree
(Ficus religioso)
is
it,
emhlcmized in the
held sacred by
and that
all
religion of Ceylon.
tree.
who
tlie
The
Buddhists,
36
to,
we can speak as to
when its
illuminated by myri-
fire-flies,
holder.
lombo,)
large
ground
floor,)
bungalows,
Tr
ia
on
the
surrounded by highly-cultivated
five
PD
do by half-past
Hyde Park
Then
of the colony,
sk
attained
in the
St
ladies, hastening to
ud
io
it
is
de
inmates of
all
is
attached, the
Royal Mail
is
dis-
new
believe us, no
for,
no presentation
land,
at a
37
town
in
drawing-room, of beauty
For
a colony.
arrival in
Eng-
in
new
a colony everybody
Tr
ia
St
ud
io
of luggage have
jolts
been disposed
and jumbles
sk
tum
PD
own
of,
the Royal
halting-place,
de
to the colony,
an opinion
Every eager
concerning
the
listener then
new-comer's
.38
profession,
or
each individual
with,
avocation, surmising
may
in his peculiar
I
niucli
or be interfered
gain by,
calling
how
by
this,
or those
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
39
III.
Colombo
Tr
ia
CHAPTER
Chiu'ches,
St
drive
Evening
PD
fashionable
breezes
upon
Fire-flies
sk
de
governments
The
The
and chari
PettahNative
chapels, religious
ud
Native traders
io
Description
the
Dutch and
of the slmib
Uses
Englisli
of every
pected downfall
Dessert Crows,
their boldness
and
audacity.
Colombo
is
40
50" east.
79*^
Tlie iiarbour
is
and
long.
semicircular, but
being compelled
within
it,
any
vessels of
Tr
ia
reef,
carried
at the
St
is
on
ud
is
io
Coolees,
oil,
bundles of the
PD
cocoa-nut
fibre,
sk
hustle
baskets of the
and sacks of
shrill
grain,
cry
of the
de
this is
part of the quay, boats loaded with various commodities, either endeavouring to land the articles,
or take
them
to
the
song.
41
monotonous
polite,
ers to perform
and
with
their task
caution
celerity.
in Cingalese historical
it is
recorded that
mentioned
is
Tr
ia
Colombo
io
PD
St
ud
lamha derived
import, but
sk
it is
little
name
de
Calamha
Colombo, in honour of
their cele-
we
The Fort
promontory, which
is
had taken
commenced
is
built
erecting
on a small
for
more
42
than half
Dutch
extent,
its
after they
The
souls.
half, the
ramparts being
by European
troops, the
Tr
ia
&c.,
io
When
the governor
of the troops
civilian,
like
but,
when
the present
his
Excellency
Governor, Vis-
is
St
command
is
ud
is
PD
sk
The
in
street
de
markably wide,
and
kept
the
Fort
called
is
which
street,
is
re-
scrupulously clean,
for a
is to
be found in them.
height
of which
is
stands the
ninety-six
sailors
affirm
43
clear
Near
at sea.
the
to
situ-
that
General Post
Office,
]irincipal Library.
From
side
the
these
in
situated
are
right
at
off,
and
Hospital,
European com-
ud
All
angles,
Military
the
Museum and
Medical
the
branch
streets
the Banks,
Presbyterians,
Scotch
the
of
Tr
ia
English
io
of the
the merchants
of the
all
St
PD
earned
de
which
street of
is
dity is here to
Every
warehouses.
net to a
to
is
origin,
and stores
and
article,
sk
on in every saleable
imaginable
commo-
ship's
saddle,
fr-om
in short,
it
to
strong
would be impos-
44
enumerate
sible
to
sale,
and
^Yllat
equally
vend
traders
their
demanded
is
European shop
the Fort.
positively
goods
at
one
at the principal
In the Pettah
is
edibles of every
number
Tr
ia
description
in
the
for
what
say
to
we can
Moreover,
situated
men have
these
impracticable
streets that
in the
street,
and
io
ud
St
flowers,
PD
Dutch
protestants,
sk
de
church of the
all
the
island.
remains of
dans
their
mosque,
and
the
Mahome-
Brahmins
their
elephants,
lions,
and
tigers.
In
belong
45
tion,
Need,
Government
Schools,
Leper
the
The
institutions.
and
Supreme
in
and
other
Court
and
Fiscals'
is
maintained
a very limited
Tr
ia
Public order
similarly
organized to those
of
our
io
who
or were
so
when we
left
efficient superintendants.
Colombo of
But zealous
in the
as Messrs.
St
tendence
two most
ud
tous, and, as
to
visit
would
sit
down
number
of
some shady
and eventually
in
de
the policemen
a street or
left
sk
district
PD
visit
of
This
same dress
exception of the
efficient
as the
liat,
a peaked
most ludicrous, as
(.?)
London
b\-
46
cp:ylon
and on
also
this the
is ill
comfort,
their
cap
Their European
rests.
the
stiff
most
trousers, being
ments of the
tight
collar,
coat and
and
have
their clothing is as
it is
to their
Tr
ia
little
attire
ease.
The
artificial
lake of
and
Sir
io
of the Fort,
ud
is
carried to the
named Slave
Island, so called
by the
the lake,
St
sea.
PD
sk
built, these
de
were
tion
and unclosed
of slavery,
at sunrise.
all
bungalows
for
One
47
fashionable
the
is
evening,
from
When we
first
the
drive
or resort in
hours of
seven.
until
five
arrived in Colombo,
we
the
felt
much
Excellency's
would
carriage
drive
round
the
Tr
ia
as
them high
in
to civilians,
some
or to
ud
members
position, as
io
St
it
PD
Surely
demeanour,
sk
courteous
individual
who
is
deemed a
his sovereign, to
de
by
proper
fit
respect
by a
for
the
It
who have
ment.
tone
of conduct
assumption
permits
us
of most
colonists
is
one
of
own experience
many endea-
if
48
undue
familiarity
superiors,
Although we thus
that
many
lose
fi'om a residence in a
We
colony, or presidency.
to say
countrywomen
fair
attractive attributes
to
believe a lengthened
is
it
Tr
ia
mental as
to the physical
powers of the
io
ud
Thus,
in India,
after
its
own capa-
China, or Ceylon, a
woman
loses
dence
St
suffi-
PD
sk
to corporeal or
mental exertion.
de
little
The
routine of
variety under a
morning
is
the
in
tries to
this gossip
dame
in the East
is called tiffin.
tiffin,*
pay morning
liiuclieou in
England,
49
visits,
in
For
is
;"
bands
can
severely
is
to
how
supply them
to
criti-
their hus-
with
this
io
afford
make
retires to
evening drive, or to
"
one
fair
Tr
ia
an elaborate
ud
St
in, if
of
sibility
her
preclude
the
sk
which,
if
to
poshis
to this
de
flirtation
may
PD
censurer of ex-
may be formed
Let
colony.
it,
be
who
it
condemn
from
oiu-
we have
I.
50
domestic
and
duties,
the
cultivation
of their
have done
in
Europe.
penning the
we
pang
feel a
line, to say,
of regret whilst
such estimable
women
when removed
some
if
restraints of
Tr
ia
female character
io
of the East.
ud
and horses
St
PD
de
sk
stranger seeks,
eyes,
Albion's
veyance
daughters.
is
to
Long Acre
built carriage
of the
The horses
by
51
their keepers,
keepers in Ceylon,)
conveyance,
drives
commodating
their
Tr
ia
and many of
io
their
Galle Face,
is
The view
to the strange-
St
ud
is
you
will,
the
by the extreme
There lies
involuntarily arrested
PD
gaze
sk
de
gliding over
the
natives
over
its
with
a ship in
full
sail
lightly
floating on,
and skimming
and
rolling,
shore.
is
the carnage-drive,
which encompasses greensward, whereon highbred Arab horses are bounding and prancing, in
the full enjoyment of exuberaiit health
istence.
On
is
and ex-
the race-course,
D 2
52
ing
divides
greensward
is
Colombo,
of
the
baclv of the
whose
drooping palms,
Tr
ia
At the
branches
with
overshadow
lily
is
verandah
St
of which
ud
and white
io
grounds belonging
to
it
being
filled
with gorgeous-
PD
sk
de
the
of
Colombo.
In due time, smiset arrives,
then
away,
in
ever-varying
tints.
No
53
gaze, fade
language can
and
setting in
the tropics
hues
and numberless
constantly-changing
the
orator,
now dipping
is
he almost
Tr
ia
See Sol
to delineate.
io
gloriously refulgent
the
is
St
How
beams.
lurid
sun's hue,
arch
sinking,
is
ud
bosom he
lower
to illumine
low^er
another quarter
PD
beams.
sk
and,
as
they
are
become most
wafted
de
freshing,
across
re-
the
invigorates the
now seem
gentlemen
gallops,
to
eques-
indulging
the
The
in
occasional
tlie
vigorous
be
somewhat
less
listless,
and
will
gaze
54
around,
enter into
or
animation
of
degi'ee
arrest the
owner,
and
progress
horse's
retail,
some
conversation with
to
salaam his
fair
so
their
to
'tis
death to us."
may be
As
the
io
sport
Tr
ia
St
fall,
ud
the rum-
PD
When
waves
sk
tlie
de
fire-flies,
air,
clouds of them
flitting
about in the
Some few
the lotus,
will
settle
two or three
minous insects
will alight
specks of
light.
wing
their
will
upwards
tall
Many
banana
leaves
will
the
until
air
beams.
a million minute
innumerable numbers
Then,
flight
55
then
settle,
on a
possibly
specks of
upon them.
fire
natural
panorama
and although
moun-
io
Face of Colombo.
and
characteristic,
tlie
truly
of the Galle
vicinity
St
one, than in
ud
in the
may assume
Tr
ia
PD
sk
still
the plantations
de
and
still
is
It
has been
cinnamon
the captain or
is
apparent at sea,
some one
else
for,
if the
it is
when
56*
lias
rubbed a portion of
sails,
to
We
mystify travellers.
aromatic effluvia
of peeling
upon the
iVagrant oil
tlie
admit that an
is
is
is
namon-peeler
is
we
are perfectly
would not be
felt
Tr
ia
neously,
and were
and
that
it
would be
ud
io
ceived at sea.
endeavoured
St
of the
was introduced
early
traders,
sk
pabane
(Ceylon)
de
when speaking
among them
looking,
Ceylon by some
although
prove
strangely, in
that
to
be indigenous,
to
into
PD
])ut that it
as to be per-
not
mentioned
included
indivi-
among
was celebrated.
ject farther, or
authorities,
and
'to
To
using
57
This
it
shrub
mental
and unnecessary
treat principally of
to the Portuguese.
the
attracted
as
notice
the shrewdness
D' Al-
of
and observa-
if
organization
of
discoverers,
instantly
Tr
ia
Ceylon, after
we
became known
purpose
to
Ceylon was
become.
eventually
first
In
1505,
io
would
spice
ud
monarch of Colombo
to the
Portuguese to
St
the
we
year,
for the
find the
traffic
PD
by
sk
This
de
given.
and,
with,
culti-
1G40,
we
find
D 5
by
58
by
made
tions were
and in
until 1770,
this
resolved to
for
the
In this he was
who
chiefs,
tuitous
assurances,
Tr
ia
be deteriorated by cultivation.
io
gTeatest
care.
and
throve,
upon
their cultivation,
when
sud-
St
capital bestowed
ud
Falck
instituted
PD
the
cause
that the
of this
rigid
investigation
had employed
sk
chiefs
men
de
offenders were
shrubs
ensued.
no
Many
vation
the
destruction
The reason
w^hy
chiefs, was,
only in a wild
state,
of the
the
of
and
severely punished,
attempt at
ulterior
pour
to
into
when
culti-
by
the
it
grew
as
no European
59
his health, or
life, in
was produced.
the forests
Kandian provinces,
where
best cinnamon
the
In the second,
it
had become
bruited that
it
government,
if it
for
the
executive powers.
of the
benefit
affiiir,
we cannot
io
ud
age,
Tr
ia
and
in the path
St
soil.
PD
sk
de
the
touch
stick,
(the
grew on
their property
also
sprouted
from
the
when a cinnamon-laurel
earth's
bosom,
or
severe
60
Every cinnamoii-slnub
\vas declared to
be the
sole
man's grounds
into a
and,
to
if
Tr
ia
The Portuguese
were
hard task-masters
in
io
ud
Dutch had
St
The
sj)irit
of avarice so
Dutch
PD
of the
when
the
sk
de
to
keep up the
From
obtained
we
learn
that for
When
the island
came
into
II
Company
()1
payment of the
was ultimately
increased to one hundred thousand, which sum was
received by our government until 1823, when the
right of cultivation and sale reverted to the
Crown, and the amount realized by the sale of
cinnamon varied to an almost incredible extent,
India
for the
yearly
sum
of sixty-thousand pounds
the
annual receipts
this
fluctuating
between
fifty
])Ounds.
Tr
ia
monopoly was
instituted,
and
io
ud
St
Many
improve-
PD
A cinnamon
somewhat resembles
sk
plantation
indivi-
ai'e,
by
de
and these
may
will occasionally
The propagation
cinnamomum
and
is
conducted with
(}'2
soil,
to
the depth of
many
inches
is
as fine as moist
sugar,
grey
an appropriate
alike thriving in
with caution,)
tint,
tricts,
layers of black
under
sandy
cinnamon plantations
in all
and
infest
in the island,
Tr
ia
abound
It is re-
soil.
a proverb with
ud
many
And
io
"plenty
St
namely
requisite,
sand,
PD
The
of
shining green
plenty of
when amved
and
of a dark
when
at maturity, but
as
sk
de
oil is distilled,
cinal puiposes,
many
uses.
and which
The
is
cinnamon
applied by us to
blossom
from this
is
is
medi-
for
it
pure
acomripens
green to purple,
and
which
made
frequently
is
an
63
candles,
into
perfume whilst
agreeable
burning.
fit
state, the
if
The
is
used
knives
in a
fit
for
state
Tr
ia
by the cinnamon-
side,
ud
convex on one
io
The bushes
PD
second
sk
the
The mode
de
January.
the
finest
quality.
The
August,
is
fine.
remarkably
St
first
year, the
is
following:
between
November and
of obtaining the
cinnamon
The leaves
and placed
in heaps, the
peeler
makes an
G4
from
all fleshy
baric
tiie
The
man
tlien
spreading
the
cinnamon
spot, so as to enable
The
sun's rays
is tied
from
fifty
market
all
moisture
up
to
is
From
for sale.
is
St
weighing
sent to the
is
fluid
is
procured, and
PD
de
that cannot be
sk
momum
man.
io
when
ud
and,
mon
Tr
ia
cinnamon-peelers
by these people
dian provinces.
unfortunate Rhodia
is
in the
Kan-
The abodes
C5
window
alike
way
in the frame-work.
ally
The dining-room
gene-
is
and
in this
Tr
ia
usu-
io
their
suspended
is
ud
St
As we have a
sk
PD
de
dwelling resembles.
of
w^ood,
In the
first
longer
considerably
an Eastern
place, a frame
than
wide,
is
attached a deep
frill
flounce we believe
to
be
The frame-work
is
suspended from
the
punkah
is
attached a very
66
which
through a pulley
pulled
by a man
stationed
The
is
is
punkah waves
and
to
fro
very
artificial
wood-work and
calico,
Tr
ia
eight.
is
ninety-
to
ud
io
There
where the
quantum
will
it
never
is
St
is
sus-
PD
It is very,
sk
de
call
at last, in a
out to the
fit
of
punkah-puller,
?"
The
an energetic
earnest, as
much
?"
pull
one
as to say, "
You
in
Does
right
good
that please
hear a sort of
rustling-
67
your meal.
utterly desti'oying
all,
"to pull strong," but even the downfall of a punkah, under different circumstances, excites dissi-
human
breast.
you rave
at
Tr
ia
If this contretemps
will
make him
stamping,
fuming,
PD
it
St
this
let
and the
you
that
broken,
But
fury.
is
fretting,
vow
that
all
ud
&c.
&c.,
&c.,
replace
io
sk
de
quietly
rising
from
serviette in wiping
vegetables and
and a
fall
fish,
claret jug,
deposited by the
punkah
of the aforesaid
in
tone of voice
of
is
mild,
Your
68
" That
it is
to
mode-
him by remarking
it is
just like
The
your
for
host thanks
consideration,
and prolix
Tr
ia
becoming
again
You beg
of
in
him
to
away
the debris,
and see
if
some edibles
ud
to clear
io
St
PD
It
sk
the invariable
de
upon the
consists
table
of
custom
to place
every
variety
of
dessert
although this
tropical
fruit
in
upon a
the
little
by
its
travels.
We
69
face, as
garnished with
fruits,
him
Tr
ia
io
His neighbour,
gusto.
ritably disposed,
and an old
is
may whisper
liver,
and diseased
produce cholera
de
with an
I
;"
avidity
;)
it
(the plate is
" eat as
the least."
the
air of
would advise
sk
likely to
to
PD
you not
cha-
which
resident, in
St
case he
if
ud
is
very
pushed
much as you
harm you in
yellow man,
We
the
morning.
immense
Colpetty
these birds
abound
in every port of
70
are
more manifest
elsewhere.
their
and more
glossy,
in short,
No
haa, kha
bers.
sooner
haa, kha
haa,
Tr
ia
did the
thicker,
their loud
is
The boldness,
io
We
ud
fly
of
St
bread, and
fly
PD
other marauders
with
at table
off
hop on
it,
although there
we have witnessed
sk
movements of the
de
the
on
some
article of food,
and make
their leisure.
We
devour
it
at
71
but we
own
we had
bodies.
christened the
old
soldier,
whom
(from
his
Tr
ia
for
to
ud
io
at the creature
PD
snap or bark
St
would then
fix
or
avail
de
coveted morsel.
the crow
opportunity to
sk
itself of this
and perch
tlie
ti'ce,
under
dog would stand angrily barking, as he
u]) at
in security, that
teeth.
IV.
Tr
ia
CHAPTER
rl
io
Situation of
ter-
St
ud
races
life
Ai'tificial
sk
PD
gi-eat
de
site
tree
sce-
tlie
hill
birds,
reptiles,
siu--
roiuiding comitry.
is
situated
summit of an extensive
which
lies
is
The
the sea.
7^21' N. and in
lat
feet
fertile valley,
Kandy
crossing
route
the
80"
long.,
Colombo
distance from
seventy-two miles,
78
the
government of
Sir
Edward Barnes,
tlie
to obviate the
cross
Mutwal-Oya
the
Tr
ia
boats, to
which delay
when
to serious results,
the
For the
ud
io
is
first
eighteen
of the
same
is
manner
cultivated in a different
to
that rice
St
PD
district
it
sk
in
is
more general
de
the usual
mode being
centre of the
paddy
to
make an
field,
to
sow
it
in
and construction,
elevation in the
is
a smaller
the artificial
mound.
Every
l)y
VOL.
I.
it
mud
to
separated from
walls, in
which
descend and
E
irri-
74
And
is
paddy
still
con-
by the ingenuity
terraces,
is
everywhere
and
alike,
growing
Tr
ia
paddy.
io
ud
gradually
the
latter
is
when
and,
it
is
covered with
elm,
St
ble.
air
of"
sk
The
yellow
irs
indescriba-
is
PD
de
high
are
no longer
the
visible,
first,
and a
very short cloth or petticoat being used as a substitute for the last.
is
palm being
wav
to
its
and
some
75
temple, are
southern province
traveller's
among
country and
mind, that he
a people totally
characteristics,
in all essential
in the
around tends
in short, all
to
to
is in
dissimilar
lowland
the
Cingalese.
The road
to
Kandy
is
skill
as
the hilly
and movmtaiii-
Tr
ia
masterly manner
io
St
ud
the Rest-house at
delightful.
lombo,
is
thirty-five miles
Co-
from
PD
Ambepusse, situated
sk
a valley that
formed by a semicircle of
de
to
hills,
it
Ambepusse
district
is
alone dis-
is beautiful,
exceedingly
districts,
debilitating
and
its
soil fertile,
unhealthy,
the
fever
and ague.
tlie
resi-
liable
From AmbeE 2
76
land in
sugar,
is
whole route,
tlie
for
coffee,
traveller's
eye
the mountain-zone
place,
commences
latter
in all its
At the
first
view
Tr
ia
stretch in
Kandian monarchs'
io
daries of the
ud
for
tenitories, and
more than three
war
and English
St
districts,)
We
PD
all
farther
believe the
sk
compared
de
modern
to
first
sistants,
tropical sun
those
and
unskilful
unwilling
who executed
We
labourers,
sphere.
inefficient as-
know
human
life,
we
numbers of our
77
regret to say
were claimed by
officers
tlieir duties.
cended
bounded by dense
forests,
and
rocks, whilst
Tr
ia
lands,
is as-
the clearness of the atmosphere enables the traveller to see the undulating lowlands stretching far
As
mounwound
ud
io
on one
St
side,
PD
traveller's'
if
sk
then the
de
be scarcely room
stand
and
on,
sufficient
the
for
the vehicle to
strongest nerves
may be
earth
To
is
this
terminated
78
in the distance,
notice
during
Pass
nearly incredible
is
of
sublime
down
ing
The combination
crest
his lofty
the
ascent
frightful
of
the
Kadaganawa
abysses,
Tr
ia
Terrific chasms,
and over-
attained,
when
the
ud
tain is
io
each other
St
many
to
PD
utterance
sk
tlie
The
de
freshness
si)lendour of the
of
the
own
littleness.
atmosphere, and
by
the
all,
those
who
are
nature,
bilities,
we never knew
sensi-
II
and cooler
land, they
behold again,
while
mountains
air recalled
native
their
79
never
might possibly
tains they
England,
Ireland,
Scotland,
to those
in
Wales.
or
is
Tr
ia
io
ud
diversified
PD
St
Every
sk
young
the
which
will
assuming a
from
trees,
de
its
leaf, to the
tint of
verdure
is to
sombre
tint of maturit}-,
brilliant
parent stem
it
drops
by
speckled serpent
the
warmth,
may be
occasionally
80
retreat in the
underwood,
to
enjoy the
itself
power
full
may entwine
some
wing
tree in pursuit of
by
to elude
deadly fangs,) or
would be impossible
It
to
enumerate a
tithe of
are to be
met with
Tr
ia
garden
but what
the
io
large
is
ud
and
it is
w^orld,
St
all
its
words
splendid beauty.
