qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 410-413

luiza xaWapuriZe,
sofio tyeSelaSvili

erTi saeklesio terminisaTvis (feSxumi )

RvTismsaxurebaSi gamoyenebul Zvirfasi liTonisagan damzadebul

dabalfexian (wmida nawilebis dasabrZanebel) TefSs berZnulad δισχος_
(simrgvale) "diskosi" ewodeba.
wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT, igi simboluri datvirTvis mqone sityvaa
(kirile ierusalimelis mixedviT, "diskosi" simrgvaliT samyaros analogia)
da amitomac daerqva wmida "tarigis"/"wmida ZRvenis" dasasvenebel sins
(wesi da ganmarteba saRvTo liturgiisa, 1993).
qarTulad Targmnil tipikonebsa da liturgikul wignebSi wmida
WurWlis aRsaniSnavad ukve IX saukunidan (sinuri mravalTavi) gvxvdeba
termini "feSxumi".
Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi "feSxumi" zogadad WurWelsac
aRniSnavda: "WurWeli tablazed saxmari sanovageTaTvis" (saba). misi
paraleluri terminebia: TefSi, sini, langari, lankani, lanka,
kratiri... "moiRo Tavi misi feSxueniTa da misca qalsa mas" (sinuri mr.
6, 28), "moarTva Tavi misi lanklasa zeda da misca qalsa mas" (parxlis
mr. 6, 28), "qmna sanovage igi WurWeli tablisa mis feSxuenebi da
govzakebi (doqi, sura)" (gamoslv. 37,16), "momec me aqa lankliTa Tavi
iovane naTlismcemlisai" (maTe 14, 8), "samni lanklani samindoiTa mqondes
Tavsa zeda Cemsa" (oSkis, dabad. 40, 16), "moiyvane ahron... da lanklai igi
ucomoTai" (oSkis, levitelTa 8,2), "STadva kalaTsa" (gelaTis, msaj. 6,
19), "Sewiros laknai ucomoi samindoisai" (gelaTis, ricxv. 6,15), "Wams igi
saWmelsa feSxuensa Sina" (limonari, 66, 18), "burTvis saxe ars queyanai,
gina Tu feSxuenisa" (basili kesarieli, equsTa dReTai, 120, 20), "misces
orni barZimni didni vercxlisani da feSxumi kovziTurT" (cxov. ioanesi
da efTvimesi, 22,25).
berZnulSi ki sayofacxovrebo da saeklesio termini gamijnulia: sama-
gido WurWels (Tasi, TefSi) aq Seesabameba leqsemebi: "κρατιρος", "κανος".
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi (z. aWar., qiziy.) dResac gvxvdeba
terminebi feSxumi/feSxueni, rac niSnavs: mrgvali ficris naWers an
dabal tablasaviT mrgval magidas, romelzedac lavaSs abrtyeleben (al.
Rlonti, 1974); zemo imerulSi ki feSxumi/feSxvani "kalaTis" sinonimad
gamoiyeneba (q. ZoweniZe, 1974).
sauradRebod gveCveneba erTi garemoebac: feSxumi, igive langari
(/TefSi/sini/lankani/lanka/kratiri) saZRvene sagani rom iyo, kargad Cans
bibliaSic; irodi mefem salomeas ioane naTlismcemlis Tavi langriT
miarTva _ "moarTva Tavi misi lanklasa zeda da misca qalsa mas" (sinuri
mr. 6, 28), "moiRo Tavi misi feSxueniTa da misca qalsa mas" (parxlis mr.
6, 28)...
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ebrauli Cveulebis Tanaxmad saCuqris
misarTmevi nivTi aucileblad mrgvali unda yofiliyo; amis Sesaxeb
ebraeli mogzauri iehuda halevi Tavis naSromSi wers: "wesada aqvT
quTaisis ebraelebs yovelwliurad erTmaneTisTvis saCuqar-saboZvrebis
gagzavna... saCuqars agzavnian spilenZis an xis langriT, sulerTia risic ar
unda iyos igi, mxolod aucileblad didi da mrgvali unda iyos" (iehuda
halevi Corni, 1996, gv. 101).
saintersoa saanalizo leqsemis sadauroba. Zveli ebrauli enis
leqsikonebSi msgavsi termini ar dasturdeba (Русско-Еврейский (идиш)
словарь,М.,1989, Еврейская Енсиклоредия,Т.9,8, 1989). m. andronikaSvili
feSxums sparsuli warmomavlobisad miiCnevs. gamokvlevaSi "sparsul-
qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan" (1966) avtori aRniSnuli terminis
