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(ARP)
Tuan
Address Mapping
But the IP datagram must be encapsulated in a frame to be able to pass through the
physical network.
This means that the sender needs the physical address of the receiver.
ARP accepts a logical address from the IP protocol, maps the address to the
corresponding physical address and pass it to the data link layer.
Types Of Message
These are identified by four values in the operation" field of an ARP message.
ARP Layer
TCP
UDP
ICMP
IP
IGMP
ARP
Network
Access
RARP
Media
Transport
Layer
Network
Layer
Link Layer
Note:
The Internet is based on IP addresses ,
Data link protocols (Ethernet, FDDI, ATM) may have different (MAC) addresses.
The ARP and RARP protocols perform the translation between
IP addresses and
MAC layer addresses.
IP Output
Put on IP
input queue
Yes
Yes
IP Input
IP destination = multicast
or broadcast ?
No
IP destination of packet
= local IP address ?
loopback
Driver
Put on IP
input queue
Ethernet
Driver
ARP
ARP
Packet
IP datagram
demultiplex
Ethernet Frame
ARP components
Operation of ARP
hostname
resolver
IP addr
(1)
FTP
(2)
TCP
(3)
(5)
(6)
(4)
ARP
(8)
IP
(9)
Ethernet driver
ARP request (Ethernet broadcast)
Ethernet driver
ARP
Ethernet driver
(7)
ARP
IP
TCP
hostname
Establish connection
with IP address
Send IP datagram
to IP address
Ethernet II header
Destination
address
Source
address
Type
0x8060
10
Padding
CRC
4
Protocol address
length (1 byte)
15
Hardware
Hardware type (layer 2)
Address
Address length
length
Layer
Layer 22 (n)
(n)
Address
Address length
length
Layer
Layer 3 (m)
31
Protocol
Protocol type
type (layer
(layer 3)
3)
Operation
Operation
Source
Source address
address (layer
(layer 2):
2): n
n bytes
bytes
Source
Source address
address (layer
(layer 3):
3): m
m bytes
bytes
Destiniation
Destiniation address (layer 2): n bytes
bytes
Destination
Destination address
address (layer
(layer 3):
3): m bytes
bytes
Layer-2
Layer-2 header
header
Layer-2
Layer-2 payload
payload
Layer-3
Layer-3 trailer
trailer
IP 172.28.80.100
MAC ?
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
00:50:BA:49:9D:B9
Source MAC
0x0806
0x01
0x06
0x800
0x04
0x001
00:50:BA:49:9D:B9
172.28.80.96
00:00:00:00:00:00
Ethernet / IP
MAC=6 / IP = 4 / request
Source MAC
Source IP
Dest MAC (unknow)
172.28.80.100
Dest IP
Checksum
Ethernet checksum
IP 172.28.80.100
MAC 00:02:7A:D2:B3:00
00:02:7A:D2:B3:00
0x800
Source MAC
ARP frame type
Ethernet / IP
0x002
MAC=6 / IP = 4 / reply
0x0806
0x01
0x06
0x04
00:02:7A:D2:B3:00
172.28.80.100
00:50:BA:49:9D:B9
Source MAC
Source IP
Dest MAC
172.28.80.96
Dest IP
Checksum
Ethernet checksum
Common Slide
ARP-Request to FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
0
15
0x00
0x00 01
01 (Ethernet)
(Ethernet)
66
44
ARP-Reply to 49:72:16:08:64:14
31
0x80
0x80 00
00 (Internet
(Internet Protocol)
Protocol)
0x00
0x00 01
01 (ARP-Request)
(ARP-Request)
15
0x00
0x00 01
01 (Ethernet)
(Ethernet)
66
49
49 72
72 16
16 08
08
31
0x80
0x80 00
00 (Internet
(Internet Protocol)
Protocol)
0x00
0x00 02
02 (ARP-Reply)
(ARP-Reply)
49
49 72
72 16 08
64
64 14
14
129
129 25
25
64
64 14
14
129
129 25
25
10
10 72
72
00
00 00
00
10
10 72
72
49
49 78
78
00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00
21
21 21
21 23 90
129
129 25 10
10 11
11
129
129 25
25 10
10 11
11
ARP Cache
Address resolution
Table look-up
Computation
Derivation from the host address part of IP address
Useful in network that employ reconfigurable (dynamical) port address.
Message exchange:
A server responds to address resolution request that it receives
Any machine that knows the hardware address responds to address resolution request
broadcasts
ARP message
Hardware addr. type
Hardware addr.
length
Operation
Protocol addr.
length
Source protocol addr. (last 2 bytes) Dest. Hardware addr. (first 2 bytes)
Dest. Hardware addr. (last 4 bytes)
Dest. Protocol addr.
LAN
MAC
MAC address
address of
of 129.25.10.11
129.25.10.11 ??
Reply
Reply to:
to: 49:72:16:08:64:14
49:72:16:08:64:14 (129.25.10.72)
(129.25.10.72)
IP: 129.25.10.11
MAC: 49:78:21:21:23:90
Router R
IP: 129.1.11.72
MAC: 10:11:72:AB:02:01
Computer A:
IP: 129.25.10.72
MAC: 49:72:16:08:64:14
Computer B:
IP: 129.25.10.97
MAC: 49:72:16:08:80:70
Computer C:
IP: 129.25.10.81
MAC: 49:17:92:96:96:96
LAN (2)
LAN
System A
System B
Request
LAN
System A
System B
Reply
Proxy ARP
Added subnetwork
The proxy ARP router replies
to any ARP request received
for destinations 141.23.56.21,
141.23.56.22, and 141.23.56.23.
Router or host
141.23.56.21
141.23.56.22
141.23.56.23
Proxy ARP
router
Thank You !