PD
adequate to describe
The
by most
it
de
call
sk
settle
the disputed
for disputation,
tion
of this
we
name
celebrated palm
which
varies in
feet.
The
feet,
for fans
and
Under
81
The
was
to
have
and continuing
three months,
bloom
in
yellow,
Tr
ia
the
as
Near
tree, the
bay
io
ud
tree (Laurus,)
a species of Coreopsis
St
PD
rock are clothed with luxuriant balsams, (Impaticus coccinea,) whose delicate white, and brilliant
sk
de
shining foliage.
this
palm,
see a future
chapter
E 5
82'
ties.
lizard,
may
upon a small
rest
is
spotted like
tree frog,
and the
may be
Tr
ia
tree,
latter
io
ud
It
PD
by
ment
sk
of enforcing his
maybe
harnessed to a roughly-made
St
a tame elephant
walking quietly
commands by
severity, the
pon-
de
earth
of a well-trained
and
in
air
this
little
fertile
In
child.
island
fact,
teem with
man
whose
sole
aim
alike a wide
is
field
for
tions.
is
Pera-
its
83
seven
feet,
Mahavelle-ganga.
under the
The
superintendence
were maintained
by
that talented
was
afforded
facility
Tr
ia
in
celebrated
the
of
for
io
indigenous
ud
as Dr.
tree,)
St
to the island,
fi'om the
mountainous
district,
whose
PD
mens
Among
sk
Madagascar, called
friend,"
owing
to
Every member of
this tribe is
outvies
its
Traveller's
ful,
de
species of
is
that
when punctured.
exceedingly grace-
now
alluded to far
84
in regular gi-adations,
it is flat,
specimen
we have
although
tliis
formation
its
lei-chee
St
attention,
did
PD
otherwise
might
sk
shape of which
is
delicious, varying
plum
de
small
have
done.
The
oval, is considered
in size
a tough,
thin,
size,
that
fiaiit,
in
we
the
extremely
from a damson to a
is
eaten,
trees,
this
we
excessive
its
ud
natives of China
much
The
io
and
loveliness
most
is
if tlu'ee
The
is
same beautiful
dinary
the
is
Tr
ia
of the stem.
is
a semi-
contained
when dried
and can now be
is
served;
Chinese,
is
as delicious a
be imagined.
85
to this species
admired
in size
their
universally
are
and
colour,
suspended from
the bark
they
nevertheless
growth,
full
is
and the
fruit
grows in bunches
lofty as a full-grown
oak
now
Tr
ia
and
large
those
al-
size.
io
ud
Mahomedan
is
and
;
St
This
giant's tree
be found in the
a tamarind
tree,
indicus,)
enormous
PD
island.
is to
burial-ground at Putlam,
the height
is
in
this
(Tamarindus
size the
ninety-eight feet,
sk
and
is thirty-
into
de
feet,
ference.
The
size annually,
and that
it is
but of a smaller
jungles, but
is
twenty-one
feet in circumit
increases in
86
CEA-LON
which
variegated timber,
often manufactured
is
into furniture.
The
diva,
beautiful
as
is
well
Lanka
imagination
of
trees,
enormous
girth
in height)
when
clear
waters,
enchantment than
an amphi-
their
St
and,
lake's
theatre,
in the
io
The mountains
the
scene
is
This
reality.
more
artificial
like
Avhose
Tr
ia
verdure
lofty
perpetual
ud
by
PD
to
sk
the owners
to yield
which he forced
;
to labour without
de
sands of
him
labourers
victims
score
after
to the
stagnant waters.
Notwithstanding
fell
all
the atro-
it
is
three
the
length,
in
five
87
breadth at the
feet.
at the
hills,
is
sheltered
Tr
ia
Colombo.
or
small
island
artificial
an
is
io
Kandy
ud
capital,
St
of
since
it
the palace,
and,
PD
is
suffered
fearfully
destruction
much remains
show what
still
sk
of our troops,
we have
magnificent decorations
its
hour of pride.
de
its
The massive
art,
to
in
solidity.
From
the ])Hlaee to
for
casions
public
rejoicing
and
upon
festivity
oc-
and
88
Alas
we
grieve to say,
elegant structure
this
vestige
will
it
Kandy
of interest in
The
remain.
it
time not a
them
we omit
of
insalubrious, as
is
rmming
io
and the
lies
effluvia
from
ud
streets,
it
at either side
filth,
St
of the principal
Improvements were
these receptacles of
is
Kandy
o])en drains
in a basin,
will
especial
Tr
ia
The town
objects
and tombs
not re-
is
great
be
mention of them here.
hill.
absolutely pestiferous.
PD
it
will
ratio to
be years before
de
(if
sk
all la-
effected.
The
called
and
and the principal market
south
Streets,
the
and
for edibles is
On
either
side
shops, Avhere
of the
the
streets
are
indolent owners
small open
sit
chewing
89
Spread upon
and productions.
sorts of spices,
all
the small
from
oval
to the
in-
are
rice,
chillies,
Tr
ia
white
green and yellow plantains, and mat bags containing curry stuffs, coffee,
and
sugar.
In one
io
may be
corner
ud
and undivested of
covering.
Occasionally
cocoa-nuts
St
divested
these
articles
are
so
is
PD
that one
sk
When a
is sufficiently
de
cles,
roused from
his favourite
the
him
traffick in the
cheapest
he has
probability
stufi'
for sale.
requires
fruit,
or the costli-
The
a fanam's-worth of curry
amount
is
asked, until
90
fraction
by
agreed
to
fraction
is
be taken
as
much vehemence,
as
if
three
and
energy,
gesticulation,
at stake,
instead of three-halfpence.
relatives
in
Tr
ia
and palace,
now
is
called
Malabar
deeming
The
Street.
it
io
and which
essential to
ud
constmct
and chiefs
St
liance
PD
all
their
re-
dwellings
them with
with
tiles,
or
de
sk
straw.
\^"as
A Kandian
all
the streets,
by
91
can be obtained in Kandy, but on account of the expense attendant upon inland
aiticles
The
religious
and public buildings are of the same deColombo, but their number
materially less.
A very handsome church was
edifices
scription as those at
is
built
Bishop of Colombo.
Tr
ia
first
was performed
Kandy
ambassadors,
St
The town
is,
ud
kings of
by the
io
PD
troops,
sk
and many
de
are
European vegetables,
by the
and tended
taking pride
in,
the
men
tion, that
years,
92
and
commodious,
are
in
comparatively
good water
water
difficult to
is
bed of Kandy,
hill sides.
for
the
en-
is
and,
of Great Britain.
although this
PD
is
frequently
It is
that
St
are cognisant,
too
who
Asiatics,
is
io
is
abode of one
government of
with the
moreover,
Tr
ia
calculated
trusted
the
is
ud
lion,
all
appliances of state,
the
admitted theoretically,
disregarded
practically,
it
is
and
de
sk
man,
all
same Rajah."
Surely
it
is
quered,
and wish
to
(whom we have
suitable
we
con-
at
93
This building
is
elegant
for
proportions.
The
house
sur-
is
surface
of this
handsome
edifice
Tr
ia
is
whole
of
io
appearance of
commands a view
The
pavi-
St
lion
ud
and
it
PD
adjacent country
every way.
sk
site
The house
stands
in
the
trees
de
at regular intervals
exotics,
and
to the
on which
94
is
recollections, for
it
was
is
it
and
in this vicinity in
The
who commanded
man who alike disgraced
of the
;
officer
and humanity.
round the
Pavilion
is
still
name
Lady Horton's
called,
ud
of
hills
Tr
ia
that winds
io
Sir
laid
Wilmot Horton,
Edward Barnes, and the road
who succeeded
and
road.
The
rapid suc-
St
PD
hills,
on which
sk
From
de
cerned.
to the
the
level is sixteen
hundred and
fifty feet
above the
over
is
it,
feet.
mile beyond
thousand three
Hoonasgiri
hundred
again
feet high
towers above
the
this,
is
four
Peak of
and the
its
crest towards
95
all,
the
one hundred
feet.
From
Lady
other parts of
Tr
ia
Kandy,
is
situated
io
The
upon one-tree
hill,
ud
communiis
distant
and
is
PD
it
St
and
commands
this part
sk
On
approached by mountain
and through one of these ran the cele-
every side
is
de
passes
Kandy
proved of
The road
tunnel was
turn the
This
9j8
Edward Barnes,
British
power
session
to consolidate,
after
so to speak, the
Kandy came
into
our pos-
re-
countrymen beheld
his
their hearts
failed
was
their destiny to
io
it
them, but,
men walking
they then knew
completed, and
it
this
when
task commenced,
Tr
ia
The tunnel
w^as
ud
St
is
impassable.
(collapsed,
and bridges,
PD
now
This
sk
de
our government, as
the native
it
By
dynasty.
Council, in 1832,
all
compulsory
services,
and
and abolished.
some
rare
and valuable
was fomid
at that period.
97
Wild animals and game abound in the neighbourhood of Kandy, as the jungles and forests
afford them safe retreat.
For as the surrounding
country consists alike of mountains and valleys,
hills
and
dales,
woods and
rivers
plains,
and
Tr
ia
io
who
Edward Barnes'
ud
tion,
We
officer's asser-
government, he had heard continually after nightthe shrill cry of the elephant, and bellowing
St
fall,
and
certain
was
strictly
as
sk
correct
close to the
We feel
PD
affirm, that
de
when pressed by
drowned
in the wells.
Much
now
cleared away,
the
I.
"^
98
we
Neither can
a black scoi-pion,
tribe,)
fully
nine
(the
most venomous of
inches
in
length,
in
this
the
which we mistook
for
a piece of stick,
Tr
ia
reptile,
crawling
kill
sk
PD
St
curtains.
de
ud
vouring to
io
Route
to
Trincomalee
l
Tr
ia
V.
io
CHAPTER
1)9
Native
Dambool
ud
of constructRemains of tanks
Hot wells Temperature of
the waters Beneficial application in certain diseases
Legend attached
the waters Coast and harboiu- of
Trincomalee Situation,
longitude Size of har Fort of Trincomalee Town Buildings
Troops Insalubrity of the climate Trincomalee named
in ancient records Colony of Malabars established there
125 A.D. Interesting religious ceremony on the
promontoiy in honour of Siva
the memory of
Francina van Rhede Melancholy lustory Fantastic
appearance of the Quartz RocksPrincipal roads.
of
Ditficulty
PD
to
St
latitude,
de
sk
boxu-
befoi-e
The
in
is
route from
Pillar to
Kandy
objects of novelty
to
and
Trincomalee abounds
interest
the
first
one
100
The
deioo-oya.
medium
construction
of this
fragile
means most
ingenuity
to avail themselves
and calcu-
easily obtained,
This
structure
is
composed of
cable-rattan,
two
hundred yards
and
The
and tough.
is
extremely
bridge
is
light,
commenced
io
flexible,
Tr
ia
ud
b}'
when
the required
number
bend over
St
site
PD
of canes are
sk
is
the
de
hand-rails,
by
thin
these
From
form
bamboos, or
to
sticks,
rails in their
which
alike support
proper place.
thus
strengthening
the
The
structure,
means
and
of ascent
101
which
trees
and
fearlessness
men
is
it
with
which
women,
or
children,
from Kandy
Dambool,
Buddhist
miles
among
may
world,
as they are
perseverance,
skill,
io
almost be classed
Tr
ia
Thirty-five
is
The remains
once
fertilized
by
their waters
now
suffered to
fall
of tanks,
ud
and ingenuity. *
St
into decay,
whole
that
districts,
becoming choked
causing
sensations
such sources
sk
suffer
PD
sui-prise
of wealth
to
of
sliould
become
the
de
to the
purpose
for
which they
were constructed.
The
foiest,
in
temples, tanks,
and
villages.
The
officer
of
who
* For tbe detailed account of these extiaordiuary exmvatious, see the chapter devoted to the autiqiiities.
102
innumerable
difficulties,
and privation
in the performance
was traced
fi"om
great difficulty
of this
was
portion
of the
summit of the
the
toil
of his task, as
experienced
road
trees,
and
obtaining
in
number of men
was
indefatigable in his exertions, and the road was
completed in an incredibly short time and we
cannot do better than quote his own words, showing the obstacles he had to surmount, and the
sufficient
water for
the large
employed.
Captain Atchison
remains
ud
io
Tr
ia
necessarily
of
brought
to
St
light.
"The
that were
civilization
PD
new
and valuable
forest-trees
sk
tiful
supposed a
de
man, and
destitute
of
water and
inhabitants,
population,
tract
of
by
irrigated
wooded
hills,
Kanya
is
103
uuequal,
The
100 to
112^^.
are, is
being surrounded
The
taste
is
when applied
Tr
ia
nally.
efficacious
in
chatties
of water are
springs are
PD
The
person.
whilst
is by affiision,
upon a square stone tablet,
invalid standing
St
The mode
tlie
their application.
ud
men recommend
our medical
io
poured
over
deemed sacred by
his
the
is
de
there
sk
natives,
which
lowing legend
is
extant
among
which they
The
104
tations
and with loud lameninformed him that his mother, Kanya, was
dead.
The
king,
deeply
afflicted,
immediately
war
to
might
be
monarch,
for
deceased
fearing
but,
his
Tr
ia
Vishnu disappeared,
encountered
accidentally
relatives.
favourite
joined to be performed
by
the
if
io
St
ud
of the coast
PD
The beauty
sk
tracts
de
Trincomalee
vince,
and
is
is
the
capital of the
lat. 8
situated in
in long.
which
invaluable for
size
is
naval
men have
eastern pro-
and
possessing a harbour
its safety,
position,
and
it
lOO
or
bay
land-locked, and
is
can there find shelter from, and in the most violent storms.
The entrance
to the
harbour
is
east,
Norway Point
south-west,
the
to
the
to
northward.
is
St
this
is
tlie
an excellent dockyard
and
refitting the
PD
and
Chapel
io
Trineomalee harbour
During war,
ud
denly,
and
and
Tr
ia
largest man-of-war.
fort of
sk
The
de
and on
is
cliff
burgh, which
is
built
Osna-
106
The town
easterly
dh-ection,
much
seat of government,
settled
is
who
io
ud
native j)opulation
is
are stationed
composed
chiefly of
St
to agi'icultural pursuits,
attention
few
there.
little
but
Trincomalee, conse-
at
The
extremely limited
is
Tr
ia
Europeans have
is
that of
scattered over a
are
and
by a wide esplanade.
conse-
The government
PD
cultivated.
offices are
for the
compa-
sk
ratively few
de
fill
and
at
compels them
Roman
Catholics
jjlaces of worship,
their temples
The
fort is
to
do
so.
The Wesleyans
and mosques.
garrisoned by a detachment of our
Rifles,
107
74",
almost incapacitate
accoutrements.
Tr
ia
will
a few hours
drunken and
native, the
ud
io
Never-
always more
prevalent in
theless,
cholera
is
suddenly cease.
St
of Ceylon.
we
are
appears to
it is
on
spot,
de
ages, as
this
to
credit
traditions,
Trincomalee
sk
If
PD
stated there
that
continent of India.
was celebrated
all
over the
were
thrown
down,
and
celestial
and driven
into
108
is
it
immediately became
The
Manoo
heir apparent of
Salen, sovereign
his
left
dominions,
father's
chief
built a town,
governor
the
constituted
of the
city
a Malabar
and adjacent
Tr
ia
This
is
stated to have
io
in the
St
works
ud
buildings.
Cingalese
PD
historical
to de-
records to
some extent
de
sk
to the
anew one
account
to
Buddha
natives of the
sent
them
to
and building
The Cingalese
Gaja Bahoo took the
in its place.
whilst
the
Tamil
declare that at
had
forefathers
much
109
period,
earlier
voluntarily emigrated
to
this spot.
Without attempting
to
flicting statements, it is
in the
con-
these
reconcile
era,
at
many
it
of the Malabars
Tr
ia
is
the fort
io
is
dedicated to his
first
oriental
temple
to)
was
scholars maintain
that
sk
who
is
no
de
mean
is
Avith
Some
erected.
service,
king's
PD
(the
built
kootu
is
regarded
St
peculiar veneration
ud
is
Brahmin
priest
site
of
wearing a
no
bound
The
climbs
officiating priest
priest
Tr
ia
The
first
io
chasm
sun.
PD
upon the
ocean
St
ud
censer
sk
his superior,
who holds
the
de
in the air
it
vessel
to
and
being composed of inflammable and fragrant preparation, bursts instantaneously into lurid flames,
diffusing a powerful perfume around.
When
ocean,
the
young
and receives
the
When
the god.
111
priests
and the
service concludes
Brahmin.
The
flowers,
This ceremony
copper.
from
is
undoubtedly
is
is
Tr
ia
when money
it
of
as
remarkably interesting,
and,
ud
io
little
made by
offerings
and
it,
affi-
life.
PD
dedicated
sk
the Portuguese,
de
possession,
and
to
Siva,
were
levelled
to the construction
applied
at
of mystery
St
the
of
by
in their
materials,
of a portion of the
fortifi-
cations.
Above
officiating priest
mental
pillar,
erected to the
memory
is
a monu-
of Francina
lengthy in-
112
scription
was
originally carved
upon
pillar,
tlie
elements have
the
to
name,
date,
has handed
down
visible.
Tradition
and
still
in Ceylon.
in the
government
an
to
sei-vice
and
Tr
ia
Dutch gentleman
the daughter of a
in the
officer
was
io
the day
St
ud
tials.
girl,
The
after
the
unfortunate
PD
Europe.
and misguided
lover,
resolved that
sk
to
ofi"
he
de
should
;
watched
from her
chamber-window the
him from
the
sails
cinnamon
isle.
Before clearing the coast, the vessel was compelled to tack, and pass close to the precipices
that
bound
For
113
moment
cliffs,
for
an
With some
difficulty,
Tr
ia
burial
and, although
io
of self-murder
insanity,
ud
St
felt
commemo-
by the erection of
Some
PD
a low
sk
de
to the opposite
two
one of
The
edifices.
The
114
comalee
for
at various
latter.
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
terminates at the
at the
CHAPTER
The
VI.
Tr
ia
115
io
The road
the
Convalescent station
estahlished 1829 Cascades of Ramhodde
Newera EUia a royal residence in 1628 Scenery European aspect of the dwellings VegetationThe town
Public buildings Salubrity of the climateFarming
periments Great
and
soU of Newera
EUia Proposed plan of emigration Price of stock and
produce Iron found on the plain Carnage roads Footthe summit of Pedi'o-taUa galla Horton Plains,
path
the highest table-land in Ceylon Luxuriant specimens
or pitcher plant Nelu, or
of the Nepenthes
sanatorium of the island
ud
Newera EUia
Mountain conflagration
for
PD
St
military,
de
to
ex-
fertile
sk
capabilities
distUlatoria,
honey plant.
The
116
whence
it
runs through
tlie
mountainous parts of
the island,
Cingalese
in
The
Tr
ia
delighted traveller.
io
enables
an
St
reached,
exquisite scenery
European
enjoy
to
Some
comfort.
will
PD
commence
in
the
ud
sk
the
best
Rest-house
purpose of witness-
de
The mountain
pala,
of
much
it
of the
hill
in patches
this
117
productions of Ceylon,
lemon-grass,
called
or
gi'own with
The appearance
magnificent
is
most
flagi'ation
Tr
ia
instantaneously, im-
io
it
bome
aloft
means
fire
PD
of grass, set
or,
light.
St
When
ud
to
falling
them
smoke,
upon other
also.
By
these
sk
in the
immediate neigh-
de
woods
appears extraordinary
is,
Andrapogon Schaenanthus
are
neither
and
in
the
injured
for, after
What
will burst
CEYLON
118
A.ND
THE CINGALESE.
Newera
Ellia
was
visited
first
by Dr. Davy
in
io
to
Tr
ia
immense advantages to be derived from its salubrious and temperate atmosphere, it was not until
ten years had elapsed that a military convalescent
station was established on this spot, and this
desirable measure was adopted in 1829 by Sir
Edward Barnes. Many serious difficulties had
from Rambodde to the
ud
St
PD
masses of
soil
on an
and stones
is
experi-
for continu-
roll
from the
sk
it
in-
difficulty
fourteen.
is
It is
de
menced
or completed,
ings were carried into execution before the abolition of compulsory labour.
The cascades
of
Rambodde
are
superb,
and
down
is
of the
heard
119
distinctly
Near Rambodde
considerable distance.
ders
stream,
a flowing
at
the
is
mean-
woman
becomes a
be blessed with a
wife, will
beautiful,
From
Rambodde Pass
the summit of
Newera Ellia
is
the
first
obtained, which
io
clear view of
the sea
and, although
ud
lies
Tr
ia
after she
it is
called a plain,
St
hills,
running
unequally.
PD
When we
it
is
it
sk
although
it
de
ings,
Queen
of
Kandy,
is
an
up a tempo-
was compelled
when
she
by the Portu-
guese.