etimologiisaTvis uTiTebs gverdebs: 34, 73, 113, 295. mocemul gverdebze
(garda 34-isa, sadac mxolod CamonaTvalia sparsulad miCneuli saeklesio
terminebisa) saanalizo saleqsikono erTeuli ar fiqsirdeba. mxolod
gvxvdeba termini "farcxali" da misi fonetikuri variantebi osursa da
sparsulSi. gamomdinare aqedan, unda vivaraudoT, rom mkvlevari feSxums
"farcxals" ukavSirebs da maT sparsulad miiCnevs (osuri ferS "nekni"
=qarT. fercx).
Cveni azriT, mocemuli termini (feSxumi/feSxvani/feSxueni) unda
ukavSirdebodes falaurSi dadasturebul sityvas "fiSxKn" [Sedgeba ori
elementisagan: zmnizedisagan fiS "win" da saxelisagan xKn "sufra" (Sdr.:
feSqaSi//fiSqaSi _ fiS - win da qeS/qeSidan - weva, Treva)] da niSnavs:
“1.Стол с угощением; 2. Большой деревянный поднос; 3.подставка (для чтения
Курана, книг)" (Фареваш, 2000).
"sparsul enaSi dasturdeba ori erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli K da @,
romlebic maqsimaluri RiaobiT xasiaTdebian da upirispirdebian
erTmaneTs warmoebis adgilis mixedviT (ukana rigismieri, wina rigismieri)
da ufro K-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli labialuri artikulaciiT. K fonema
qarTulSi gadmoicema a xmovniT, magram rig SemTxvevaSi gadmoicema o
xmovniTac; Sdr.: sparsuli nax "xaliCa, safeni" = qarT. noxi; kax
"saCrdilobeli, sazafxulo saxli" = qarT. qoxi (m. andronikaSvili,
1966).
qarTulSi ukana rigis bgerebia o da u, amitom SesaZlebelia,
sparsul ukana rigismier K bgeras qarTulSi moeca o an u. aRsaniSnavia,
rom Tavisufal metyvelebaSi Tanamedrove sparseli xSir SemTxvevaSi
xmarobs K-s nacvlad u-s; mag.: qeTKbxune (<qeTKbxKne); mixunam (mixKnam)...
Zvel aRTqmaSic gawyobil, misarTmev sufras simboluri daniSuleba
hqonda. Sdr.: "dadga tabla sadResaswaulo karavSi, "daawyo masze puri
uflis winaSe" (gamosvlaTa, 40, 21-23). am tablis win ido sasanTle,
romelzec enTo sanTlebi, kretsabmelis SigniT ki idga samsxverplo, masze
akmevda mose sakmevels (gamosvlaTa, 40, 24-27). sufris//tablis aRniSnuli
gageba gadmovida axal aRTqmaSi da dResac saeklesio msaxurebaSi mas,
trapezs (igive sufra, tabla), wmidaTawmida daniSnuleba aqvs; xolo
feSxumi, rogorc satrapeze siwmide, Zvel aRTqmaSi da mis msgavsad axal
aRTqmaSic wmida ZRvenis dasasvenebeli WurWelia (Sdr. "gaakeTa tablis
WurWeli: feSxuenebi, kovzebi" _ gamosvlaTa, 38,16).
saanalizo leqsikuri erTeuli (feSxumi) SeiZleba SevupirispiroT
feSo/feSxo/feSxv- fuZes, rac "akaful, daWril saklavs" niSnavs: "Zmao,
erTi cxvris feSxo momec da xval fass mogcemo (uTxra kacma yasabs)" (s.
s. orbeliani, 1966, gv. 29); "zaqariam goWi akafa da feSxvi saxlSi
lursmnebze dahkida" (T. razikaSvili, 1972, gv. 121); "yorano, erTxelac
iqneba, Tofs gavayaro falia, or feSxvad gagaTavTao, qars gavatano
calia!" (i. evdoSvili, 1974, gv. 89); "xorcs daWridnen feSxo-feSxod" (m.
baliauri, n. makalaTia, 1989, gv. 145). dasturdeba zmnuri fuZeebic:
feSxva/dafeSxoeba (feSxavs/axfeSxavs/gaxfeSxavs) "saklavis akafva-
daWras, wvrilad Wras" niSnavs: feSxavs _ Zalian Wris, axfeSxavs _
aqnis, wvril-wvrilad daWris, gaxfeSxavs _ daWris (gafeSxva, gafeSxuli)
(al. WinWarauli, 2005).
amgvari masala saSualebas iZleva vivaraudoT feSx- Ziris
qarTveluri warmoSoba: feSxE>feSxE-eni>feSxoni>feSxuni>feSxumi.
feSxv-eni - "saklavni" an "saklaviani, Sesawiriani tabla".
feSxo-, feSxum- fuZeebis warmomavloba da urTierTmimarTeba
Semdgom dakvirvebas saWiroebs.

