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12 Before introducing the temperature scale now known as the Kelvin scale,
Kelvin suggested a logarithmic scale in which the function of Sec. 5.8.1 takes
the form
exp C / exp H
where H and C denote, respectively, the temperatures of the hot and cold
reservoirs on this scale.
(a) Show that the relation between the Kelvin temperature T and the
temperature on the logarithmic scale is
=ln T + C
where C is a constant.
(b) On the Kelvin scale, temperatures vary from 0 to +. Determine the range of
temperature values on the logarithmic scale.
(c) Obtain an expression for the thermal efficiency of any system undergoing a
reversible power cycle while operating between reservoirs at temperatures
H and C on the logarithmic scale.
Known: The symbol denotes temperature on Kelvins logarithmic scale.
Find:
(a) Show that =lnT +C, where T is temperature on the Kelvin scale.
(b) Determine the range of temperature values on the logarithmic scale.
(c) Obtain an expression for the thermal efficiency of a reversible power
cycle operating between reservoirs at H and C on the logarithmic
scale.
Analysis:
The two scales arise from different specifications of the function in Eq.(a)
of Sec. 5.8.1
QC
QH cycle
That is
QC
T
C
QH cycle TH
(Kelvin scale)
QC
exp C
QH cycle exp H
(Logarithmic scale)
exp(C H )
TH exp H
Thus
ln TC ln TH C H
And therefore
lnT C
Where C is a constant determining the level of temperature corresponding to
zero on the logarithmic scale.
(b) Temperature on the Kelvin scale varies from 0 to +. With the relationship of
part (a), temperatures on the logarithmic scale vary from - to +.
(c) Use of
QC
exp C
QH cycle exp H
exp C
exp H
5.18 A power cycle receives energy QH by heat transfer from a hot reservoir at TH
= 833 K and rejects energy QC by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at TC = 278 K.
For each of the following cases, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly,
operates irreversibly, or is impossible.
(a) QH = 950 kJ, Wcycle = 475 kJ
(b) QH = 950 kJ, QC = 315 kJ
(c) Wcycle = 633 kJ, QC = 422 kJ
(d) = 70%
Known: Data are provided for a pwer cycle operating between hot and cold
reservoirs.
Find:
Boundary
TH=833K
QH
R-134a
Cold
reservoir
Wcycle = QH - QC
TC = 278K
QC
Analysis:
(a) QH = 950 kJ, Wcycle = 475 kJ
With the given data,
=
cycle
H
475kJ
= 950kJ = 0.5
278K
cycle
H
635kJ
= 950kJ = 0.668
Impossible.
cycle
H
633kJ
= 1055kJ = 0.60
Since > max = 0.666 (Part (a)), this cycle cannot operate as claimed.
Impossible.
5.21 A reversible power cycle receives 100 kJ by heat transfer from a hot
reservoir at 327 C and reject 40 kJ by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at Tc.
Determine a(a) the thermal efficiency and (b) the temperature Tc of the cold
reservoir, in C.
Known: Data are provided for a power cycle operating between hot and cold
reservoirs.
Find:
cycle
H
=1
C
H
=1
40kJ
100kJ
= 0.6 (60%)
C
0.6 = 1 C = 1 600
H