Game abounds
Iftie
in
this district,
and
it
was
in
1-20
The boldness
animals abounded.
of the scenery
Snowdon, as
it is
amongst which
mountain
in
The
feet
plain
level.
is
many home
recollections,
the cool
fires
To
them
those
this
be seen
who
to
St
sary.
be absolutely neces-
have
not visited
the
tropics
to
io
chimneys
only rendering
ud
for
the
thousand three
rises eight
recalling
residences,
is
Ceylon, Pedro-talla-galla,
Tr
ia
loftiest
that of
by craggy mountains,
PD
will
tell,
save the
mind when
the
beholder
first
looks upon
de
the
sk
hearth.
walk out
frame
is
tone,
of the
to
1)odily faculties
its
tells
Europeans
lost vigour,
the'
many
health's roseate
121
to his
land,
The
liar
floral
gifts that
gladdened with
is
Tr
ia
io
us,
neighbourhood.
And
St
consumed by
diate
ud
all
this
is
found
fallen
below
inch in thickness
sk
half an
PD
and where
ice
sometimes found
de
in the morning.
The town
6,300 feet
over
which
scattered
various
residences.
I.
\-2-2
whilst
and
much
valuable
hills
for
and alternate
plains,
and
hills
give the
dales,
house,
vernor's
residences
also
Newera
are
excellent.
servants.
troops
always
is
St
of
the
unheard
PD
months resembles
a fine October in
temperature
the
bracing
the
of
frosts
snow
are
from
district,
to the
rises
at
hospital, &c.,
ud
seldom
our
Ellia,
November
of
detachment
io
Tr
ia
Secretaiy,
is
winter
atmosphere of
England,
sk
de
oppressive
atmosphere
of
brown
the
in short,
tropics
is
and
all
English
withstanding
their
ignorance
of
the
subject,
large
potatoes,
of
vegetables
sums
carrots,
their farming
from
128
the
cultiva-
aud
turnips,
other
Many
gentlemen for their amusement have planted Engwheat, oats, barley, beans, peas,
in the
Tr
ia
thrive
ner.
Ellia,
glowing language,
which
the
located himself at
PD
lately
and where an
been made
for
sk
advantages
agricidtural
rangement has
new
who has
St
Newera
ud
prising gentleman,
io
It
circular of
which
ar-
opening a
suggesting
offers
both
de
This fore-
writer
who under
124
and the
fact
undeniably
Mr. Baker
of the scheme.
is
gaged the services of seventeen English fannservants of both sexes, who, with a large supply
of farming implements, have ere this, in all pro-
is
Tr
ia
gentleman
bability,
if
suc-
colony,
io
must be
cessful,
settlers.
ud
St
plan
is
still,
PD
gration,
sk
tion of those
Irish fanners,
who
de
success
who may
thought
so
eminently deserve.
The
circular
tween the
rica,
and
settler
the
and
him
1*25
commence
his operations
immediately.
We
in this
mountain
to the
advantages offered
district for a
European
settle-
ud
way adapted
moment
life,
for the
which
at
St
this
Newera
io
Ellia
is,
many
Tr
ia
that so
PD
plies considerably
the
five
says
natives,
Mr.
may be
Baker,
ob-
now
de
produce
The
sk
tained.
of the in-
same land
quality of the
Stock of
thus,
farming, they
soil.
all
kinds
is
is
all
126
Cows and
buffaloes
40.?.
per head
to Is.
sheep, from
36".
dozen
ditto.
to 7s.
to
show
that, notwith-
unknown
is
being unfattened,
discretion.
to
pigs from 3.
Although in
Tr
ia
Notwithstanding
io
are
consumed
hams and
and yet
in large
all
these
quantities,
St
articles
ud
and
PD
per pound.
2*.
may be prepared
sk
at
Newera
facility,
the
de
cost,
of those
would therefore
sell
at a large
are
for
supplied by
at one-fourth of
profit
at
Newera
Ellia
sell
Bombay
at
28.s".
to dig,
and one
The
with pota-
now
per cwt.
fit
both for
exportation.
duced
three
is chiefly
and
pro-
In
sets,
they
been
known
1*2/
entirely
is
imported,
of ilour.
well,
conse-
paddy and
is
is
open
to
thus
supply the
Mr. Baker
io
home
principal
the
portion of which
gram,
Tr
ia
upon
sively
farmer of
ud
his industry
at
St
amass a considerable
PD
happy, luxurious
life,
with
may
but
the
live
advantages of
sk
de
the house of
We
feel
Baker's,
God
bound
who
to
correct
an error of Mr.
hams were
still,
at the island
Manear
the
soldiers
however
this
128
fact,
to the
era
EUia equal
meanest ca-
produced
New-
at
would bring
We
should
flour,
from the
Bombay
for
annually imported
Presidency.
In respect also
we
fear the
Tr
ia
Colony is not
and
his circular
io
ud
would be limited
island.
We
St
to the
Newera
market
Ellia were
PD
at
offered in the
Colombo
We
sk
de
settlement
little
is
perfectly correct,
what he
is
states
green crops
129
is
families,
their
who
are
more inured
English neighbours
stantly
employed
their wives
and
the
to
hardships than
men
could be con-
employment
women might
in dairies
and poultry-
Tr
ia
find profitable
and
yards.
The
ud
The
of labourers.
io
St
coolees,
coast.
Indeed
their
own country
PD
if it
be
true, as
fine rains
it is
tTie
said, that in
have fallen
after
long
sk
de
lands,
their
exigency, having no
" Accounts of the most deplorable nature continue to reach us on the difficulty of obtaining
coolees.
There
is
"A friend
Four Korles
in search of coolees.
want of hands."
his
way
to the
G 5
130
He
Nearly
little
is
a most
gives
of
scarcity
all his
the
on an
thirty coolees
hundred acres
is
Happy
to replace them.
estate of three
all
Nearly
in bearing.
and the
must be
if
Tr
ia
entirely lost.
man."
ud
By
io
On some
entirely
dependant
visits of the
St
for labour
is
rice,
which consists
for the
coolees
little
for
most part of
PD
their support,
re-
sk
in wages,
de
Taking
if
they have
suffi-
eat,
number of
131
Irish, English,
by
would not have the same inducemake a speedy retreat after the Malabar
their families,
ment
to
have
Paddy
is
is
not
Tr
ia
at
when beyond
tion.
For
all fiu'ther
Newera
lar is dated
W.
from No.
4,
tenham.
ud
to the promoter, S.
Ellia,
St
the settlement at
io
heart,
is
PD
de
sk
also occasionally
arise
from their
toil.
Dr.
Davy
alludes to these
good reason
to believe that
tlie
"There
is
individuals en-
132
gaged in
and
this pursuit,
chiefly
Moormen, would be
cultivating
in
who
ground
the
better
that
employed
they ransack."
mountain's base
off'
Pedro-talla-Galla.
The
Tr
ia
remarkably steep
is
io
ud
St
by
the
PD
is
sea.
The
richest
sk
Lower Ouva,
we have
altitude of which, as
previously remarked,
Mat
and most
Upper and
and
in the
de
mass
whose bold
The
is
situated
the
133
This
mens
that
it
affords, the
(Nepenthes
and grows
in great
is
distillatoria,) that
luxuriance, as the
its
name,
is
is
among them,
Tr
ia
tiful
indescribable.
called
ud
is
io
This
is
St
new honey.
PD
and so delighted
sk
them
will hang-
Around
for hours.
de
scarlet edges
and as these
root, the
colour.
which are
totally distinct in
form and
VII.
CHAPTER
Tr
ia
134
MineralsSalt lakes
Revenue arising from tliemTanksAgricultureNative plough Mystic
when the paddy trodden out
CultivationLemon grass Value and uses of cocoanut trees Cinnamon Coffee Sugar Cotton Tobacco
Areka nutsAmbuprasudana, or water nut Jack and
bread-fruit trees Indigo Mulberry trees Talapat palm
Mee treeEbony treeCalamander Red sandal
and satin-wood trees The kabook treeVariety of the
vegetable worldThe bo, or sacred
Capabilities of
cultivation and extraordinary
of the
Expense of housekeeping Prices of provisions at Galle and
Colombo Meat Poultry Fish and
Fruit
Vegetables Servants' wages House-rent Same
is
PD
St
rite
ud
io
sk
tree
tree
de
fertility
soil
fisheries
at
The
likened,
simile
is
Eilia.
of a pearl,
to
which Lanka
is
in reference to the
ness of
its soil,
We
kingdom.
its
135
mineral
its
we
purjjose
island.
and
io
The exceptions
is dis-
Tr
ia
The
ud
ill
quartz,
Granite
domolite,
less li-equently to
be
with.
sk
met
PD
is
St
The
and
de
varieties,
mineralogist,
who attempts
to
name them.
is
Fine-
occasionally to
common.
We
is
still
less
is
of a grey or
13b'
and
the former
is
is
felspar,
pale colour.
Horn-
Tr
ia
it
is
any
hill,
Dolomite
or mountain.
ud
tion of
io
found
it is
imbedded, and
in
veins,
in
Kandy
and
it
It is
in
this
met with
form
it
sk
abounds
posed of
fre-
(piently
hammer
and very
colour,
St
PD
line
in other parts
of the
island.
In
de
of the
king.
Quartz
is
hill is
very
com-
of Trincomalee
hill is laid
bare,
and presents
was given
to
one end of
name
137
of Chapel Point
this hill.
tion of Ceylon,
we
namely
formation,
sandstone
and
district,
places, extending
is
it
found in a variety of
round the
this
limestone.
be confined
Tr
ia
to
to
and
to black,
io
is
seen
in others
it is
of a greyish yellow
St
colour.
ud
the sandstone
it is
In some instances,
PD
it
is
is
very
is
de
fracture
its
sk
shells, of
Ceylon
found
bog
all
the former
is
plentiful,
and may be
having as
Black oxide of
138
in
Tr
ia
that gold
tin,
io
and
St
rock-crystal,
ud
which latter
is
PD
This
colours.
employ
it
of
by the Cingalese,
from
for statuary
also abundant.
and
it,
de
Rose
made use
sk
who form
is
The Ceylon
and
cat's
is
eye
is
the most
much more
prized
former
be met with.
Common
it
in
Ceylon
the
or bluish-white
ill
granitic rocks,
mixed with
felspar
casionally to be
in
some
met
places,
tourmalin
is
it
is
oc-
description,
honey
and
and quartz
139
red, green, or
colour.
In the
cinnamon-stone
crystals
The
and
diminutive
ill-
Tr
ia
the
defined.
is
island,
Cinnamon-stone
ud
io
found
in weight,
sk
by the
de
Cingalese
which
is
The
" Matura
is
in
masses of
very large
met with
principally
in
PD
It is
many pounds
and
Matura.
St
where
particular districts,
irre-
zircon,
diamond,"
considered to be
and hyawhich
is
Zircon
is
respectively
diamonds.
for
topaz,
tourmalin, rubies,
and
140
Ceylon has
renowned
for
namely sapphire,
species,
The
chrysoberyl,
spinell,
in granitic rock.
and
star
stone, are
met
size,
and
in perfec-
sometimes of large
more
Spinell
so.
is
The
Tr
ia
with,
occa-
is
St
ud
io
sionally
Battagammana, where
PD
it is
Agiri
Kandura
in the
it is
de
compact
river, called
sk
Ceylon
is
produces
felspar,
brador stone
is
and common
felspar.
The La-
ria is plentiful in
Kandy.
Common
hornblend
is
is
is
found
but
is
and pea-green
common
quartz.
occurs in very
it
Green earth
ornamental purposes.
common
]41
is
for
rather un-
colour.
chlorite
found
is
scattered
through
Tr
ia
and native carbonate of magnesia, are occasionSulphur and graphite also occur,
ally discovered.
the former rarely, but the latter
and
abundant
in
common, and
ud
Nitrate of lime
io
SafFragam.
is
St
PD
and which
nature.
The
salt
de
lar
sk
government a yearly
monopoly
produces the
were this portion of government property superintended and conducted upon scientific principles,
there can be
would be twice,
It
if
little
attention of the
home and
colonial government
142
and such
like,
tent
and
the
majority of cases
clay-iron
stone,
quartz
is
sole ingredient.
in
It is
Tr
ia
may be
io
substance, which
by a high degree of
ud
decom])osition, occasioned
of rain.
falls
St
which
PD
The
soils,
to pro-
sk
stone.
de
is
contained.
is
The
soil de-
of a reddish
brown
tific
agriculturists,
by
is
in a state
of nature,
and unimproved
143
many
most instances,
is
The
of a pure description.
been
tion,
means
by them, which
irrigated the
Tr
ia
the purpose.
ud
io
and
scarcely be credited by
St
sk
for
PD
those
in
Ceylon, should
de
gigantic
jjui'jioses
Had
been given
to a population,
who
ai'e
naturally in-
144
governments,
colonial
Tr
ia
thousand pounds,
five
giants,
which
to the
by no means unreasonable,
is
present race.
the
low
PD
is
as
St
The tank
work
national
io
construction
ud
the
it
Tradition attributes
sk
de
and,
when
now
able.
On
rains,
the
south side,
carries
the
the
river,
during heavy
lands
above
and
sea,
its
at
depth
is
dam
some seasons
of Cattockare,
to sixty broad,
built of large
and eight
hewn
to twelve in height,
stones,
feet in length,
Tr
ia
to
145
breadth,
to three
in
dam
there
is
ud
to this
it
now
has
the appearance
St
The height
places
it
sea varies
of the
is
broken
dam above
considerably,
at
PD
of the
level
several places.
is
Near
io
at
the
some
it
is
sk
sixty-seven.
The
de
this
would be
be the case
sufficient to
it
if
much
Villages have
I.
146
same
Tank,
now
is
large
means of
if
irrigation
artificial
calculated that
be
limits.
tract
it
has been
if
it
would
capable of producfifty
thousand bags
Tr
ia
of rice.
and
io
ud
omnia.
rigg
Thomas Maitland, Sir Robert Brownsupported this measure, who was followed in
the
same views by
St
After Sir
and Mr.
PD
Stewart M'Kenzie,
all
of
whom
concurred in the
still
continue unrepaired,
de
the tanks
made
sk
government one
Secretary resuscitated
present Colonial
it is
to
it
be hoped
that the
light,
original purposes
which according
their
of irrigation, an undertaking
Committee of
is
147
so certain to repay
As
to contribute
labour or
subsidy,
if
the
equally,
may be
Tr
ia
now
exports specie.
ud
io
by
The
chenas, or
PD
tions,
vation pursued
St
sk
de
menced by
cutting
in that portion
down
which
is
the jungle,
is
com-
by fencing
care
is
to
keep
148
grown
chiefly
rice,
is
taken by the
crop
is
are cut
com
owing
heads of the
the
to the
Tr
ia
up
when
off,
in dry
called corri-
been pro-
is
never employed.
however,
poorest classes,
and
is
very inconsiderable in
is
of cultivation
and
is
requires
entirely
used
last description
an abundant supply of
sk
water,
is
This
growth of paddy.
PD
for the
This dry
St
cultivation,
ud
of maniu'e, which
io
de
The
water can be
successive stages
of the paddy.
fields
are suiTounded
in
depth,
and,
when
sufficiently
is
saturated,
is
trodden by buffaloes
until the
thus formed
drawn
is
is
worked
made
off,
germinated, owing to
water,
is
The mud
mnd.
into
I4!>
its
muddy
surface.
in
Imme-
diately after the seed has struck root, the apertures in the
ai"e
Tr
ia
is re-flooded.
ud
io
tlie
The
nearly ripe,
St
when
kept
field is
when
ripe is reaped,
and
PD
it is
is
paddy
sk
buffaloes.
de
watch the
corn-field,
is
obliged con-
Where
field,
a supply
one crop.
grow
is sufficient
150
to the colony,
we have
said, only
districts,
but, in the
irrigation
is
up the
sides of
often be seen in
its
may
the newly
fields, fi'om
sown
to that
io
hills
carried
Tr
ia
in China, cultivation is
which
is
being
St
ud
PD
at the curve
sk
de
while a yoke
pole,
surmounted with a
cross-tree, a pole
wedge,
is
is
which
buffaloes or
is
is
oxen
one
man
On
is not,
or
unwieldy nature,
is
is
151
Instead
which
is
lighter
implement
is
paring the
seed.
purpose of pre-
The jungle-hook,
all
own implements
The treading
paddy
Tr
ia
need description.
to
out of the
is
performed
io
floor,
ud
upon a hard
driver
rite
and incantation
are
St
PD
The ceremony
spirits.
is
performed by describ-
sk
de
by a
a written
letter
kohomba
covers
tree,
the whole
j
of which
he
he then walks
152
at
Wlien
paddy
repeating incantations.
this
is
the time
all
upon
piled
circles,
and
Tr
ia
In Newera Ellia
io
lar
ud
St
ropean vegetables
PD
sk
Andropogon
de
is
schce-
a hard grass,
dian
it is
is
first
most oppressive
aiid sickening;
is
Kan-
considered choice
We
summttm honum
The
cultivation of
found
to
it is
may be
of the
is
it
justly designated
native population.
is
to perfinners.
Tr
ia
whole island
fine
which
Ceylon
sively cultivated in
the
grass,
oil
15-3
ud
io
PD
per annum.
sk
is
a rix dollar
no part of
de
is
is
which
soil,
The estimated
and bearing
St
thriving as
two years
first
it
from the
also
distilled,
description of vinegar.
and a vegetable
pul]),
134
is
which
and the
soap,
feeding cattle
or
refuse,
;
known
cake,
coir,
is
which
used for
is
now
stuffing
mattresses, &c.,
Tr
ia
used for
is
England, and
in
it,
candles and
into
oil
extracted from
is
now manufactured
is
when burned,
young leaves
are used by
and ornamental purposes,
io
ud
of usefid
and
arches
particularly
festive occasions,
when
St
bamboo
The
are
medicinal
oil
PD
remedy
sk
cious
in cutaneous diseases
de
woven
the timber
and
effica-
the root
is
elastic
its
may be used
in building, or conveil^ed
But
would
it
convertible,
this valuable
tree is
many
1^0
native poets.
cocoa-nut
oil,
arrack,
Ceylon, but
upon
in a former chapter.
it is
During the
the bark
was prepared
in his day.
St
its
is
De
not neces-
Tr
ia
it is
the appearance of
io
in
staple
ud
produce
article of
coir.
de
sk
PD
cultivated
the
to
the
highest bidder.
1842,
when
all
it
pound
half.
Still
it
156
M'as
duced duty
it
re-
was
out-
Accordingly,
io
parent country
ud
threejjence per
St
to
which
whole
duced
any description.
upon
Tr
ia
hiy, or interest of
profit
two
But
half, will
hope seems
be revived.
us to be fallacious,
to
sk
and we
this
PD
off
de
Dutch settlement
in Java,
where the
imposed by Ceylon
duce.
We
legislation
on
its
own
pro-
at a
considerably smaller
sum than
157
and
cinnamon
into
this
him
more remains to
the cinnamon pro-
upon
of export duty
was
fifty
three
received
The amount
while, in 1846,
it
amounted
Tr
ia
(Coffea arabica)
we
believe to be in-
ud
Coffee
io
twenty thou-
St
PD
the
sk
in
de
who procured
1723,
and that under the auspices of the GovernorGeneral of Batavia, Zwaardenkroom, the
first
When and
and cultivated
wherefore
coffee
was introduced
in other settlements,
it
is
not our
we treat solely of
productions
but
we feel convinced
its
Ceylon and
the coffee shrub has been known in the island in
purpose to investigate,
as
;
158
Coffee was
first
cul-
who
and
planting,
some few
Many
cultivating estates.
indivi-
have
who were
financial resources,
sufficiently
prudent
and
either
had experience
Tr
ia
to
management
to
who were
quality of the
Ceylon
candidly confess
St
is
like
coffee
we
own
for our
prefer
berry
many
those
The
ud
io
entrusted the
part,
we
PD
into
eight
pounds per
clearance
ness
it.
de
it
sk
The expense
is
acre.
The
first
way up
moun-
their
step in this
to
way
whose trunks
the mountain's
summit, upon
pletely felled,
downward
their
like
159
The
course.
falling
crash
terrific
falling
mass,
the
obstacles,
all
its
and thus
trated
timber
ashes.
The
is
pros-
and reduced
usually fired
to
to prevent
ud
season,
and attention
io
in the rainy
the
beautiful,
grass.
St
The appearance
truly
The
few seconds.
in a
Tr
ia
low
bushes
being
is
completely
PD
by
sk
Then
advanced
de
in the
changed
stage,
when
relief
is
extremely pleasing,
nessed to be appreciated
our word for
it,
the
and must be
wit-
is
one of immense beauty, while the general appearance of the coffee estate
is
somewhat
like
an
160
and
there, with
left in
young
the
enormous
The
plantation.
coffee exported in
will not
millions
1849, forty
We
thousand cwt.
of
Tr
ia
and,
forty-five
to the coast.
io
ud
first
place,
soil
if
In the
St
it is
is
a plantation
PD
as
sk
totally dif-
de
gnawed
failure,
from the
or
rats
having
young
shoots,
The
coffee-
of the
soil,
10
becoming
Labour likewise
is
extremely
difficult to
be pro-
coast,
ficient
suf-
beiTy
is fit
coffee
are
Thus
the
large quantities of
Tr
ia
for peeling.
when
when
Many
annually spoiled.
capitalists
io
ud
especially
PD
St
coolees, either
human
beings
which
we regret
to say they
sk
to
many
de
It is
sugar-cane was
first
The
estate of
Mr.
and
in-
162
now
actively
Several
and success-
fully
is
in-
branch of produce
this
io
quality as
it is
neglected in
Tr
ia
believe, that
much
very
Cotton-cultivation
ud
opinion
we
St
are fortified
am
Company's
service,
PD
reports, " I
climate, temperature,
In this
by an American planter
and
soil,
that
who
thus
saw of the
Ceylon
will
sk
de
is
the
article
cheaper than
it
ive
much
is
among
chased."