damowmebuli literatura

i. abulaZe, 1950 - i. abulaZe, saqme mociqulTa, Zv. xelnawerebis

mixedviT, Tb., 1950.
i. abulaZe, 1955 - i. abulaZe, mamaTa swavlani, X-XIII ss. xelnawerTa
mixedviT, Tb., 1955.
i. abulaZe, 1973 - i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb.,
1973.
m. andronikaSvili, 1960 - m. andronikaSvili, sparsul-qarTuli
enobrivi urTierTobidan, Tb., 1966.
axali aRTqumai, giorgi da eqvTime mTawmidelebis TargmanTa
gadamuSavebuli gamocema, Tb., 2003.
m. baliauri, n. makalaTia, 1989 - m. baliauri, n. makalaTia, masalebi
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa yofis istoriisaTvis, Tb., 1989.
basili kesarieli, equsTa dReTai, m. kaxaZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1947.
giorgi mTawmideli, 1987 - giorgi mTawmideli, cxovreba iovanesi da
efTvimesi, qarTuli mwerloba, t. I, Tb., 1987.
Греческо-русский церковный словарь, СПБ, Патриархское издательство, 1899
Еврейская Энциклопедия, т.IX,X, под редакций А. Гаркави и Л. Каценельсона,
С.Пб.,1989
i. evdoSvili, 1974 - i. evdoSvili, rCeuli, Tb., 1974.
 iehuda halevi Corni, 1996 - iehuda halevi Corni, mogzauroba
saqarTveloSi... da araratis qveynebSi: Jurn. "ganTiadi", quTaisi, 1996,
#5-6.
T. razikaSvili, 1972 - T. razikaSvili, moTxrobebi, t.II, Tb., 1972.
Русско-Еврейский (идиш) словарь, М.,1989,
sinuri mravalTavi, 864 w., ak. SaniZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1959.
sulxan-saba, 1966 - sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, t. IV, Tb.,
1966.
sulxan-saba, 1991 - sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. I -
1991, t. II - 1993.
farevaSi, 2000 - farevaSi, sparsul-falauri leqsikoni, Teirani, 2000.
c. qurcikiZe, 1959 - c. qurcikiZe, saqmeni da swavlani ioane
mociqulisa da proxore mowafisa misisani IX-XI ss., Tb., 1959.
al. Rlonti, 1974 - al. Rlonti, qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis kona,
Tb., 1974.
ak SaniZe, 1945 - ak SaniZe, qarTuli oTxTavis 2 Zv. redaqcia 3
Satberduli xelnaweris mixedviT, Tb., 1945.
q. ZoweniZe, 1974 - q. ZoweniZe, zemoimeruli leqsikoni, Tb., 1974.
wesi da ganmarteba saRvTo liturgiisa, Tb., 1993.
al. WinWarauli, 2005 - al. WinWarauli, xevsurulis Taviseburebani,
Tb., 2005.

LUIZA KHACHAPURIDZE, SOPIO TKESHELASHVILI

ON PESHKHUMI, A RELIGIOUS TERM

A small-legged dish made of a noble metal used during the divine service is called
‘discos’(‘roundness’) in Greek.
In the Georgian translated liturgical literature we find the term denoting a sacred
vessel from 9th century. Old Georgian written records have the word peshkhumi with the
meaning of vessel in general use.
In Greek household and sacral vessels differ from each other.
The lexical unit peshkhumi and verb forms derived from this word were widely
spread in Georgian. Both in the old religious texts and later in the fiction and dialects the
word can be found with variety of forms, as /pesho//peshkho//peshkhvi, with the meaning
of cut up meat.
In Georgian the verbs: peshkhva//daeshkhoeba// (peshkhavs//
akhpeshkhavs//gakhpeshkhavs) mean to cut up in small pieces, i.e. preparing meat for the
dish to serve to the table. And the term peshkhumi //peshkhueni, means flat round wooden
piece, or low round table or basket (A.Glonti, 1974, K.Dzotsenidze, 1974).
M.Andronikashvili relates peshkhumi to’partskhali’ from Ossetian persh meaning
‘rib’, Georgian pertskh.
I think that the given term peshkhumi//peshkhvani //peshkhueni should be originated from
the middle Persian "pishkhan’, a composed word of two elements: pish (adv)-‘in front of’
and khan(noun) meaning 1.‘table with food,’ 2. ‘big wooden tray’, 3. a stand for fixing
Koran to read.