Adult Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue

Key words: Adipose cells, Mesenchymal stem cells

Summary:Adipose stem cells are stem cells isolated from adipose tissue (depots of fat
for storing energy ), such as the abdominal region. Unlike the human bone marrow
stromal/stem stem cells, adipose stem cells can not only be retrieved in high number
but easily be expanded in vitro.

Body:
Adipose stem cells are cells isolated from adipose tissue (depots of fat for storing
energy ), such as the abdominal region. Because many people possess excess fat , and
the harvest procedure is with low morbidity to the donors and is quite easy, which
means large quantities of adipose-derived stem cells can be collected in a single
procedure without the need for cell culture expansion, adipose tissue becomes an ideal
large-scale source for research on clinical applications.
Importantly, unlike the human bone marrow stromal/stem stem cells, which are
present at low frequency in the bone marrow, adipose stem cells can not only be
retrieved in high number but easily be expanded in vitro.
Besides, adipose tissue are also an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). All of

these specialties make adipose-derived stem cells a particular promise in the field of
regenerative medicine.
Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of self-renewal and trilineage differentiation into
adipocytes, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts. They are primarily isolated by
Friedenstein and colleagues from the bone marrow of guinea pigs in 1970.
In humans, generally speaking, the MSCs reside in adult tissues, including bone marrow

and adipose tissue. However, although we have referred many advantages of adiposederived stem cells in the above, researchers and scientists has taken bone marrowderived stem cells as the primary source of stem cells for tissue engineering
applications in the past years.
Only in recent years, many recent studies have shown that subcutaneous adipose
tissue provides a clear advantage over other stem cell sources as weve talked in the
above. Various clinical trials were discussed in the field of regenerative medicine.

The adipose-derived stem cells might have the neural potential; they could provide
help for in stroke treatment because of their abundance and easy harvesting, and a lot
of experimental studies have shown the potential of adipose tissue-derived
mesenchymal stem cells for improving functional deficits and have led to the first
clinical trials in stroke patients; The adipose tissue derived MSCs could also have
potentials in treating kidney disease.
ASCs are under investigation for a variety of therapeutic applications. Although the
mechanisms underlying the migration of ASCs remain to be determined, clarification
of the roles of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on ASCs may lead to the
development of therapeutic strategies to enhance the recruitment of cultured ASCs to
injured or damaged tissue.
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