163
The advocates of
amongst the first
to
can
fairly
America.
The
com.
grown
is
is
Tr
ia
by some
in
American
for a considerable
io
its
St
Jaffna,
ud
PD
sk
quantity of tobacco
amounts
in value to
now
some
of
it.
The
pounds
de
per annum.
The Areka,
flourishes in great
It is
a slight
tall
palm, with
much
island.
smaller leaves
by a tough
which
is
in.
tree
impervious
skin,
164
The
purpose of
filthy
is
annually car-
be
to
increased,
since
is
a dentifrice has
in this country,
which
is
The ambuprasudana,
Tr
ia
likely
lately
or water-nut,
a most
is
muddy
ud
io
St
perty of precipitating
PD
ticles,
all
able.
sk
size, is
integrifalia)
de
The
is
fruit
and pro-
both from
fruit are of
in size varying
ing
to
grows
its
a some-
number
of
165
The
make
good
timber
is
it
mahogany, and
tured of
approaches to a light-coloured
all
ordinary furniture
is
manufac-
it.
(Artrocarpus incisa)
is
also
Of
Tr
ia
one of large
is
io
ud
fruit
curry.
The
when polished
and excellent
food,
with bees-wax
kernels
other,
St
PD
natives
native
who has a
bread-tree, cocoa-nut-tree,
sk
The
and
for,
and
it is
de
we may
people.
rule
is
exported from
Ceylon,
notwithstanding, however,
indigenous to the
soil,
which
facilities
its
for
166
still
Britain
has had
we
tion,
was made
believe,
to
the
A proposi-
government in the
abandonment
government.
it
enterprising individual
the
example
and
St
of the silk-worm
PD
no reason
in
ud
The mulberry
might
set
Hudson did
sugar- cane.
easily'
io
indigo, as Mr.
Tr
ia
of the
to
why
silk of as fine
we
see
sk
de
The most
island
is
one hundred
feet.
The circumference
is
about nine
of the
feet,
and
leaves droop
in a parachute
wherever a leaf
form
has
it
delihle
fact, that
a singular
is
mark
167
an
tree,
in-
The
is left after
more than
commences to
it
The
fection.
flower
is
large
is
enclosed in
site
Tr
ia
remain in
bloom
full
for nearly
The
three
io
flowers
which
The
is
St
fruit,
ud
PD
tip
when
de
by
and
this is
also
and used
pith,
it
The
for olas
to dwellings.
im-
by the
their retainers.
strips
these
sk
perishable leaves,
In the trunk
is
is
serves as a roofing
found a species of
fine
meal
the
168
natives
most
delicate
We
the
make
regret that
name
leaves,
cakes,
this into
and
and the
flour is
delicious.
we
owing
to their roughness,
cai-jienters instead of
used by native
whose
are constantly
sand-paper
an enormous
size,
weary
traveller
is
especially unwholesome.
when they
buds, that
to
and
the
neverthe-
is
a minute
St
white flower,
blossom, which
ud
io
the
to
Tr
ia
fall to.
PD
sk
when
wash down
de
and they
])roduces disease.
tion,
because the
fruit
they apply to
many
fell
produces pungent
purposes.
a mee-tree,
oil,
which
109
The magnificent ebony-tree (Dyospiras ebonum) is most peculiar in its aspect, as the foliage
is
white,
feet
from the
grand
root,
The
appearance.
much sought
aft'^'r
usually jet
is
and weighty,
is
Avood
black,
and
niture,
trees,
most majestic,
time, this
also
much
ebony,
prized.
scarce,
as
sk
de
it
is
The red
as the
more
striped
is
is
or
close
worth a
met with
is
ebony, fi'om
large sum.
is
At one
esteemed
the
is
PD
forests
and
ti'ee
The Calamander
hirsuta,) or variegated
St
(Dyospyrus
tree,
The
io
ud
fine
Tr
ia
now
as rarely
reason.
The Kabook
tree,
I.
170
ble,
the peculiarity of
on the
banks of streams,
and also at
an elevation of two thousand three hundred feet,
and what is more remarkable still is, that the
in level districts,
wherever
this
with near
its
tree
is
Tr
ia
have caused the experiment to be made, invariably declare that by digging close to the tree
io
Were we
tithe
therefore
PD
bo-ti-ee,
the
is
would not
a description
tree
sacred
or Ficus religiosa.
to
Under
sk
this
we
Buddha, the
wisdom.
de
to
St
suffice
of one
ud
met with
tion of
The
or painted
or articles of furni-
of the reigning
monarch.
The blossoms
are
the
colour a milk-
171
delicately tinged
with
These
gold.
by terraces of
and
stone,
and some
fi'om their
is
are
trees
earth
huge cavernous
and the
shrubs,
is
and
jessamine,
flowering
other
Tr
ia
citron,
delicious
their trunks
more so by the
fragile
in
a wild state.
It
St
is
still
and pepper
ud
parasites,
io
PD
de
down
Lanka-diva
sk
rind.
mangostein,
produced by the
What
especially
European
demands the
agriculturist
is,
that
attention of the
in
the various
will
alike
thrive,
if
care
with
all tropical
nutmeg and
is
so
clove-tree,
172
luxui'iance
soil
wheat,
turnips,
cultivation
The expense
;
of housekeeping in Ceylon
is
con-
io
siderable
Tr
ia
enterprising capitalist
cles required,
ud
St
servants,
com-
it is
PD
sk
thus
it is
all articles
of
absolutely impracti-
de
it
European productions,
comestibles,
and
all
and every
we can
importers,
173
make
rapid
and frequently
often trebled,
there
is
a scarcity.
is
quadnipled, when
fre-
The
same
now
nearly the
at Galle
edibles
that
were
we have
materially
ud
informed
io
been
being
ratio.
same
Tr
ia
sold in the
Mutton, when
St
is
it
but
PD
and,
sold,
and used as a
when
cable dish
pence
*
to
From
pound
any
price.
is
not a despi-
sevenpence halfpenny.
this aiises
Mutton Clubs, a
at
de
Kids are
sk
tlic
certain
number of gen-
is
enormous.
But even
174
Beef
is
the
Poultry
is
geese
and sixpence
same
from
shillings
in
four
and
and
is
but we must
io
ud
full
the
they are
is
selling
seven
to
is
and moderate
plentiful
and
turkeys
sixpence each
to
best
pork
Tr
ia
as beef
shillings
best
price,
the
pound
The
fishes
St
if
many
not unequalled
PD
in
sk
The
sonable.
seir-fish,
de
the
fish,
par
which
is
a species
of scomber,
the flesh
less
is
when
infinitely excels;
subjected
This delicious
is
it
fish is
solely found in
to
salt water,
line,
exceeded
twenty pounds.
;;
The
this
fish
is
175
much esteemed,
indescribable, as
Soles, whiting,
gold.
somewhat
singular.
tioned fish
to
The
sunset; and,
man waves
a favourable
io
spot, one
Tr
ia
another
and
remain floating
man immediately
near
darts a
St
surface,
ud
torch
pronged iron
PD
it
would be impossible
to
sk
It
de
water
fish,
Suffice
the hook,
it
to say that
for salt-
pronged instrument,
and
kraals are
nature, that
in
some
slips of
it is
constructed
of
bamboo
so
in
escape
made from
which an aperture
intricate
fish to
is
left
thin
for
176
hand
the
are used
this
fish,
machine
is
is
cautiously
seized hold
of by the fisherman.
we have seen
the
rice to a piece of
men
cocoa-nut
a grain of boiled
attach
fibre,
hang
it
over the
Tr
ia
craw-fish,
river
only
ud
to
fit
io
St
cir-
PD
its
source at Ben-
sk
totte, it is
de
We
conviction,
considerable
demand
it
deserves.
There
is
177
To
meet
this
demand, there
is
an import trade of
salt
of some 0615,000.
every description,
pre-
is
it
In a tropical
peculiarly defective.
io
is
commences rapidly
ud
Cingalese
however,
climate decomposition
death
fish,
after
be salted immediately
is
it
St
served,
Tr
ia
of,
PD
until after
sk
gether,
de
sandy beach.
Sand and
and the
result can
if
salt are
fish
easily
be imagined
The most
we
178
beneath a thatched
roof,
composed of
bamboo,
dimensions
split
and construct,
of open platforms,
tiers
at
distances and of
to
fish.
beneath
placed
lowest
the
tier,
which
It
tier in its
Tr
ia
each
in
fishing
after it
fish,
as rapidly as possible
St
ud
io
have
It
must be observed
PD
prejudicially
The
sk
this
branch of
Edward
when an ordinance was passed imposing
de
Barnes,
of
all
fish
The
179
Ceylon
are, as a
flavour
and
body, unrivalled
variety.
Potatoes
sevenpence
at Galle
for
half-
Tr
ia
island
the
Kandy, and
in
io
for the
first
still
St
ud
demand from
PD
Servant's
monthly
most establishments
sk
in
India,
far
Europe.
from
as the
large in pro-
number of domes-
de
tics,
is
exceeds
The appoo,
fifteen
to
moderate
household in
twenty-five
rix
dollars *
per
and there
is
A lix
and sixpence.
180
menial
offices,
and performs
boy
five,
is
remunerated accord-
and,
if
she
Tr
ia
To
is
much
make
St
spoil
their appearance
for,
according to
everything
that
disappears.
PD
and
not the
ud
custom
It is
io
Unmarried men,
if
sk
de
our recol-
ser-
in
who
men
will not
and
perform their
England.
House-hire
is
181
in
be found
little
England, and
The
demanded
in
for
is
paid
Kandy
price of provisions at
more than
a good dwelling,
one- third
is
Colombo, and
at Galle, or
at times
and
difficult
be procured
upon
any terms.
Those who
ingly high.
Newera EUia,
and
sojourn
ud
money
sum paid
obtained, the
for
at
at times a residence,
St
when
is
or
pay exorbitantly
io
or lodging,
reside
are compelled to
Tr
ia
Servants"*
to
is
and,
to
be
temporary accommo-
by
PD
de
the
sk
We
the price of
trebled
forgetting that,
although
to us that
increased
individuals
for-
18-2
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
rially
183
VIII.
Tr
ia
CHAPTER
io
ud
the kings of
St
Knox's account Rogue-elephantElephantMajor RogersHis ninaculous escape Sindeath Elephants ascend the mountainsTusks
found buried in the jungles Elks DeerWalmeenya
Wild buffaloesBears Cheetahs,
Beauty and
or leopards -Kandian mode of snaring them Distinctive
peculiarity Wild hogs Animals found in jungle Rats
vShrewAnecdote of a musk-ratOrnithological
mens Land-leeches TicksSnakesAnaconda Cobra
or the sacred naga of the Cingalese Warning
Hair-breadth escapeTic polonga LegendIchneumon
attacking a cobra Crocodiles Hmitiug Crocodile
chai-mersNative method of catching and destroying
crocodilesFecundity Number of eggs Pugnacity of
Tyranny
PD
shooting
sk
gulai-
de
docility
speci-
capello,
184
the
In
young
}teiisities
this
chapter
scientifically the
we do
ants
Desti-uctive pro-
its
elephants
Tr
ia
quality of
io
and of a
ud
St
In ancient times also, the monarchs of the peninsula eagerly sought for the Ceylon elephants,
PD
it is
sk
who
de
Red
Sea.
palmy days of
and
spices,
Cingalese annals
when
at
all
war with
show,
Some
185
we
sagacious of
all
them
believe
be the most
Although we make
to
we do not mean
all
neither
Tr
ia
do
sufficiently
manhood was
stupidity, because
memory
to
ud
some
io
quality of
an extraordinary extent,
St
meaning of
lan-
will
adduce
the
following
in
corroboration
sk
assertion.
PD
de
it
of
our
mode
Kandy
vital parts.
this
was a
With
favourite
we were
186
The animal
and memory.
enormous
of
and was
size,
neck
the noble
who accompanied us
upon
his
desired the
side.
of
command,
!"
The
it,
as
if
motions as
if
Tr
ia
man on
the
it
alternately
ud
placing
io
This he
if satis-
fied the
St
above his head and stood motionless; the chief then ordered him " to complete his
PD
sk
de
entire strength
When we
upon
to
memory
evinced by
187
the creature.
elephant's
sagacity and
mean
Cuvier, no
marked
rhom-
Tr
ia
boidalibus.
and a half
is also diversified,
bodies, whilst
many
their
are
mottled
all
over their
sk
hue.
as
and
others
colour,
PD
flesh
their
elephant
to ten feet,
St
colour
have a portion of
ud
The
io
de
was
intro-
all
downwards.
The
in-
tusks vary in
188
feet,
and
their
weight
a full-grown
to
animal.
Formerly the
traffic
pally carried on
was
as their
singular,
we
the
was
subjoin a statement.
princi-
Tr
ia
mode
in elephants
and
for
Numberless extraordinary
ud
io
St
vouch
will not
own
species
we have never
elephant
and, although
we
we
who
in juxta-position,
de
sk
as
their
PD
by those of
you hardly
to
be believed, which
is,
One
I will
that
when
them,
in
them up again."
tlie
elephant
excessive pain
tormented
and an
in-
is
or fly,
189
rolls itself
on
is
Tr
ia
io
The elephants are now only found in the thickl}'wooded forests of the interior, although under the
first
English
ud
St
to
many weeks
is
the
mode
de
As
sk
into kraals.
generally the
we
often described,
ATMADDOO,
made
either
in
we
is
The ropes
or hand-snaring.
for
PD
at
one end
the hunters
190
and allowing
to
it
and awaiting
moment
the favourable
slip
the
tree.
is
The
stumbling
finally
route
Tr
ia
by twisting
neighbouring
trees,
securely
ud
io
St
with safety.
tamed
to
to
the
to protect
be removed
PD
Under
fastened
sk
de
extremity of the
tail.
These
Sometimes,
to please
and captured
was a prisoner
in
in his presence,
Kandy
for
twenty-one years,
191
says,
kmg
if
they did,
and there
city,
cured.
if
headsmen summoned
them
Tr
ia
stray
to
two or
chance
for
for,
lost,
It
is
little
short of death."
known
well
these
ud
which was
io
St
is
it is
" liora
PD
alia^''
a rogue-elephant,
elephant
sk
found or heard
of,
de
life,
apparently in wantonness
to lie in
wait near
them
to the jungle.
192
suffer
at
times
the
paddy-fields,
will
trees,
natives
and occa-
of the night.
cocoa-nut
and,
when they
and, by con-
tree,
Tr
ia
their
palm.
io
is
ud
The
mals
light, or the
their eyes
St
will
elephant-shooter
invariably
endeavour
PD
beams
sk
possible, the
forehead, as
it
is
de
if
to fall
will inflict
to
no serious
is
to
injury,
be found.
unless
when
the ponderous
and motionless
of the comparative, pigmy destroyer.
creature lies prostrate
Balls
the brain
at the feet
game,
it
is
customary
it
away
as a trophy,
193
incision acting
its
Tr
ia
off in
io
for assistance.
it
this
adventurous
St
ud
The most
man
well,
elephants.
culous, and
among
he had
PD
that
sk
which, although
it
the
many we
is
de
strictly correct.
which
they always
make preparatory
trunk,
its
to a charge.
The
him
him on
I.
upon
194
and
it
places,
and
size
saved his
room
to
life,
as
use his
When
full strength.
sportsmen came up
to the
his brother
Tr
ia
when
St
had resolved
ud
io
struggling
We
PD
resolution,
de
sk
journey.
195
longer
companions
corpse,
lifeless
Thus
shelter
the elephant,
of
who had
io
hazardous undertaking.
ud
We
full
and merriment.
Tr
ia
who
his
out,
life
had
ele-
St
for, in
PD
and on the
many
of
sk
de
forty-five degrees.
by the
natives,
196
into
though
fall
earth
it
is
upon
tell;
their
tusks, their
sockets.
is
it
how
a problem to us
accumulated over
Tr
ia
course
them.
io
to
ud
St
When
they are
and a
vvliich
PD
feet
and hinder
part.
sk
de
lor their
and these
We
tribe called
by some
the Linuffian
name
the
Cingalese
creatures,
naturalists
of which
is
Walmeenya.
perfect in
their
the musk-deer,
Moschus meminna,
These diminutive
proportions,
are
the
197
qnadrupeds
all
We
scription.
fourteen
had a full-grown
not exceed
height did
eyes,
lustrous
delicate limbs,
their
the
de-
all
whose
male,
and length
ten inches,
The head
Tr
ia
larly striped
gradually tapered to
io
and
was under
five
of
the Lilliputian
St
weight
the
ud
pounds.
was curious
to observe
how
kindness con-
It
tail
had him,
lift
if
an attempt was
made
when we
to
handle
sk
first
or
PD
de
hoofs.
and allowed
to nibble first
the dishes;
at
the table
one
fruit
last,
he
to
be bestowed
198
upon him.
His
by degrees
crouch
in
at
down
a wild
terror of the
first,
state,
among
toms of
fear,
At
length,
inflicted,
stand close
to,
and
sniff his
coat, and,
his
io
if
left
Tr
ia
and before we
he
ud
cage,
St
alive,
PD
the
and succeeded
in bringing both to
England,
sk
first
de
The
many
is
a variety of the
fiercer,
and abounds
adventurous
is
spirits
Hunt-
for,
should
shoulder, the
199
line,
in-
unerring accuracy,
Their indomitable
when they
This
tacked.
and formerly
called
is
are at-
gaura by the
many
and
fierce,
unmolested.
the natives
will attack
These animals
as
io
markably
are
ud
The
Tr
ia
natives,
animal
powerful fore-legs,
their
sharp
St
and occasionally
sk
coat,
PD
The
marks of humanity.
to
de
and
all
domesticated creatures,
never attacks
human
The Ceylon
its
incapacity to draw
wage
a perpetual
districts,
and
war of destruction
200
their cattle
and poultry.
is
of extermination
astonishment
is,
is
in short,
untried,
left
no scheme
Tr
ia
is
districts, is
The
which shades
or
flesh
PD
and the
throat.
sport,
brown
St
and
full-
ud
grown males
io
black,
is
of a
is
a favourite
young hog
is well-fla-
newly-killed
sk
de
species of weazel,
some of them
rare
many
a peculiar
descriptions of monkeys,
and curious
sloths, squirrels of
porcupines,
the
food
is
201
But
be seen.
the greatest domestic pests in Ceylon,
Amongst
abound
in
We
have
fre-
Tr
ia
at
them
move
and we
will
seized
by
the elephant.
when he was
ud
will
io
we went
into the
verandah
to ascertain
our dogs,
St
PD
sk
de
musk-rat;
prize,
We
its
it
close to
(the dogs
tail,
it
into the
the lamp, to
distinctive peculiarities.
K 5
202
The
not a muscle
was
satisfied,
we threw
when our
curiosity
when
and ran
celerity,
off,
its
to our
amazement the
legs with
all
imaginable
torn to pieces,
it
Tr
ia
see
it.
Assuredly,
stole a
St
The musk-rat
ud
all
but also
io
must admit that the rat not only " stole away,"
tail
the head is
PD
root.
The
thick at the
most power-
sk
de
ful
tail is
and,
if it
llie
peculiar smell
The
numerous
as beautiful,
From
ling,
plumage
and
and observation
be only second
and beauty
aJl
all
able thought
to
203
of,
we
believe Ceylon
to
number
indigenous birds.
game he seeks be an
tridge,
as
snipe,
or
let
the
jungle and
every
io
to
Tr
ia
quails,
morass
ud
St
slender form
enables
it
to
its
thicker
penetrate
are
The land-leech
clothing.
sk
what
PD
through
is
is
to
de
The dimensions
are quite
but
They
their bites
204
causing great
irritation
and,
if
places are
the-
As
their
mo-
remove
or to
them
in taking
for,
your
off"
dangerous
to
pluck
if
oft"
is
Tr
ia
them
It
off.
who
io
whose
wounds
whilst
St
iheir bites,
ud
are of
those
others
who
live
freely,
and
and ultimately
PD
fester,
Many
sk
de
are to be found.
all
wooded
hills.
if
the branch
is
the ticks
leaves in
fall
upon
his
205
as their sting
is
These
ing supervenes.
filthy
itch-
form, and
flat,
when
we
many
have
seen
we
but,
The
legs of ticks
seem
an inch wide.
to
Tr
ia
be provided with
io
effort to
remove
ud
to
cluster
will
are
St
between the
PD
toes,
sk
de
We
to pull
them out
manner
used
to
be bitten
care
tor-
mentors.
'206
and
in Ceylon,
it is
We
shall neither
The
Ceylon
the
is
This
it
asserted that
reptile is
handsomely marked
the teeth
are large
is
very great.
The
creature
PD
homy
reptile to
sk
de
the
which
They
tail,
it
to
io
in
informant.
has two
full-
feet long,
and a half
in regular
ud
feet,
one twenty-five
St
twenty
seventeen
Tr
ia
uncommon
from being
is far
may come
boa-constrictor,
within
its
reach.
same manner as
and
ing
it
seize
prey
is
known
to
young
believed to bejackalls.
The Cingalese do
upon a
deer, or
207
as
it
rarely
attacks man.
The
hooded snake,
cobra-capello, or
considered sacred,
is
Goutama Buddha,
it is
although
venomous
its
is
tives
destroying
nature
well
of
arrival
The
called
by them
to
Tr
ia
as
is
Europeans, to ex-
by the
cobra, or naga.
is
caught, instead of
St
ud
inflicted
io
it,
will secure
PD
be rid of
some
the night to
fear
de
and convey
distant
and
sk
Those who
it,
whose
desire
village,
or
during
jungle.
the destruction of
superstition
it
life,
causes them
make a com-
receptacle,
inmate,
for
and
to
is
208
Therefore,
we warn our
readers,
if,
Cinnamon
the
Isle,
in the course of
wnnder through
a river's
may be
greeted with
This
when
reptile,
full
Tr
ia
osity.
grown,
in length,
feet
time to
flee
if
seen by a
poisonous and
human
being
is
St
in
io
ud
The
snakes,
often found
and varies
is
PD
sk
can dart.
The
de
before
coil,
makes its
be most terrific
deadly spring,
upon the
is
said to
following occurrence
is
it
its
unerring-
it
and the
indelibly imprinted
upon
our memory.
A
and
legal friend
to relieve
was going on
the
circuit to Jaffna,
209
He
sport.
observed
fate at
for
became deeper,
the footfalls
itself;
and
Tr
ia
hole,
stance filling
up
io
it
and
satisfy himself
to his
St
when,
ud
PD
before stepped
and
had time
to coil
sk
erect itself.
tic-polonga, although
de
The
more
to
somewhat
smaller,
almost instantaneously
tile
it
fatal,
and the
is
bite is
terrible rep-
in short,
the
This
contrary,
snake
is
peculiarly
active
in
and
Ceylon.
spiteful.
210
venomous fangs
effects of its
all,
are the
same upon
men who
recovered
being stung.
tic-polonga
is
long,
length
the head
is
is
triangular,
The
Tr
ia
we
after
and
The Cin
much
as they venerate
io
ud
by them.
men
call the
PD
is
of Serendib
isle
that
valley,
St
" In the
there
is
abundance
happy
its
It
fields
sk
rice in
vale of Kotmale.
produce
dif-
de
when
At
this period
earth, a tic-polonga
thirst,
and
more successful
;;
Oh puissant cobra,
me where T may find the
rage.
tell
'
hast revelled.'
cumberest
'thou
cobra,
211
the
earth,
wherefore
Lo,
only child
is
Tr
ia
to injure
if I
'
swear by
all
the gods of
io
parched tongue.'
in front of
it
'
Thou
ud
the infant.'
yonder hamlet
seest
St
harm
spot,
the
rushing
de
delicious liquid,
touching
him
his
sk
in
PD
heat.'
to
waters.
inflicted
to
the
bathing
Having quaffed
her, and,
His
as
evil
the
soul prompted
and
girl
the infant.
kill
summer-
way
a mortal wound.
the
he approached
As he
retired
who
the
thus
addressed him.
oath
thou
'
Hast thou
swearest unto
212
me
The blood of
Thou shalt
thy victim
geance.
cries
for
ven-
And, darting
die.'
him
surely
instantly."
we cannot
and
till
notice
we presume
exterminated,
is
ud
beautiful
little
and
ichneumon,
is
invariably
PD
the assailant
the
creature,
St
The
only exception
this rule
an indignity.
is
The
as
io
if
Tr
ia
to
which
and,
to the island,
less.
its
teeth
until the
sk
never uncloses
de
commencing
the
particular plant
tries
to escape,
fight the
snake
ichneumon runs
rather incredulous
upon
is life-
to a
this serves
We
are
ichneumon
air,
extends
we
if in
either
We
an enclosed space.
antipathy of the
the
if
213
cannot
ichneumon
encounters
pello.
The
The
fifteen.
is
Tr
ia
feet;
Ganges,
io
equally ferocious,
his canoe
sk
and
by-
reptiles
in small sheets of
flat
and devoured
PD
Putlam these
never
men and
man who
St
animals
ud
de
way from
sport,
in
the
jungles,
making
and the
creatures,
lives of
and consider
many
it
valuable dogs
fre-
the water.
and
fire
as they approach
214
is
much
called sporting.
are
flesh,
wood being
extremity of the
This apparatus
the
strings
men
is
when
the bait
io
numerous
is
float indicating
Tr
ia
attached.
by attendants, the
the
lines, to
a piece of
ud
in
is
the creature
is
to
break
St
We
PD
have
many
sk
de
repeat,
calling
themselves
crocodile-charmers
know
men
abound,
Putlam
will
go
in
if
who drag
tion,
Those
nets.
whilst
others
shout and
215
paratively
upon the
strike
struggle but
little
who com-
when entangled
in
the net.
fire-arms, remain
Tr
ia
drawn
leg, as that is
ball,
surface of the
mode
powder and
natives in using
St
the
And
creature.
The
ud
wound
io
PD
crocodile's skin,
it
to wasting
and
irregular
is difficult for
de
The
sk
the reptile.
is
wound
proverbial, as
by
arrive
bark
immediately
on
216
It is impracticable to particularize
insect tribe,
although Ceylou
many
of the
as rich in these
is
fire-flies
And what
is
most extraordinary
away
is,
that
io
furniture,
useless.
is
will
it
Tr
ia
intimation you
first
St
apparently
ud
beam
falling
the
down
in particles of dust
PD
is
At
or
cer-
and possibly,
sk
to
few minutes
de
compound,
is
to
way
have a
to entice
fire
them out
kindled
in
the
these insects.
The Cingalese
boiled rice,"
call
their nests
broken
white
a fine
to
grains of rice.
We
217
honeycomb
and
for their
laudable spirit
of investigation,
bitten or
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
bite;
VOL.
I.
CHAPTER
the Mosaic
Aborigines Island
PD
Indian
visited
island,
conqueror,
by the Komans
Rome Account
by Comas Indicopleustes
centui-y
and produce
Hindoo and
St
Cingalese records
sixth
Size, fertility,
Wijeya
io
Mentioned by
IX.
ud
Tr
ia
218
given in the
Island
first
sk
visited
Affecting
de
Dutch
historical
anecdote
Battles The
Ceylon
is
siliiale
between
5*^
56',
and
9^ 50'
has, with
been compared
to
no
less
of"
The
about 900.
is
Its
length
about 276
is
its
219
circumference
superficial area
is
mated
nearly
is
The
a-half.
island
is
esti-
and
it is
separated
Tr
ia
The
scenery
diversity
of
in
great
presents
sea-shoi'e
io
its
ud
rocks, in others
St
PD
three
de
to defy
of
sk
by means
rior,
Many
centuries.
of these
for
more than
mountains are
may be
trees
when
this
It is
is
situated,
it is
useless for
commer-
of cofTee
adapted
for the
cultivation
220
Ceylon alone,
is
and these
lofty
mountains are
frequently extreme
is
times refreshing,
oppression
the
sphere
at
unknown.
The Wellanee,
io
rivers
ud
dora,
Tr
ia
may be
and the
fertility
of this verdant
PD
isle
mountains
St
good water.
sk
The temperature
as in
Newera
de
ably,
of the
it
fall
will
Ellia,
below freezing-point,
range from eighty-six
to ninety-six of Fahrenheit.
From
for
Lanka-Diva, or Ceylon,
and delicious
the sustenance of
man.
The
"2-2
vegetable
riches of
the coffee-bush,
made
whose leaves a
obtained
aromatic spice
into
which
will spring
is
io
The
its
Tr
ia
its
fragrant
its
pure
is
ud
St
woven
tracted
the
leaves,
when
sk
and the
tree,
distilled, or
is
when
]jast
bearing
de
fruit,
ex-
oil is
form a shelter
plaited,
PD
or rope,
into coir,
is
timber
The
cut
is
made
Jack-tree, with
its
enormous
fruit
of an
diameter,
affording
nourishment
domestic use.
is
made
The magnificent
while
its
into articles
bread-fruit-
2-22
with
tree,
splendid
its
and
foliage
fruit
the
and
rind,
delicious fruit
added
apple, cashew-nut,
to these,
fig,
custard-apple,
guava,
we
and
rambatam,
trees,
find the
Malay
mangoe
fruit,
all
Tr
ia
vegetation,
other
we
its
find
broad,
ud
young
io
St
PD
dilla
melon with
its
mottled rind.
amber ananas,
and the grena-
Whilst amongst
sk
de
rice
fruit,
such
bages,
and
the
noble talipat,
many
names
are totally
un-
known
to
Europeans
give an account of
all
produce of Ceylon,
it
The
were we
but,
223
to attempt to
frultfulness of
the earth's
womb
here
is
and topaz.
The
day
and we
Tr
ia
at the present
and,
io
What Heaven
apparent
it is
ud
"
;"
St
From
management, the
PD
diadem.
sk
nies,
de
The Cingalese
brity
are extremely
and antiquity of
historians assert,
in the British
proud of the
their isle
cele-
was peopled
by a race whose mental powers were highly culti-
vated,
Certain
and of
it is,
whom
in
224
tanks,
in
a nation, which had nurtured and brought to perfection the nobler arts.
more particularly
in a future
be noticed
will
paper devoted
to the
we must now
larly,
Tr
ia
volved in obscurity.
from
io
that here
is in-
it
called
all
St
of
ud
to
be
We
PD
seen.
gather from
earlier
sk
tial
is
first
de
circumstan-
or Ceylon,
who
B. c.
lived B.
c.
329 or 80.
Diodorus
Siculus
natives,
fidelity,
indulged
in.
Strabo
states
is
occasionally
that
Taprabane
abounded
'220
iu elephants,
immense
who
Dionysius,
size.
saying,
"
And from
to the
gems and
standing numerous
duced
to
of the
Notwith-
fragrant spices.
io
tusks, the
treats of
Tr
ia
other proofs
ud
animals."
is
sity of
St
among
PD
writers, as to the
would be unprotit-
disquisitions
sk
their various
it
on
this
subject,
de
we
presumed
"
226
fertile,
established
upon
themselves
it.
it,
whom
they deno-
minated Galas.
Chingalais."
The
other statement
is,
assert,
upon them
Why
io
sities,
Tr
ia
Singha.
but to us
it
name
is
of
called
can matter
St
ud
conquered
his
who
PD
sk
and
them completely,
complexion and features. But there is
de
both in
To
us
it
is,
to
be
is
de-
227
scended.
now
blood
is
how-
aborigines,
ever, are
it
difficult to
is
of
inhabitants of Ceylon
distinct race,
and
terior, living
in the jungle,
be found
are only to
in the in-
or in rude
in caves,
Tr
ia
ud
Veddahs
io
and these
town,
We
have
with
the
inhabitants.
St
or intermarry
All
these
PD
intelligible to
facts,
is
un-
island.
therefore,
sk
de
Indians.
[t is
distinctly
called, as
Hindoos, Lanka-diva.
It
to
may
it
now
54."5,
is
by
not be irrelevant
2387
B.C.,
the
228
island
(late
there
tween
are but
it,
by the wickedness of
their
in this
be-
difference
to the
and
sea,
forty years
dehige by
The
native
and
this also, is a
remarkable
rea-
Cingalese records
"
state,
Tr
ia
similarity
io
ud
Sri-Lanka-poora, and
St
known
PD
brass, are
sk
de
And
Rama-yama, the
oldest epic
is set forth in
poem
extant.
the
Having
we
Em-
Roman
229
Ceylon
Romans
with hospitality
their sojourn
upon
their de-
lous
writers
account as fabu-
by the
his statement
fact,
that
Many modern
Roman monarch.
treat this
borne out in
is
Tr
ia
dors
Roman
medals of
We
ud
Mantotte, in Ceylon.
io
St
sail,
to
the
PD
trade.
sk
it
this assertion,
Romans
de
the
and although
for
to
it
it
was
perfectly practicable
to
have sailed
is
first
century after
230
in his
Empire,'' writes
Roman
traffic
pound of which
was esteemed not inferior in value to a pound of
gold precious stones, amongst which the pearl
claimed the first rank after the diamond and a
variety of aromatics that were consumed in reliwere splendid and
trifling
silk,
pomp
io
to
The
principal exports
Romans
with
the
exception
of the
St
luxurious
of funerals."
enumerated appear
ud
articles here
Tr
ia
and personal
PD
sk
therefore
we may
to
de
considerable.
About
fairly
Rome was
Chinese began
veyed
231
We
of the history or
quote the
and
size,
he writes
They have no
which
in a state ol
latter
they
make
and sesame, of
nudity,
the
position
its
Their food
oil.
is
Tr
ia
"
After describing
1244.
island, a.d,
will
milk,
flesh,
many
St
is
a very
costly
ud
io
rice,
PD
is
impracticable, as
it
is said,
sk
em-
purpose
persons attain
Adam, our
parent,
is
for that
de
ployed
And
first
veracity of detail,
the
reported to be found."
was stamped
contemporaneous
writers,
as fable, both
and
those
by
who
232
Ill
mode
gems and
precious
From
we have
much
tali-
authorS;,
came
at
once
state, that, in
after
Europeans, we
will
were permitted
to trade.
io
ud
Don Lorenzo
but
it
Tr
ia
it
St
we must
take
PD
sk
de
fare, either
From
these accounts,
was frequently
its
native
appears
it
in a state of war-
Muormen
of the
fresh
and
hostilities;
the
and
adjacent
it
is
apparent that
country became
Kandy
subjugated
who placed
a prince
own
233
by the
The
island
was divided
each ruled by
ally
Dutch
make
own
its
rulers, until
dethroned
force of British
in 1815.
king,
who would
continu-
weaker
would merge
and
captive,
into that of
tlie
Tr
ia
the
his
kingdom
conqueror.
io
arts
ud
the
St
PD
which
by
are dis-
shall
now
de
We
sk
when
the
produce of Europe
of
their
island.
History
asserts
that
it
was
pursuit of
some Moorish
pirates
whom
they
234
had seen
Bay
The Portuguese
of Colombo.
at that
Malabar
Goa
Goa,
on the
facility for
to
liar
in the east
Tr
ia
io
ingly,
we
ud
effect.
Accord-
St
From
PD
extracted
And now
it
de
"
sk
guns,
chored in Colombo.
The
always
race of
;
are exceed-
in motion.
men
iron,
Their drink
is
235
According
to the
Tr
ia
king of Por-
to the
io
been considerable
for,
when
it
must have
the Portuguese
mo-
fleet
commander of
tribute, the
PD
payment of the
in 1518,
narch sent a
still,
St
ud
this
many
" In
the harbour of
sk
beiro):
Colombo we found
de
Red
Sea, and
and
rengo,
who took
forced
the
Prackrama refused
hostilities
to
pay the
possession of Colombo,
Cingalese
monarch
to
and
acknowledge
On
was
was
carried on with
more
236
whole of
when
of"
the former j,
and successor
to his throne,
Tr
ia
io
Between the years 1518 and 1536, the Portuguese had introduced the form of Roman Catholic
Colombo, and Juan Monteira, the
Romish bishop
of Ceylon, died at
St
tery in
endowed a monas-
ud
first
in the
latter year.
Colombo
PD
maa
John
to
de
mony and
rejoicings, the
Cingalese monarch,
by
extreme cere-
with a numerous
the court of
sk
the
retinue,
king of Por-
acknowledging that he
287
accidentally
the succeeding year, the Portuguese raised Dharraaa Paala to the throne, thereby exciting consi-
uncle of
Dharmaa Paala
much bloodshed
ensued.
Tr
ia
ud
women
St
castes, such as
of Portuguese
turn Chrhtians, and to live with
PD
gold, began to
this
humowas and
about this
" From
io
the Portuguese
sk
of the Cingalese
;"
and
it is
women
de
Ceylonese, as they
principally
call
sprung.
These
themselves, in contradis-
genitors.
not allowed
to
retain
238
at the
in the defeat
advanced age
of one hundred and twenty years, which event occurred in the year 1592.
resolved
that purpose,
loss.
was
and
this
first
their pos-
St
sessions in the
ud
tive,
Dutch
io
It
for
state,
an in-
Tr
ia
dependent
upon subjugating
to this period
island
PD
to
consequently,
Admiral Spillbergen
men-of-
commu-
de
sk
three
The
fleet anchoi'ed
29th of March in that year, and the admiral immediately commenced a correspondence with the
o-overnor of Batticalloa,
and
finally
despatched a
messenger to the king of Kandy, Wimala Dharmaa, who received him with cordiality, and sent a
letter to the admiral, written
by himself, inviting
239
Accordingly, on the
treated
desirous to
faci-
Tr
ia
their inspection.
lity for
ud
Europe.
St
The
customs, and
io
religion of
ticalloa
on the
'Snd
de
for,
sk
made
PD
these vessels,
finally
captured
to the
king of Kandy.
De Weerd was
by the Dutch to Ceylon, and was received by
their new ally, Wimala Dharmaa, in the most
In the following year, Schalt
sent
king of
sailed
240
quently exasperated the king of Kaiidy by breaking the treaty of alliance, and releasing four Por-
Wimala Dharrnaa's
him against
suspicion, cautioning
new
allies.
Tr
ia
excited
faith
and breach of
treaty
him on board
his ship
io
king
to her.
De Weerd continued
must return
St
ud
PD
to press
sk
de
less she
to
if his
request
Dharmaa immediately
De
pig!" A
seize
dians
carry
Wimala
monarch's
orders
into
effect,
to
and
of
241
were
attendants
his
killed.
It is
De Weerd
met the
Dutchman, who
drew on
his
head
and,
the
estimation
excuse,
if
of
all
in
Tr
ia
right-minded
men
this
the Dutch, in
io
The
ally.
St
with an
ud
by
there be peace
It
de
let
sk
PD
sent
the death of
did not
who
De Weerd
declare
to
ther, Senerat,
who married
the
widowed queen
of
Kandy.
We
find
I.
until
242
new
treaty
mence building a
The
at Cottiar.
fort
Portu-
fort
Tr
ia
Dutch
and Moormen,
after
attack
to
io
guese,
fort,
composed of Portu-
soldiers,
ud
of
the
a desperate resist-
the
St
in
women and
pants, including
children.
allies,
by the Portu-
sk
guese,
PD
array of 5,000
men
in
pursuit,
who
fell
de
in
own
with
terri-
and vanquished them, making many prisoners, from whom they demanded heavy rantories,
soms.
The king
of
Kandy now
menced war
cessfully
from
resolved
upon ex-
we learn
Goa proceeded
and, in 1614,
that an envoy
to
Kandy, and
From
to accede to.
Kandians, assisted
the
243
by the Dutch,
we
at
find
con-
severe defeats
the
far
and
it
was only
after
a pro-
Tr
ia
Colombo,
as
io
Colombo.
Raja Singh a
St
eldest son,
ud
II.
as
PD
sk
de
to
demand by
flying to arms,
acceded
the
to
commotion produced by
their
own
who
civil
designs.
of the invading
it
readily
expectation that
number
that
and
army Ribeiro
was composed
while
244
it
three
might,
is
it
after
com-
did penetrate
ransacking Kandy,
Gannaruwa.
putting
all to
Tr
ia
by the sword
death, either
or bar-
in
Europeans
es-
St
caped
off
a pyraraidical
ud
form, as a warning to
io
their
PD
to assist ])im in
Batavia
for that
de
to
sk
driving
purpose,
who were
received
by Rajah Singha.
by the
215
in his hands.
now
command
ar-
satisfactorily
Wes-
of a force of six
wresting
Batticalloa,
it
a token of gratitude,
to the
Tr
ia
immediately
of the Indies.
io
in
fort
was razed
left
St
to the
ud
The
fort at
stroyed.
on
fortifications
the
eastern
that the
fate, so
belonging
coast,
to the
Por-
sk
tuguese,
PD
whole of the
Batticalloa
de
to
rage
with renewed vigour, success following the Kandian and Dutch troops.
Negombo,
made by
to the north,
after a faint
a fortilicd
spirits
resistance
of the
men
followed
taking
246
which was
de Galle,
made
side of his
assault,
and
life
fell
and heroic
men
at the entreaty
of his noble
wife.
Tr
ia
where her
recorded by Ribeiro,
who
and which
states, the
io
is
to
governor
was mar-
passionately attached
St
ried
ud
to
woman,
remained
At
PD
after
sk
de
about
him when
life.
him
man and
Finding
to take her
Dutch
officer,
to
her
who was
247
gallant governor
healed.
place,
fortifications
Kandy
ceived
Rajah Singha
civility,
and, although he
St
promised to
re-
ud
to
necessary to call
it
io
Tr
ia
PD
sk
de
him
to
have awakened
to
that they
it
Portuguese.
Admiral
much
Koster
as from
vehemently
last
248
peremptorily refused.
the
ministers
king's
of
interfering
prevent
to
High words
king's presence
the
he was never
murdered
on the
was
destined to reach, as he
road between Kandy and Batticalloa, it is said
immediately
for
by the king's
orders.
which
Tr
ia
Galle,
to
io
ud
St
over the
In the year
Negombo
PD
fortified the
in
Negombo,
all
at every
fort,
sk
mounted
corner of the
was entered
de
The Dutch
carried off
"249
teeth.
natmally excited the anger and aronsed the vengeance of Rajah Singlia, who without loss of time
caused
Stell, prisoner,
head, and
him
to
be strangled, then
sent
it
year
1655,
hostilities
again recom-
io
the
Tr
ia
the
the
Portu-
following,
St
ud
PD
energy
de
the
sk
of the Portuguese.
to that city,
blockading
it
and, after severe loss on both sides, and an obstinate resistance on the part of the Portuguese for
seven months,
it
was surrendered by
capitulation,
allowed to
retire
The accounts
unimpeded
to Jaflnajiatani.
250
Reduced
to starvation, they
frightful.
life
maternal
love being
sustain
to
life.
These ac-
we
fall
over them.
Tr
ia
Not contented with the victory they had althe Dutch pursued the Portu-
io
ready obtained,
prisoners of war.
made
it
St
months,
arti-
ud
PD
by the Dutch
pillaged,
wives dishonoured,
and
sk
plantations destroyed,
houses
de
is
at
all
its
much
greater
to
how
of
But
atrocities recorded
251
in
which
Ceylon
but
pacem justissimo
bello antefero."
:"
in the cultivation of
Tr
ia
We
it,
people,
when they
first
took pos-
io
that
session of
ud
siderable
spirit
and
St
to
their principal
erection of
some
military posts to
awe
the natives.
sk
But
PD
fication of a
de
view.
all
around
it,
and no station could be pointed out more commodious for a depot, either of merchandize or mili-
tary stores.
who were
sent to the
more anxious
command
at Ceylon,
were
by conquest,
252
and
their avarice
by extortion, than
to
f
pursue a
The Portuguese,
by
their
there-
deprived of
it."
by
Tr
ia
self-evident
little
pearl-fishery
that
so
little
we may conclude
attention
was paid
to
that
the
St
comparatively
ud
records
io
earth,
it
PD
However,
whom
sk
culties,
diffi-
de
ally harassed
their
The
following
and commanders
is
list
of Portuguese governors
in Ceylon, as given
by Ribeiro:
253
Francois
de
Mello de
Colombo was
lost.
whom
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
254
CHAPTER
Historical accouBt continued
Ceylon
maiy
by
to the British
List
of
Sum-
Pliilalethe's
The
Dutch Governors
St
Cingalese character
j&."om
io
siuTcnderecl,
ud
Dutch
Tr
ia
X.
PD
first atithor
who
sk
de
From
we
learn
255
and
sti'ongholds occupied
fortified
places
Tr
ia
fur-
to assure the
to
be appeased by assur-
occasionally, he
their
to
ances, or professions
monarch of
ud
court,
St
Kandian
io
would
re-
PD
sk
de
spirited
life
in
to leave
the attempt.
Kandy,
or
This noble-
find re-
ought
to
down
as an
example of dauntless
to posterity
fully
to
his court,
256
outside
had come
palace
the
to take leave of
his Majesty, as he
diately for
made by
the
palace without
On
to
Tr
ia
ceive
the
was
to re-
We
in so doing.
himself a
ud
duct
io
that
St
And
a course of action.
PD
had the Duch invariably pursued an open, honourable course with Rajah Singha, they would not
sk
No
de
that
court
Knox
Kandian
"The
their
of
advantage of
it
by
flattering
spirit,
make
him with
servants,
and that
their
Mait is
him
employed
country.
And
thus,
coming up
by
but
falls
great
io
to
upon
are
upon them
at
ud
he
to
which
St
vail
Tr
ia
and
flattering
in his Majesty's
for sustenance,
and
prevent
forts,
to
foreign nations
service, so
257
damage."
Lanka-diva and
PD
when
la
de
de
sk
Cottiar,
and im-
Rajah
them permission
Trincomalee.
wards
to build a fort
Monsieur de
his stead
la
Coromandel
Bay
of
shortly after-
coast, sending in
near the
Haye
Most unfortunately
258
ill
hot-headed
Rajah Singha's
court,
This ex-
Monsieur de
la
The Dutch,
Tr
ia
prisoner.
and the
their vessels,
French
and which,
PD
been
So terminated the
scheme concocted by
the
built.
near Trinco-
St
only
fort
io
some of
ud
affairs,
for the
in all
successful,
had
probait
not
De
sk
de
it
being a national
it is
self-sufficient vanity,
in
fail-
For vanity,
caused the
and the
effect
shaking
it
259
is
when
1679,
Van
to
To
this the
king pro-
and
raised
infir-
eighty.
Knox
year,
Tr
ia
been
ud
io
historical events
was succeeded
sk
a pro-
PD
1685,
St
whom
Knox
de-
he frequently
de
who
in
motion,
He was
abstemious
in his
260
diet,
and chaste
in morals,
among
"
Knox
his court.
Many
times
writes
when he hears of
the misde-
but
little
women
not one
to
remain
but,
is
by
Tr
ia
command
little
and
little,
when
in
ud
io
again."
common
with most
St
PD
at
de
sk
Dharma Suriya
and, being
remain
counsel
died,
and was
The
261
commencement
of
Mang
to Ceylon.
liing
who
became
the Malays
it
was
this
that
to
main
that event
The
Ceylon.
vernor
to re-
to this effect
implore
letter
Rumph was
the
dominions
St
in
king of Kandy,
upon
ud
for the
all
io
Dutch, preserving
Tr
ia
" To
PD
sk
1723,
the
de
forty-four in
Dutch
at Batavia,
into the
by the Dutch.
made an attempt
to render
himself an independent
had recourse
to the
most atrocious
scheme
cruelties,
and
262
He was
to Batavia, tried,
his country,
his
body
to
to
be broken alive
be quartered, and
to
humanity
sea.
It is revolting to
Tr
ia
io
still
St
them Christian
ud
PD
that
sk
de
vile
he was most
prone
to anger,
all this,
Notwith-
263
peaceable possession,
had
been
considerably
two Kandian
last
Buddhist religion
neglected,
the
priests
having become lax and careless in the administration of the various rites thereof; and, in 1745,
Tr
ia
Sreevvijaj^a
be allowed
to
come
to
Kandy,
restore the
to
io
In compliance
ud
who
set to
work
fulfil
St
appears that
PD
It
sk
and Buddhism
to all its
de
former
grandeur.
During
this
reign,
some of
were renewed
hostilities
and, although
by
Dutch; and,
died,
264
Kirtisree
Rajah
who,
Singha,
in
1750,
sent
Buddha;
of
cure priests
and,
Siamese
and Welle-
was placed
wike,
Buddhist
of the
under the
title
of
these
1753,
in
accompanied by some
head
at the
establishment in the
island,
Sanga Rajah.
Tr
ia
io
tion,)
PD
this
portion
de
is
for nine
hideous
the
Dutch appear
1766, a
to
new
contending
the
after
months, and
to
on between
the
Dutch made
kingdom,
of the
From
the
sk
retook
when
themselves masters of
bera, and
as, in
in fresh hostili-
St
ties, (for
ud
parties,
read
of.
was carried
until
the
the
all
on
the
sea
coast
265
and
the
Dutch now might look upon themselves as conhaving brought the eastern potentate
querors,
king,
were to be
to his court,
and
the
the
Dutch went
Tr
ia
acted by
totally abolished.
We
ud
io
monarch of the
as
St
ambassador
PD
him with
to furnish
the
sk
de
a treaty.
ment had
to
bestow,
and
can be
to this only
pression
the
Rajah Singha
produced by
this
breach of
faith,
on
VOL.
1.
266
most prejudicial
and probity of
the honour
to
England.
1781, Kirtisree Rajah
In
troops
took possession
territories in
of
and our
which
Trincomalee,
Dutch
in the
August
St
Sir
ud
of the
Mr.
ships.
expedition
PD
the
sk
Kandy, and
did
to
that island
io
Tr
ia
Dutch
not reach
de
March, owing
although
as
left
ambassador
Trincomalee
Kandy
to the
until
the
to
to his
sent
February, but
in
the
beginning of
Trincomalee
is
less
with
king of
than
for,
180 miles
having
dense
at
times to
forest,
Boyd and
force
or jungle.
their
his
companions
way through
Previously to quitting
by Mr.
gha:*
Hugh Boyd
267
to
"
Tr
ia
suppose your
io
ud
they have
now
St
whom
the Dutch,
driven entirely
"To
PD
them
against
Dutch,
Vice-admiral
Edward
Sir
sk
the
Negapatam.
carry
de
and marine
now
command
forces in India, is
Company. He has
forts
alread}^
of
This
Hugh
letter will
Boyd,"
vol. II.
268
out opposition
and he
is
fort,
called Ostendburgh,
which must
arms.
" This will certainly have been effected long
before your highness can have received this let-
But
ter.
in the character
with which
have the
am
to
your
ti'ansmitting
in
particulars, to assure
it is
only against
ud
to
you that
io
highness, I
portunity
Tr
ia
and attention
St
PD
will
be treated
sk
ing to a declaration
Edward
de
chief,
Hughes,
and commander-in-
admiral
it
will
to
give
am happy
in
your highness,
you pleasure
to
" As
expected soon
to
on by them
enemies,
by
their friends, I
am
ordered
his
communicate
to
to
sible,
269
which
him,
have the
I shall
it
to
know,
to
me
conduct
will
you
thither
be pleased
to
io
and
desire, as
I shall
Tr
ia
soon as
transactions of so
I
am
much
importance,
happy
you.
PD
your high-
St
"
ud
only wait
to
to deliver
de
I shall
sk
all
ground
to
your highness.
(Signed)
"
Upon
Hugh
Boyd,"
Kandy,
;i70
ill-accorded
" It
is
with
British
the
now twenty
years
since
we
replied
promised aid
left,
and
not a
to injure
Tr
ia
io
ud
that
but
all
sk
truth
PD
St
ever
quitted
Kandy
March, without
de
namely,
to
make
years
we
left
the
Kandy
and
for
some
in undis-
first
and, in
all
subject to the
and the
271
statistical returns
of both
sexes,
Tr
ia
force, to
more than
ud
fort
io
as
In the
it.
British
the
command of
November and
under the
forces,
PD
to
St
now
de
Success
sk
and General
Colombo, the
now,
and
Majesty's
Stewart
seat of
marched
resolved
upon attacking
that
place
with
his
rivers swollen
by the
late rains
but no
272
auibush
was
laid
by the Dutch
to obstruct the
Kelany (about four miles from the Fort of Colombo), which was defended by a strong
there halted to await the expected
Dutch
fort,
and
coming of the
troops.
Colombo.
and retreated
fort,
Tr
ia
abandoned the
St
ud
io
sk
PD
headed by a French
ofl&cer,
who were
sent to meet
de
Colombo surrendered,
British forces,
by
capitulation,
to
after
the
Within a
short period, the whole of the forts and possessions in the island belonging to the
delivered
We
up
Dutch were
to our troops.
facile a
it
troops
the
orders,
men
and the
officers
of
force
of Hollanders, the
with some
Wirtemberg,
all
Tr
ia
Regiment
According
rights.
French
273
of the invaders."
who
The
took Galle
Kiltenstein, A.
first,
J.
was W.
in 1640,
Thysz,
J.
J. Koster,
Matsuyher,
J.
Van
Van
Peil, T.
Van Rhee,
PD
Hustaur, L.
sent there as
ud
governors.
St
give the
we
io
De Heer, C. J. Simonsy, N.
Rumph, A. Moll, J. Hertenberg,
Becher, T. A.
J. P.
Schagen,
sk
G.
J.
De Rhoo,
P.
de
D. V. Domburg,
W.
J.
M. Bruininch, D. Ovcrpeck,
inch, D. Overpeck, J. V. S.
Vreeland, J.
De
Von
W. M.
Bruin-
Galnesse, G.
Joug, J. G. Saton,
J.
Van
Schrender,
Van
to the British.
N 5
27-1
their
own mode
among
professed converts
of worship
This
Cingalese.
which pro-
The Dutch
en-
It
was
JiJ'sl cultivated.
The
that
pearl-
management
io
their
pepper, cardamons,
consequently,
ud
fisheries
coffee,
Tr
ia
profitable
St
and promising
it
must have
trivial nature,
a settlement
when
so
was wrested
shall
PD
We
sk
who
de
as Christians
OEYLOxX
275
enterprise began
view
the English
commenced
rule
their
to eradicate
in
Ceylon,
which had
and
These
fearful
Dutch
examples,
successors.
set
by professing
stamped upon
io
reli-
Tr
ia
ud
become engrafted
St
PD
sk
lethe's
History of Ceylon,"
in
support of our
de
We
"
of prudence,
humanity.
It is
it
has
all
270
which
and
it
and consequently
truth,
The
But
their god.
Dutch
is
as un-
Tr
ia
to all that
Avarice
it
affections,
io
ud
is
a cold, cal-
it
and concentrating
renders the heart
siderations
St
those
who
with
PD
sk
avarice of the
Dutch proved
The
insensate
as unfavourable to
de
277
Tr
ia
CHAPTER XL
io
Kaudian character
ud
lowlands
ii-on
PD
St
officers
Major Davie
Suimnary ofpoli
policy of General Macdowall Noble
events
conduct of Captain Nouradeen Bravery of Major Johnson
Thomas Maitland succeeds the Honourable
Frederick North The judicious rule of Governor North.
sk
de
tical
Sir
Before we
enter
rule,
we
will give
278
All those
own sovereigns and rulers.
who have written upon Ceylon remark,
their
authors
moun-
an insult to a Kandian to
It is
districts
call
him
variably
make
Cingalese
when speaking
latter,
of the
the inhabit-
Tr
ia
contempt.
calling them
ud
The Kandians
io
much
St
it
was
stated to us
PD
(and
and mean
vile,
ser-
assert
by a Kandian chief of
sk
now
so fearfully prevalent in
de
these
"
Of
all
stealing, the
=4
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
CINGALESK MAN.
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
279
They do much
comand
extol
be abhorred."
making
he gives the
this statement,
is
somewhat
contradictory, as
great al-
io
which
many promises
relative
St
ceived
But
ud
fol-
After
Tr
ia
to
release)
to place
much
reliance
re-
his
to
PD
on their veracity, or enable him to give an unprejudiced opinion as to the national character.
is
much
Not-
truth to be found in
the
de
the
sk
withstanding, there
subtle
and
crafty
in
discourse, cour-
naturally inclined to
neither
in
hard
their disposito
be recon-
280
when angry
ciled
faithful
liking
it
labour
in others;
till
their
in
approving
defeiTing
to
slee]3."
Tr
ia
io
And
ud
to
no small
St
proved
The
PD
a half.
sk
bronze, or brown;
observer's
high
The
de
is
fixedly
is
as
marked
as their
meeting
and undauntedly
and the
While, on the
and crouching;
brown the
;
their
brow
the
;
the
is
ser-
complexion of a yellower
eye, although of
good
size,
seldom
fully
281
the
brow low
Kan-
dian
Although
it is
affirmed
we
all
rially, as
the distinctive
Tr
ia
same parent
being,
Malabars,
who
io
free, warlike,
as
and independent
PD
St
Kandy remained
to
ud
sk
de
who
But the
cally
latter race
conera.
maritime
lowlands and
districts.
any other
282
is
the
especially in
which pervades
classes,
all
been a national
tiates
from
fully
earliest records
would be unadvisable
it
et seriatim
Knox on
to
women
for
ud
evinced by the
quote verbatim
who expa-
this topic,
io
perusal
from the
Tr
ia
of the island
failing,
is
total
disregard
We
chastity.
shall,
St
tract
man
own
sk
her
time
even among
it
husbands and
find a
it is
women
many murders
and
this
de
At
flee
PD
of a
arise
professiug Christianity
lovers,
who come
seized hold
of,
and
unexpectedly,
when
is
the
near,
The government
of
Kandy was an
absolute and
l
Tr
ia
io
ud
St
F
PD
sk
de
sg^.
'S^^
'"^
CINGALESE WOMAN.
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
283
monarch
slavery
practised
But
to a great extent
in
slaves of the
Tr
ia
io
The men
and these
ud
to the
I'eel
dissa-
and
province
PD
tisfied
St
king in person
sk
was constantly
life
sacrificed in the
de
and human
came
provinces.
certain
appointed to the
After
number of
command
this
body were
to
whose business
it
was
to receive
their fellows,
284
The
dis-
who would
offices,
to
The next in rank and power were the ratramawho acted as deputies to those dissaaves,
who commanded the king's guards, or troops, by
Tr
ia
hatmeers,
tricts,
io
Under
these ra-
ud
inferior officers,
who
St
When
the
PD
sk
by the whole of
dissaave,
or
de
ment.
by them
as an
rank, and
implement of punish-
when borne
produced served
to clear the road,
to
Before the
was attended
apprize those
to
warn
all travellers
and leave a
or passers-by
free passage,
and also
or charges to
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
RATRAM AHATMEER
PD
sk
de
ud
St
io
l
Tr
ia
285
ratramahatmeer, was
hand.
AVhen
called for
official,
way
and flogged
first tree,
This busi-
way,
to enact the
Tr
ia
Fines,
ud
tions,
io
inflicted
meers,
and were
state,
St
ments
PD
sk
de
Knox,
their
above
something came
facts, writes
after, that
makes
not at
all
desirable
and
that
is,
which
is
286
SO customary, that
it
no disgrace
is
common
gaol, too
when
so ready,
and
for a iioble-
and
nay,
in
llie
tlie
on one another,
as he
to
hoping
tioners,
to
cuted."
is
found a summary
Tr
ia
when
his subjects
io
dictated
who even
may appear
almost
ud
It
one
man
St
to the extent
and properties,
PD
own
ment
lingly
anomaly presented by
the
we
will
cheerfully
and
our forefathers
intolerable
may appear
it
su]iposition or
into
is
nature, that
de
human
sk
But such
knowledge
that
we
laws, although
tlie
who
or
however
whilst the
are to be forced
us,
to others
wil-
to,
dictated
rules with
adiiiinistration
its
bv a
own
of those laws
287
may be
equitable,
and
for
aggrieved
This
is
not only
ti
be found in every
will
is
describing
the
modes
various
Knox,
Tr
ia
lime
but there
tiles,
is
neither
a clay which
The
St
PD
them
they
is
as white, and
king allow
may
ud
io
to
men
few above
The
build better.
great
sk
site
buildings
one oppo-
de
middle.
house,
Round about
are
banks of clay
to
sit
upon.
Their
and children."
"
288
will
in
quities of Ceylon.
of rice,
the
commodity of food
staple
for
the
He
describes minutely
way than
threshing
Tr
ia
is
at
king thrice
in
ud
He
io
St
produce of the
in the
were brought
to the
and not
in
money."
PD
sk
Knox
order, bring
de
Kandian dominions,
slate
and
it
to
is
of learning in the
have been
to
of degradation,
former times
it
what
it
in a fearftil
had been
in
footing in
the island,
Knox, "
but small;
is
is,
to read
if
write, but
he can do neither
it
nor
no shame
is
289
to
man
The Kandians
other arts."
grinding stone,
which
is
in
still
use
Tr
ia
mode adopted by
from the
PD
to obtain iron
by saying,
mences
that
the
sk
or six feet
it
the
com-
was found
generally lay
de
earth
five
He
ore.
ore
about
set precious
Kandians
and
fingers,
St
from Knox,
ankles,
were frequently
We
nose,
in the gold
into orna-
io
toes
the head,
ud
ments
for
them
softer
and
fitter
for
the
When
furnace.
sort of clay,
a quantity of charcoal
furnace, behind
VOL.
I.
there
a back to the
290
fast in
two pots
of hollow
wood they
tie a
man's finger,
each skin.
in
many
like a spring,
bending
are
two
strings,
sticks
bow
Tr
ia
like a
skin upwards."
He
then
describes
them
melts,
where there
fire,
it
is
purified as they
sk
de
a chop half
the water
that
for the
pur-
the bottom,
PD
of
at
made
pose.
a slanting hole
is
St
is in
ud
io
it is
they so chop
good
that
into
seen
satisfaction of those
observable
Kandians, anterior
the period
to, at
it
may be
among
of,
tlie
and sub-
and we
to
ancient Kandians,
from
subsecutively,
Dutch settlements
taking
in
291
possession
of
the
in
1796.
Kandian
by
court,
to the
Madras government,
the
minary
and
preli-
a definitive one
to negotiate
treaty,
to
Tr
ia
on more enlarged principles, by which the Kandian nation was to have enjoyed privileges and
Ten armed
service,
entirely
carry on
or
profitable,
whom
and the
in the possession
sk
then most
salt-marshes at Putlara,
PD
seways,
free
foreign
St
vessels
to
centuries.
ud
quillity for
io
de
Rajah Singha.
suc-
made
in
the
proposed
treaty,
The
first
to
to
be
which Mr.
to accede.
The proceeds
o 2
of the
292
several
will
fisheries
to
by the employment
offices
of
Malabar Duboshes,
lectors of the
filled
or col-
these
by the Cingalese
Madras governmeht
Tr
ia
These
in their stead.
trivial
dis-
when
io
official
appointments.
The king
ud
sided,
made
of the negocialion,
but, before a defini-
arrangement
PD
tive
St
v\
sk
after a
seventeen years.
treaty
Although he had
five legitiniaie
de
to
nothing
else,
lowing
is
the
personal
neous Works
description
Boyd
:'"
10
in
his
and who
The
fol-
of Rajadhi
" Miscella-
He
"293
is
gent countenance,
as
He
me
in
intelli-
found afterwards on a
On
mind
nearer approach.
attitude put
is
a very important
Tr
ia
made
io
ud
Historians
as to whether
it
and arrived
was a nephew
differ,
island,
St
there in the
PD
sk
lawe, the
Kandy, under the title of Sri Wikrama Rajah Singha, to the exclusion of the royal
family as Prince Mootoo Sawme, the chief or
de
the throne of
first
the crown.
to further his
own ambitious
Wikwhose
views, as Sri
throne,
adikar, Pilimi
294
late
whilst Prince
was
Tr
ia
to Pilimi
Talawe, and
mode
io
tious in his
St
tary one
ud
whom
he had raised
rama,
PD
sk
dictate.
This
as
ignominious
manner it merited,
and the governor made Pilimi Talawe understand,
de
but,
undaunted by
this
him
in
his
prompt
to aid
the
same
nature,
295
The
first
Colombo,
year;
thus
we
find that
immediately
within the
after
Mr.
and
commercial
subjects
to
Tr
ia
portant political,
that
suflferings,
and
io
in
the
of
importation
torture
St
slaves,
ud
and benighted
and
Noble
natives,
PD
sk
wise."
de
and each one in reading this may apply the following text to himself, " Go and do thou likeIn the following year, 1800, Governor North
agreed
to
Kandy, as the
made
name
first
adikar, Pilimi
l^alawc,
had
prime-minister.
ofllicial
capacity of
296
the consent of
if
posed, that
if
It
was
at the
it,
he
enjoy
all
territories, there to
Tr
ia
and
to
depute
to Pilimi
of
Kandy consented to
ud
The king
io
Kandy."
the requisition,
Kandy on his
embassy, escorted " by the light company, and
for
St
19lh
five
regi-
PD
foot,
ment of
Malay
sk
de
North
in
Now,
by Governor
was displayed, as on the road the deputamet with opposition from the natives, and
escort,
tion
that Pilimi
Talawe had
secretly instigated
mode
the
of proceeding.
297
Kandy, where a
Mac
new
to
effect a
isting
historical nature
remained
in statu
Tr
ia
Events of an
ments.
io
point of view.
to
satisfactory
was
sk
Kandy
PD
ambassador
established,
first
was introduced.
of Judicature
St
was now
lion
ud
entered
when
which
into,
de
commercial intercourse,
powers.
it
was
the
violated
first
new
act of aggression,
was
two
ratified,
by plundering some
Kandian dominions.
manded
treaty
British subjects,
in the
that restitution
should be
made
of the
o 5
298
bursefl
the
to
full
threat-
forthwith made.
War was
was not
restitution
Tr
ia
if the
force,
marched
for
St
Kandy.
plete
of a considerable
ud
the head
io
companies of Bengal
artillery,
PD
sk
company of
the
Malay
de
Barbut also
"one company
of the
regi-
Colonel
Trincomalee, commanding
Madras
artillery, five
com-,
and pioneers."
These
divisions, in their
had pursued
differ-
299
Kandian
seat of government,
was
partially de-
stroyed
fired before
Tr
ia
In the
their warlike
ud
arsenal, or
io
St
and appropriated.
de
sk
PD
had
treaty
was
Rajadhi
ratified
by
to the effect
tG>
and
300
is
made
any alliance
considerations,
Mootoo
agreed.
of order.
Tr
ia
these
the preservation
for
Kandy,
Sawme
To
all
readily
ud
io
force
into
an ambuscade,
was
owing
retreat
PD
but,
St
which
which
sk
de
mode
being
much
penetration in the
Kandian
conscious
soldiers if
He
engagement.
opposed
harassed
to
them
in regular
them by hovering
all
by
chief in
the
vicinity,
escaped annihilation,
Kandy
retreat into
ten rupees
and
five
30l
was
set
barely
precipitately.
reward
to
of
in the service
of the British.
make
a negotiation
The
into the
deposed monarch,
hands of the
British, on the
St
Wikrama,
adikar proposed
ud
when
io
to
Tr
ia
Kandy, under
supreme authority
the
title
of
PD
retire to JafFna-
sk
de
government.
to
to
by General
Colombo, withdraw-
Kandy
under the command of Major Davie, with a garrison of only one thousand
men.
Piraili
Talawe
for obtain-
302
nity
to obtain possession
at
Dambadiva, about
fifty-seven
Governor
royal residence.
North
being most
anxious for peace, and to avoid bloodshed, acquiesced most readily to Pilimi Talawe's proposi-
Tr
ia
tion.
io
to
ud
of three hundred
These
at that place.
St
soldiers
and, had
PD
lawe
it
in all probability
he
de
sk
arrival,
Finding
it
Governor North
impossible to
in the face of
command
6th of
303
sake of
the
for
ill,
and compelled
to leave
Kandy
command
Our pen
of Major Davie.
its task,
human
life,
Tr
ia
and
by the cowardice and pusillanimity of one man, who dishonoured and disentailed on his victims
io
wore, and
ud
name
power
of
in language,
PD
mean
dastardly,
de
Therefore,
we resume our
From concomitant
will
that is
and
;"
history.
circumstances,
we
are
in-
duced
for
all
treacherous,
sk
despicable,
vile,
have
Major Dmue
St
So long as there
wielded.
to
Kandy
the
power of
the
command
304
office
which placed
in his
name
of
ability for
was forced
Kandy, Pilimi Talawe besieged the garriand Major Davie surrendered by capitulaand it was stipulated thai Kandy should be
;
tion
delivered
military stores,
their arras.
io
ud
retire
Tr
ia
son,
to leave
St
Kandy.
at the
head of
who had
capitulation,
and
for
named
whom
in the articles of
no provision
was
sk
made,
not been
PD
pital,
to
de
Our
troops,
consisting of
seventeen
officers,
fifty
his attendants,
when
their progress
Mahavelliganga, at
river
305
much
at that season
rounding heights,
sur-
our
position
officers,
re-
morning proved
lution,
abortive.
some Kandian
io
ud
and
jeering at the
to
Tr
ia
canoes, or rafts
chiefs
opened a communi-
lowers, and
St
cation with
into
the
PD
power of
delivered
Major Davie
sk
for a short
Sawme was
the Kandians.
fol-
de
position,
to
the
to fear the
But
tardly,
his expostulations
were
lost
?"
Sawme
v\
as
306
and cowardice.
No
language
is
sufficiently
powerful to express
by
this
infamous
act.
Mootoo Sawme
honour
we accepted
the
Tr
ia
reposed
nay
io
ud
He
whom we
with
PD
British probity,
our troops,
retreated
St
when
to,
still
trusting in
whom
sk
And
de
the
who
Great Britain.
dishonoured
endure, and
we would
Shame on
it is,
and
we spurn
will
the
the
name
of Davie
be as long as time
shall
pen, as
307
Wikrama and
his adikar,
when
him
Pilimi Talaue
tion,
in fighting against
your coun-
try?"
am
at
Tr
ia
"
humble
when
this
and received
io
Some
be impaled
St
alive,
ud
terrific
Sawme
sacrifice of
This
Mootoo
PD
to,
now
sk
No
down
de
should lay
their arms,
attempt at resistance
Davie
to this
and return
to
Kandy.
unprecedented demand
no
expos-
now
exhi-
bited
cers,
their
The men
308
guarded by
armed Kandian
their
escort,
and
if
When
savage enemies.
revolt-
but
The
and Nouradeen.
first
ud
lives in a
three
fate
Tr
ia
same
io
the
cular
St
and honourable
notice.
yet
with blood,
glutted
PD
European
soldiers in
sk
hospital.
de
these
unprotected,
taking place?
Left
country, by their
commanding
it
was
trated
to
have provided
in
officer,
a hostile
whose duty
prostrated
by bodily
infirmity,
prevented thus
309
their mental
most
their
self-
defence, with
Nor can we be
terrible.
have been
surprised,
in
if,
tians,
of firmness,
meet death,
them
left
to
enemies.
Tr
ia
inflicted
was Corporal
io
first
ud
St
cealed
He
night.
until
then
slain,
and
to
roll
swam
across the
sk
river,
into a paddy-field,
PD
bank
over a
heap of
de
kind Samaritans,
who
After
god.
much
suffering
and
in their
difficulty,
the
The
was
other soldier
was
in hospital at
had
Kandy,
310
pit.
He made
his
whence he was
to a tree
the
left
and he contrived
to
Tr
ia
subsisted
sides.
the
io
ud
The
king.
St
soldier
PD
the
escaped with
life,
and
sk
de
had the
families.
in a
to
it
gratification of
We
is
"
That
tiTith is strange,
The wretched
it is
become
and
family,
now
in
Kandian
essentially
ted with a
whom
he had a
it is
Kandy.
in
government
311
ransom
to
affirm
that our
contemptible
this
up
sea-
tion, it
was impossible
among
a people
they
who
io
to
linger
want of
for his
ud
with
left to
Tr
ia
port to be given
men
Military
tried
bravery.
St
It is the
to
be
thos.e
it
PD
it
de
place,
sk
narcli
whom we had
In the
faith,
and
Mootoo Sawme,
crowned^
to
first
vio-
the mo-
enter into a
he should be the viceroy of Kandy, thereby deposing Mootoo Sawme, and pron.ising that he
should
retire to
Jaffnapatam.
The
overtures of
whom
he
312
name and
for his
own
he consented
benefit, as
monarch
to
hands
into the
of the British.
an imperfect knowledge of
listeniiig to,
positions
Tr
ia
traitor to
faithless
the country
to
birth,
to
whom
he only availed
St
himself of
ud
faith
io
keep
of his ambition.
\\\ tlie
is
to
PD
sk
thousand men
de
tile,
in garrison, in the
treacherous
nation,
who
midst of a hos-
could,
an
men was
officer totally
left
added
to
under the
from the
all
com-
which, this
command
to
of
have so
The
fearful
313
No
made
Davie's misconduct
for
and humanity
are
Major
The
rare.
honour
result of Davie's
all
the
life
hundreds of
the
fallen
victims to the
To
St
mind, death
regulated
is
a well-
always preferable
person,
ud
slaughtered
his o/.n
;
io
Tr
ia
is
to
generally deeply
PD
as
for,
is
were
it
de
sons
rarely
sk
sentiment
Major
Davie's
instead
among
of
frequent occurrence,
among
of being honoured
is
and
at
This
was
officer
VOL.
1.
re-
known.
of nuticiug
was spared
we
the nations of
We
Britain's
it is
met with
the
life
314
Malay regiment
every persuasion
dian, promising
was made
prisoner, Pilimi
All
riches.
and,
when he
life,
rank, and
riches, if
Tr
ia
io
ud
serve
St
PD
inducing
traitor to the
coun-
sk
was put
futile, in
de
Colombo, but
besieged Ilangwelle, a
fort of little
importance, in
315
Kandians prepared and attempted a general invasion of the British settlements, but were repulsed
sides
all
troops,
great havoc
and the
their
were con-
siderable.
Talawe again
vernment
made
Tr
ia
on
after listening to
his
io
tures
made by
man
St
so treacherous a
ud
for.
PD
territories
sk
de
and
of
defeat.
three
body of our
commanded by Major
way from
interior.
This brave
Batticalloa to
Kandy,
Wikrama.
Sri
through them,
and proceeded
in
his
p 2
road to
316
Trincomalee, although
the
by
constantly harassed
of this undaunted
their destina-
having had
to
when commanded by an
The war
was carried on with much determination and
bravery on both sides
and the king of Kandy
proposed a cessation of hostilities, which was
Tr
ia
io
officer
ud
treaty
St
was entered
into,
till
PD
3814.
by
Sir
sk
relieved
to
the
appointment
Governor of Ceylon.
of
good wislies of
de
Governor Norlh
of that island
all
and
certes.
first
Great Britain
of the
is
Governor North
gem
left
in-
Hon. Frederick
diadem.
the
the colony in
for
in the Britisli
no
fresh hos-
until
317
it
a scene of disorder,
Mr. North
left
Lanka-
satisfactory con-
to ameliorate tlie
viction, that
condition,
physically
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
XII.
Tr
ia
CHAPTER
318
Adikar
Sri Wikrama's tyranny
Affecting account of the execution
Heroic conduct of the wife and son Babe taken from
the mother's breast to be decapitatedKebellion in
KandyMartial law proclaimedTranquillity restored
Dalada reUc Death of the King of Kandy Govei-nor Sir
Colin Campbell His policy Bishopric of Colombo conBishop Dr. Chapman His exertions
stituted The
and characterRebellion in Kandy The Priests causes
disturbance Pre
of dissatisfaction New taxes and
Eebels enter and
tender proclaimed His
destroy the public buUdings at Matele Troops march
from Kandy Conflict with rebels Martial law proclaimed
Reward offered PretenderDestruction Kumegalle
Observer newspaper exciting discontent Alarming
meeting of natives near the seat of GovernmentAttack
of the police Mr. Elliot addresses the mob Reinforcements sent to Kandy The Commandant takes possession
Pretender's brother shotResult of
of the Dalada
to
1844
Fii'st
io
From 1805
PD
St
ud
family murdered
sk
fii-st
de
first
progi'ess
for
relic
of
Lord Torringtou's
Although
319
reply.
was a cessation of
there
hostilities
Tr
ia
adikar,
to,
io
were subservient
The
or prime minister.
ud
tions
upon
Wikrama,
when the Kanfooting
during, the
first
St
Sri
The
PD
sk
authority of Pilimi
as the
monarch held
reins of government,
de
now
Sri
and
felt
Wikrama
of a despotic tyrant, and he evinced his determination to govern, as his predecessors had ruled
Kandy,
with
Talawe, on his
to retain,
the
absolute
power
was
side,
Mutual
distrust
in like
whilst
Pilimi
manner resolved
his court.
320
when
Pilimi
this
Sri
at
viewed
it
moned
the
royal blood,
and sum-
Tr
ia
and arrogant
The
io
becoming
gravity to
ud
tiie
Sri
Wikrama, with
St
the surprise of
sk
vant,
PD
adikar.
de
It is
either
difficult to
tuated Sri
Wikrama
it
who
to
321
it
depriving
This
whom
but
for-
king
the
and condemned
be trodden to death by
ele-
Tr
ia
to
whilst Pilimi
The demons
ud
condemned
breast
the
in
St
he
and suspicion
of cruelty
Wikrama
io
headed.
chiefs
his
be-
now
of Sri
to
death
who
PD
in
was devoted
that time
at
sk
to
distrust
Eheylapola,
his king, Sri
province after
de
allegiance
Eheylapola vouched
nevertheless, Sri
Wikrama
torturing,
and
king
imprisoning,
mutilating others.
In
bidding
all
tricts, to
Moormen
women, except
remain in them.
their
some
districts, the
of the inhabitants,
some
for
fined
to
quit,
for-
The domestic
wretch-
P 5
322
all
distress
Thus we
how
see
Sri
Tr
ia
loyalty."
Wikrama
contrived to
ud
obedience
to
and thither he
St
district of Saffragam,
for some
was ordered
1814,
io
In the year
subjects.
the king's
command
trivial
to his
retired, in
but as Ehey-
PD
sk
Wikrama chose
of Eheylapola.
This Sri
de
lion,
to
to
be in a
state
make Eheylapola
capital,
alive,
prisoner,
or dead
manded by Molligodde,
adikar, but
upon
whom
to the
the
seccmd
Wikrama had
be-
This nobleman,
323
many
look prisoners
of his adherents,
turned triumphantly to
and
re-
The
lapola
Ehey-
knew no bounds,
wreaked his
and he
Exe-
fiscations,
daily
hourly
occurrences.
was
filled
Sri
vast slaughtering-place.
Wikrama
As
torturer,
St
now one
ud
air
io
the
now the
The place
human gore
were
and imprisonments,
almost
Tr
ia
PD
he determined
sk
to
de
lapola's brother
made
and his
death for
all.
They were,
Kandy, condemned
being the wife, ofi*spring, and
brought
Ehey-
with,
prisoners, with
to
Ac-
to
to
forthsuffer
relations
Kandy,
for
this horrible
butchery
324
arrived,
four children
(the eldest
with his
months
were
wife, a
woman
attired
The
in her court-dress,
all
her jewels
meet her
declaring her
fate,
Tr
ia
vanced boldly
be of benefit
him.
to stand
it
to die last
to
give up might
io
back, as
to
ud
the
St
chered.
became Eheylapola's
hesitated,
and
protection,
sk
for
PD
his fate as
when
clung
his
The
son.
brother,
child
mother
his
to
two
years
de
younger,
terrified,
father
pola's son
cutioner
blood,
spirit
one blow a
falls
to
had taken
lifeless
to
the exe-
trunk, deluged in
young noble
325
The mother
vailed
the high-born
every
planted in
Tr
ia
hesitated
it
ud
fall
up
she
io
lifted
St
PD
it
At
last, it
and smiling,
de
last child
from her.
In a
its
Eheylapola's wife
was
lay sleeping,
tranquil unconsciousness.
sk
in
it
moment
the
then,
to take
little
her
head
to
326
step, she
walked towards
lifeless,
had happened
Sri
Wikrama's power.
tioner
laid
is
grave. *
high-born Kandian
touch
remember
wife,
io
to
Bade adieu
him
in-law, telling
to
to her brother-
PD
to
birth
him not
ud
that
her watery
St
murdered
of the executo
aside, telling
pollute a
to
she
worst
children slaughtered
Tr
ia
the
unman
de
to
sk
They have
* Eheylapola's wife
drowned
details of
and
sister
Eheylapola's
were condemned to be
The
who was an
eye-
327
whereon
secured
to
carry her to
the tank.
sudden splash
tyrant's victim,
then
air.
more
Tr
ia
the waters
She shrieks
io
city perpetrated.
ud
St
now
her turn to
filled
die.
the
The
'Tis
PD
ponderous stone.
advance
are
sk
still
off.
They
de
life.
must adhere
to their orders
She
328
bound she
the water
circles,
and leaps
into
and her
has flown
spirit
for ever.
The
murs
mursister
of Eheylapola.
Tr
ia
on
the
ud
blood-stained
io
The
shoulder,
chief,
St
with an
on the earth,
niajestic
PD
draws himself up
dignity,
sk
executioner to
and
fulfil
scornfully
the tyrant's
standing with
desiring
the
command. Has
headsman
de
forth
but,
struck off
horrible
The sword
.?
head
is
not wholly
weapon of
descends on the muscular, manly
destruction
throat
it
the sword
is
now
329
headless trunk
falls to
rolls
and
by
is
foot.
The bloody
tragedy
is
along the
eartli,
the executioner's
finished
the
to
Sri
Wikrama
for,
this
by the Kan-
dian laws
was
palace,
wound
or
considered
also to
woman was
Tr
ia
and opposite
was a
terrific reality
men groaned
in
PD
torture,
revolting butchery
was
exclude the
girl.
this
St
women
going on,
ud
of Eheylapola
io
mental
whilst
rolled
de
the sod to
sk
many
their
cries.
We
will
to
wind up
by quoting a contemporaneous
author:
" During
assembled
unable
to witness
to suppress
Depaaul was so
expelled his
it,
their
feelings.
affected that
office
for
crowd,
who had
showing
such
tender
330
not a
grief, that
was
fire, it is said,
and a general
was
fast
held."
We believe the
modern
Tr
ia
Roman em-
history
perors,
trivial,
pared
practised
when comSri
io
by
ud
Kandians
should
St
as the
have submitted
for
their
monarch.
Sri
PD
by
Wikrama spared
the sucking
sk
all
neither
alike
condemned
to
and
be
de
if thej^
or their relations
the instant.
We
can comprehend
man viewing
but
every
rebels
against
feeling
the
implanted
bare
in
our nature
supposition
that
the
whom, from
creatures
we
very instinct,
331
feel our-
selves
bound
before
to protect, should
be slaughtered
how
an enigma
human
nature, Sri
It
debased specimen of
this
in-
is
displeasure.
Tr
ia
At the end of
Wikrama
io
met with
cruelly
ud
for
who
merchandize.
St
territories
PD
without eyelids
ears, others
sk
and
made com-
On
de
rigg.
Kandian nation,
King
*'
of
Brown-
power which had provoked, by aggravated outrages and indignities, the just resentment of the
British nation, which
families in the
the blood of
subjects, and,
its
by the
violation of
33-2
become an
The
Kandian
and
day,
following
the
menced.
naries in the
and
com-
battle, not as
service of a
territo-
fighting
tyrant,
who,
men
merce-
for gold,
and skirmish
to
on
Tr
ia
ries
or energy.
io
spirit,
only efficient
Wikrama and,
commander whom he
Sri
St
cruel master,
ud
was
the
possessed, and
sk
tyrant's
PD
it
the
awaited
English,
the
tion of
opportunity
de
of joining
and
The
and children
tragical execu-
Kandian
territories,
than he
333
On
atKandy; but
the
and
it
was reported
that he
had
fled to
fallen in with
Tr
ia
had
the capital,
io
capture of
Wikrama.
Detachments
from
St
Sri
ud
lost
were ordered
divisions,
to
scour
the
country
to cut
off' all
PD
sk
de
their search
was
turing Sri
aided them.
own
his
llic
wretch
perseverance,
cap-
lo^-ed
in
subjects
who
their be-
him
and,
although
the
334
tyrant, Sri
captured
the
fugitive
king,
for
now
that they
Tr
ia
venge
that
wasEheylapola's slaves
he had butchered
io
that he
went along.
ud
St
friend
PD
him
and, finally,
sk
reproach
pri-
de
Sri
Wikrama, the
last
days
after Sir
Some
sibility,
maudlin sen-
at the
hands of Eheylapola's
upon
difficult
wonder
these
at
finds
Can we,
precept to follow.
it
then,
men showered on
one,
and wife
to
a cruel death,
more especially as
these
men
most
us,
to
inflicted
Tr
ia
followers.
335
men
to
are
On
the contrary,
be commended
tortured
St
prisoner,
in
British.
The
Wikrama
ud
these
io
followers
alive,
after
the hands
unthey
of the
Wikrama was
when he was excited,
PD
sk
fire
of a demon,
de
He was
cruelty.
point
tall,
pression
intelligent
rich, dark
brown
hair.
He
336
times
in
We
of inestimable value.
Ex
character, "
On
all
uno disce
2nd of March,
the
gems
glittered with
oimies.''^
Sri
Wikrama was
finally
and formally dethroned; and a convention concluded between Sir Robert Brovvnrigg and the
Kandian
The
territories.
on the
lished
Tr
ia
Kandian
the
occasion
official
states
notice pub-
" This
day a
Governor
and
Commander
his Excellency
of
in-chief
the
St
the
Kandy, between
ud
of the palace of
io
part,
and
PD
sk
de
subordinate
headmen from
in
public
conformity to
in
Eng-
to.
The
British
flag
was then,
for
337
the
lime,
first
hoisted,
the rights
all
and claims of
his race to
were devoted
articles
political arrangements.
to
io
Tr
ia
minor
be extin-
for ever
protected."
be maintained and
and seventh
sixth
material nature.
articles
were of an im-
PD
The
to
St
ud
sk
de
to
be levied, as before,
for the
We have
treaty,
and
interest
the
general reader.
VOL.
I.
338
rama, and
banished
members of
the
all
and
Madras,
to
person
or
to
the
be
government
rid of the
some Kandian,
in
onerous
safe-keeping
they apprehended
as
our
of
the
either
his
escape,
his
Kandy.
From
to
possibility
Tr
ia
the
that
benefit
throne of
September,
with tranquillity
ud
to
io
St
PD
flicts
Dutch, and,
sk
the English,
de
breast.
finally, their
had
failed
The conduct
voluntary subjection to
to
into a
treaty with, and sworn allegiance to, the government of Great Britain the treaty which had
been entered into by us with the Kandians, had
339
shadow of an excuse
not
whom
district,
went
to quell
to
meet the
rebels,
and endeavoured
rebels.
the throne of
man
principally
of great influence
to
St
Eheylapola,
who
the chief
Kandy was
io
priest of
to
The pretender
a sacrifice,
fell
Tr
ia
ud
in
Pilimi Talavve,
with
many
now
felt
PD
other chiefs.
in less
than six
sk
by our government,
revolt,
de
we
many
rebellion
place,
in
lost
officers
murdered our
On
and men
the rebels
soldiers.
was declared
in the
Q 2
340
human
sacrifice of
Our
soldiers
the
effects
life
was
terrible
of the unwholesome
on both sides.
under
to sink
atmosphere of
writes
still
Tr
ia
assumed a
army was
at
Deyabetmewala, at
chiefs were present.
more gloomy
aspect.
affairs
Our
little
and disease
the rebellion
unchecked all our efforts had been
apparently fruitless not a leader of any consequence had been taken, and not a district subdued or tranquillized.
This was a melancholy
time to those who were on the scene of action,
and many began to despond, and augur from bad
to worse, and to prophesy that the communication between Colombo and our head-quarters at
Kandy would be cut off, and that we should very
soon be obliged to evacuate the country, and fight
was
io
privation,
fatigue,
ud
still
de
sk
PD
St
our
way
Tiiese
out of
it."
be realized
to
now
manifested itself among the chiefs, and the pretender was taken prisoner by an adverse party,
who
set
tipola, their
was taken
by the
by one, the
chiefs
were taken,
tried,
341
British
one
convicted of
Notwithstanding
of rebellion
and
continued
still
was not
it
administration
manifest
to
February,
until
itself,
provinces ceased.
Tr
ia
We
of the Dalada
this
io
their
borne out by
facts, that it is
we
owing
St
may appear
ud
we
believe
are
to the circum-
relic
to the
PD
Dalada
Ceylon, 1848,
sk
rection in
be given subsequently. The Cingalese tradition is, "That whoever obtains possession
will
de
which
of that sacred
relic,
obtains
with
it
the
government of Ceylon
;"
Buddha
down
their
arms,
A new
convention
342
native
who were
Dissaaves,
Tr
ia
be
to
ple, but
by fixed
salaries."
man
ud
In January, 1820, a
io
St
PD
sk
The Dalada
de
relic
tian nation to
have aught
to
do with, or sanction
for
trivial
343
ar
vernment.
both
by our government and by the missionaries, and
attempts were made to induce them to embrace
Literary and agricultural societies
Christianity.
were formed means of communication, by the
formation of roads from one part of the island
to the other, were planned and commenced
bridges were thrown over rivers ; and every
facility offered for the transit of passengers and
tion of schools of instruction for the natives,
the
natives
In
of
we tried to convince
by every honourable
short,
Ceylon,
ud
merchandise.
io
Tr
ia
St
PD
clouded
Kandy
crown of Great
political horizon of
de
The
whom
sk
Britain, to
adikar,
was
344
for
tradictory evidence
was gone
into
having con-
ud
io
Tr
ia
The
St
tioned.
conspirators
tried
PD
who
prove
to
and did so
these
that
to the satis-
Molle-
acquitted them.
de
sk
From
revolt,
no attempt
at
Since the
scientific,
agricultural societies
scholastic,
literary,
were established
and
a legis-
345
lative council
instituted.
the ad-
all
and
by many political economists is considered the
most promising colony we possess.
vantages of our most flourishing colony
In
justice
to
the
late
efficient
governor of
what
lony.
He
that
found
The
country.
per acre
it
in 1841,
done
burthen to
we must
the
mother
and
appointment
stale
Tr
ia
who assumed
government
servants enriched
it
into coffee
ud
io
which
they
St
(to
their
Sir
PD
vernor
Colin
and
official duties,
Campbell
prohibited,
Goby a
de
sk
purposes,
and were
required to devote their whole lime and attention to the duties of the respective offices
Q 5
which
346
duties.
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
Colin
sk
de
munerated.
1845,
patent
rived in
Colombo
in 1846.
We
man, have
done more towards the conversion of the heathen,
exertions of this truly pious, benevolent
347
Every
jDart
of his diocese
Chapman
is
visited constantly
unwearied in his duty, undaunted by the fear of contagion, he visits hospitals, jails, and the unwholesome jungle
seduby Dr.
may
whereby he
He
of an interpreter.
made
has
the natives
not to be a temporary
it is
No
among them.
io
is
ud
Tr
ia
his
St
PD
de
sk
learn
is
eloquence, fluency of language, facility of expressing ideas, extreme urbanity of manner, unbounded
and
In conclusion, we can only say, that Dr. Chapis a worthy, though humble, follower of his
man
348
as bishop,
and residence
the benighted heathen, for the force of his example, coupled with his precepts, must influence
and counteract,
which
many Europeans
when
so
until
much
attention
to
the
colony
to
io
1848,
drawn
occurred
Tr
ia
galese.
ud
St
priests of this
religion have
de
sk
PD
as the
palladium of Cingalese sovereignty. The abandonuient of this sacred charge on the part of the
guardians, not
its
present
only as a breach of
in reference
349
tried
his adherents
and
Tr
ia
introduced in 1848,
known
io
regulations
as the
ud
St
Banda,
be a descendant of Rajah
had been previously sojourning in
stated
to
PD
Singha,
who
sk
de
Kandy, acting as the chief leader of the malWhile there, he was an inmate of the
Dalada Maligawa, whose priests maintained him.
He had figured in two previous rebellions, and
was tried for high treason in 1843, and acquitted.
contents.
On
350
this
gentleman, on
re-
Here he
spirits,
police attempted
mob and
civil
authorities
Tr
ia
The
irritated,
io
out,
St
ud
who
The
PD
apparent object of the crowd was to extort a promise, that the obnoxious tax ordinances should
be repealed.
is
a remarkable
fact,
that none
headmen
sk
of the
It
de
occasion
this step,
The
sures
local authorities
to
inform
secretary. Sir
the
now took
people,
effective
that
mea-
the colonial
receive
at
351
no persons bearing
to enter.
As
list
evil-de-
of thirty
new
Tr
ia
articles,
taxes.
Emerson Ten-
io
ud
inhabitants of
St
who
PD
quiet.
district,-,
sk
false reports, or
had
On
de
them from
In the afternoon of this day, the colonial secretary entered the Pavilion, which was crowded
favour of the
new
He
ad-
at considerable length in
^52
chiefs,
de
sk
PD
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
in
articles for
the pre-
My
use, stating that they were
Lord the King, until such time as you shall pass
Ballacadua, where I shall join you with the Maha
Nilime and clothes for five kings."
for "
tender's
The
armed
gword of
state,
353
From
in his
Doomborka Owelle,
command
Tr
ia
visit
army
to
of
Dambooi
at
St
ud
io
his small
was further ascertained that the postoffice communication was stopped on the Trincomalee road, and crowds of armed people were
It
sk
PD
hour.
assembling in
all directions.
On
the 28th,
Mr.
de
distance from
Kandy by
Matele, who was hastening to Kandy for assistThis gentleman brought the intelligence
ance.
that four thousand armed men were in the neighbourhood of Matele, who had entered the town
at noon on that day in a riotous manner, beating
tom-toms and blowing horns, drove out the police
354
down
the Bazaar.
Mr. Buller hastened back to Kandy accompanied by Mr. Waring, and at ten o'clock the
same night a detachment consisting of one captain, two subalterns, four sergeants, one bugler,
and one hundred rank and file of her Majesty's
15th regiment
and one captain, four subalterns,
four sergeants, and one hundred rank and file of
the Ceylon Rifles, under the command of Captain
Lillie of the Ceylon Rifles, an old and expe-
Tr
ia
St
ud
io
de
sk
PD
cadua,
gingal
gun with
The
gents
side
who were
of*
the
hill,
Rifles
insur-
now commenced
The
356
by
firing,
regiment was
now entered
the jungle
whom
slightly
on the
15th regi-
Tr
ia
The
in reserve.
The
it
St
ud
io
was ascertained that the insurgents had possessed themselves of a bungalow on the Wariapoola estate, about half a mile from the high
Captain Lillie marched with the Rifles to
road.
attack them, under the guidance of Mr, Adams,
The
PD
a volunteer civilian.
sk
de
356
loured
medical
to
be quite discoto
Matele
for
aid.
Kandy
with the detachment of the 15th regiment, leaving that of the Ceylon Rifles under the
of Captain
On
Watson,
to protect
command
Matele.
offering a reward of
150
for the
apprehension
and placing the Kandian disunder martial law. On the 28th, an urgent
application was made for military assistance from
Kurnegalle, which is about twenty-five miles from
Kandy, but owing to the troops which had been
dispatched to Matele, Colonel Drought was un-
Tr
ia
of the pretender,
able to accede to
it.
On
St
ud
io
tricts
PD
when
thirty
de
sk
Rifles
open and the prisoners liberated, while the bazaar was burnt down, and nearly every building
more or less damaged.
357
standing this
loss,
Tr
ia
Malay
io
ti-ooi)S.
St
ud
After the
sions from
for
Kurnegalle, at which
PD
immediately started
After
the
defeat,
he turned
towards
sk
attack.
de
pursued
by various detachments
358
is
pub-
io
Tr
ia
lished in
We
PD
"
we
editor;
St
ud
who
is
letter
kindly
sk
de
race,
lately
all
persons, sub-
government, there
is
a legal
there
is
to
represent
France, and
359
its results.
Certainly the Cingalese people are not more unlearned or foolish than the greater part of the
individuals,
who
members
elected
for the
French
council.
Tr
ia
freed
may
St
ud
io
we
PD
We
"
de
sk
(Signed)
To
the
it.
who publish
the paper called the
the Persons
'
Colombo Observer.'"
Gentlemen publishing
the
Colombo
Observer.'
"
" Gentlemen,
By residing in an
that
360
their
also
Further,
if
among
pleasure
the inhabitants
be
will
much
more increased, and from this many serious consequences will follow. Although there are many
reasons on account of which the people should
the government appointed from time
resist
time,
up
to
still
Tr
ia
However,
if
taxes,
ud
sit
io
lately
St
No
to justice only).
e.
sk
(i.
PD
unjust,
it
is
de
but should
not this
taxes * collected
and
it is
By
this tax
we mean
however, we can-
income of
361
it is
collected
men
the poorest
will
have
Ceylon,
in
to
the 1.
" Is there a greater injustice than this
know
yearly
8s.
However, according
the year.
government.
to
part of
to
taxes, such
new
fifth
St
10*. in
All
three or
ud
who do not
a field, and
io
persons
Tr
ia
Ss. in
gun
is
the
7.v.
or
very
By some
article
;
de
necessary
and
the gun-tax
3,s*.
(5d.
roads.
is
rear
dog
must be
is
also
paid, toge-
is 3.9.,
are collected
making
To
possessed.
sk
able
PD
and
for the
yearly
dog
Is
from each
If there be
and again
person for
7s.
or 8s. to government.
This
sum
is
sufficient
for
the
362
manner, a European who receives 300 annumust pay 50, or two months' pay, for new
taxes; he who receives 600 must pay lOO.
ally
An
little
more.
nor 1.000.
say that
Some may
7s.
man
Tr
ia
"
for
io
to
St
ud
PD
yearly
" What European
when
there
Even when
who submits
there
the government
is
is
to this
a war-rumour,
heavily
poor, no
de
or
sk
payment
is
when
not only
is
there
peace, but
much
when
the
as possible
government.
What, then, is the intention of the Governor,
since he lays such a heavy burthen upon the
poor, and delivers the rich from it?
from
other heavy
"The
taxes
paid
to
is
363
who
Tr
ia
when people
St
many
ud
io
like the
de
sk
PD
according
to circumstances,
it
right
now appears
but,
that
in
"
Now
1 say,
is it
is
coming
R 2
364
Tr
ia
know
this,
and
have
PD
St
ud
io
de
sk
ment of taxes like a burthen, that the government is doing injustice, and that you will inform
the people of high
(or
demon
office,
the
place
am,
"An
Englishman."
on
365
of paper, which were extensively disamongst the people even in the most
slips
tributed
Europeans, connected
We must
bear in
mind
Tr
ia
from their
belief that
io
injurious
it
was
St
ud
penned by an Englishman,
An oi'dinance had been passed about the same
time with those already complained of, which
was intended to provide for the registration and
license of certain traders," to resist which an
attempt was made by the wealthier shopkeepers,
by whom a combination was formed to intimidate their more necessitous brethren, to force
them to close their shops, and to prevent the sale
de
sk
PD
''
of the necessaries of
life.
The
all
their
own
effect a
stock at exorbitant
366
ing a petition
House
facts,
of
number
of copies of
to
the
calculated
were
people,
a large
purporting to be addressed
a petition
to
inflame
secretly
minds of the
the
among
circulated
the
districts,
by agents employed to
Tr
ia
more remote
obtain
The
signatures.
substance,
expressions,
in
which subse-
io
it,
so very
The following
PD
circulation.
St
ud
sk
de
many
"
Notice.
Upon
fire-arms, dogs,
tiques (shops)
viz.
men,
boats,
and, in addition to
and bou-
this, it is also
upon
trees, lands,
cattle,
and
all useful
quadru-
We,
peds.
367
is
Wednesday,
same."
The authors
of this
movement most
cautiously
Tr
ia
In the meantime,
io
taken by the
government, and, amongst the rest, a circular was
addressed to the headmen, reminding them, that
ud
On
St
the people.
PD
in
sk
de
drawn
The mob
police,
havino-
who were
to the
town.
to
contest,
368
whom
The
after returned to
Colombo.
io
Tr
ia
petiiion,
ud
indeed
has
meeting.
This gentleman
is
previously
at
it
attached
"
the office of the " Observer
St
to the petition
all
PD
manner
as to induce a belief,
sk
but
lie is
stated
de
to
entertained
of his
being the
instigator
of the
movement.
Some
which
governor by Mr.
to the
Elliott, recapitulate much of the substance contained in the letter of the " Englisliman," and
" But if
concludes with the following sentence
:
will
favourable reply,
we
of these
new
369
any
laws."
Lord Torrington
states, that
it,
being
Tr
ia
in Cingalese,
he volunteered
to support.
whom
St
ud
io
general knowledge of
that
PD
sk
was issued
de
notice
" Information
370
inhabitants,
manner,
if
presented
in
proper
By
'*
Tr
ia
"
io
ud
active measures, by
and military in the vicinity of
those places where meetings were proposed to be
held, and by this means the peace of the western
province was preserved.
But, to return to Kandy. Reinforcements
marched to the proclaimed districts from Colombo the military pensioners, of whom there
are about three hundred in the Island, were called
out two divisions of road-pioneers were brought
in to assist the troops and escort the baggage,
while the " Lady Mary AVood " steamer was
despatched to Madras, and returned with tliree
companies of her Majesty's o7th regiment and a
large supply of ammunition.
It must have been also gratifying to the
police
sk
PD
St
posting
de
government
to
371
manding
officer, for
by which means he was enabled to send out detachments to various localities, vrhere their presence was urgently required, both as a protection
to the
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
sk
injured.
PD
de
rebels, the
if
commandant demanded
the
372
Several prisoners,
since
and amongst them one of the most despewho had, on more than
one occasion, broken prison, and for whose apprehension a reward had long previously been
shot
Tr
ia
most active
and an attendant upon, the pretender;
he died exclaiming, " If the king had had three
men about him as bold and determined as myself
he would have been master of Kandy."'
On the 4th of August, Dingeralle HanguranThis individual was the
ketty,
who
was,
sk
pretender,
PD
St
ud
of,
io
offered.
agent
de
an
rifles, in
Amongst
these
ex ratramahatmeer,
who
373
Kurnegalle, which
We
find
limited
to
the
where they
was also
loss of life
unfortunate
rebels.
Several
Tr
ia
io
punishment with imprisonment; thirty-three suffered corporal punishment alone, and eight were
ud
acquitted.
in
the procla-
St
de
sk
PD
We
have much pleasure in giving the followinoextracts from the Chief Justice's address in discharging the jury at the close of the special
sittings, breathing as it does that humane spirit
374
Tr
ia
Your
verdicts have
io
ud
to
PD
St
functions,
proper quarter.
I
am
sk
"
all
de
express
my
belief,
it
is
the
376
It
government.
original
a participation of our
" It
Tr
ia
new
them
The
petty
been
indeed, I
io
which
but
may
in fact
had never
never occur
again
of this crime.
ud
headmen
St
is
sk
PD
will be
de
lives."*
'
that thereby
For, as deposed to
376
"
The
legislature,
am
and regulaand
I trust they will send the schoolmaster amongst
the peojile, who will educate them in the arts of
peace, and teach them the sin and folly of taking
up arms against lawful authorities. The duty of
the governing and governed is mutual, the one
paternal, and the other allegiant.
enact, in a paternal spirit, such laws
us to
ud
is
io
Tr
ia
man
collect taxes,
St
white
and
The duty
PD
"
of a juror
community. It
and liberty and upon
sk
to the
de
nistration of justice.
is
is
it
The
upon the jury for the acand the counsel for the crown
will, on the other hand, urge them for a conviction, while the judge may very often take an
improper view of the case, for he is not exempt
from human infirmity.
" It is then to the sound sense of the jury alone
that the country must look for discrimination.
sometimes press hard
quittal of his client,
It
is
them
for
377
to
my own
weigh
and I
hope, that
all
cases which
may
the
present sessions."
lowing despatch
Governor
to the
Colombo, September
23, 1848.
io
''
Tr
ia
his
recommendation
ud
" My Lord,
I have the honour to transmit
herewith notes of evidence, sentence of the court,
St
mercy by the jury, and cerQueen v. Penelebodde Kuralle and others, and marked No. 2.
to
PD
and recommendation
sk
court,
Queen
to
Tunamalua Kekooa
Banda Karale, and another, marked No. 3.
v.
de
" Also
recommendation
court,
and recommendation
Queen
v.
378
dianselay
No.
Appoohamy and
others,
and marked
5.
holden at Kandy,
me
at
the
for
were obtained
state
that
in
I
due
coui'se of law.
recommend
as
fit
I have also
and proper
to
Tr
ia
all
the
io
the prisoners
who
St
ud
PD
selay
sk
hattelay
recommended your
excel-
de
different circum-
officers of the
most
guilty.
"To have
these would have been necessary for the vindication of justice, order,
for an
example
to others.
But
379
when
therefore think,
it
is
considered
that no one
rebels,
that
in
war-
life,
ud
recommended
io
Tr
ia
at
Matele and Kurnegalle, that the blood
which has been already spilt is sufficient for all
purposes, whether of vindication of the law, or
for example.
" I advise that the prisoners last above men-
mercy by the jury, be transported for fourteen years and that those who
have been recommended be imprisoned and kept
St
to
PD
them
respectively.
sk
deemed due
"
(Signed)
be
Oliphant, C.
J.
de
"
may
I have, &c.,
It
is
we
feel ourselves
much
at variance with
conceiving
it
as
we do
tempered with mercy, which should be the characteristic attribute of the crown, or the crown's
representative.
380
25, 1848.
letter of the
at
Kandy
the respectful
attention
Tr
ia
becoming
your
high
St
ud
io
you
1 feel
it is
with re-
PD
luctance, that
sk
whose
de
recommend
to
me
to inflict
on them the
last
compelled
this, I
am
381
same result in
same time such publicity
my mind
whilst at the
embarrassment were 1 to set aside your recommendation to mercy, and leave these individuals
for execution.
foresee
much
practical
On
Tr
ia
"
summary
its
known
our laws.
to
St
"Upon
ud
moditication of
io
my own
am
placed
have deemed it
best to lean to the side of mercy, and to adopt so
much of your recommendation as regards the
PD
judgment,
sk
in acting on
de
commutation of
all capital
who have
mercy by the
fourteen years in
juries,
all
(Signed)
"
The Hon.
punishments, substi-
life
in
not been
the instance of
recommended
and transportation
for
END OF VOL.
I.
l
Tr
ia
io
ud
LONDON
J.
PD
sk
de
St
G.
PRINTED BY
April
1,
1850.
NEW WORKS.
MR. SHOBERL'S
I.
By
of
Lady
to
Adventures of an
Mayne
In 2
Reid.
Franklin.
vols,
Tr
ia
Dedicated
A NARRATIVE
or,
Capt.
ARCTIC DISCOVERY,
from
John Franklin.
III.
HISTORICAL ROMANCE.
St
NEW
ud
Portrait of Sir
io
or,
the days of
(Just ready.)
PD
In 3
sk
in
de
of
soul-harrowing interest."
With a
Portrait
of
In
"
A perfect
Messenger.
delineation of life and manners."
relished upon a second than upon a
first
1/. 1j,
HOUSE OF COMMONS/'
By JAMES
ALEXANDER MANNING,
Esq.
Many
St
ud
io
Tr
ia
from, and
PD
ancestors, to
The work
will
commence with the life of Sir Thomas HungerS eaker of the House of Commons, in the
de
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