Welded Joint

A Permanent joint
What is Welding? (M.M.M.M.)
Brazing, Soldering, Adhesive - - -

Multi
Pass
Bead Weld

Throat & Leg

HAZ

Type of welded joints

Variation
with plate
thickness

SPECIFICATION OF WELD SYSTEM

SPECIFICATION OF WELD SYSTEM

The AWS standard welding symbol

Weldment Design Practice

Eliminate welding by forming the
plate and using rolled or extruded
sections
Minimise the amount of weld
metal
Do not over weld
Use intermittent welding in
preference to a continuous weld
pass
Avoid multiple weld accumulation
Metal to metal contact should
bear load, not the weld
Place welds about the neutral
axis
Balance the welding about the
middle of the joint by using a
double-V joint in preference to a
single-V joint

ARC AND GAS WELDING SYMBOLS

Fillet welds

(a) The number beside triangle indicates the leg size. The arrow
need to point only to one weld when the weld on all sides is
same.
(b) Here the weld symbol indicates that he weldment is
intermittent and staggered at 60 mm length at an interval of
200 mm (centre to centre distance).

Different groove preparations for butt joints

Square butt welded on both

sides.
Single V with 60o bevel and

root opening of 2 mm

Double V

Single bevel

All arround fillet weld

Circle on the weld symbol indicates that the welding is to go

all around.

Different groove preparations for fillet joints

T joint for thick plates

Corner weld, meant

only for light loads

U and J joints for thick plates

Edge weld for sheet metal

and light loads

Typical butt joints with possible loading

Reinforcements, though can increase the area taking the load, but for
fatigue loading, it induce stress concentration at location A and
hence normally removed by grinding or machining.

F / hl

F / hl

Typical fillet with possible loading

Along any plain at angle

Fs F sin
Fn F cos
t
h
h 2

o
o

sin 45
sin 180 45 cos sin

h
t
cos sin

h
cos sin

The stresses at any angle in the weld

Fs Fs F sin cos sin F sin cos sin 2

A tl
hl
hl

Fn Fn F cos cos sin F cos 2 sin cos

A tl
hl
hl
The resultant von-Mises stress is

' 3
2

hl

cos sin cos sin sin cos

2

Largest von-Mises stress

occurs at = 62.5 degree

Final Formulas
The maximum von - M ises stress occurs at 62.50 ,
2.16 F
'
max ' 62.5o
hl
1.196 F
62.5o
hl
0.623F
62.5o
hl

Parallel Fillet Weld: Welding Code Method

h
t
cos sin
For 45 0 , t 0.707 h

F / 0.707hl 1.414F / hl

Minimum Weld-Metal Properties

Table 93

Stresses Permitted by the AISC Code for Weld Metal

Table 94

WELDED JOINT IN TORSION

Primary shear stress:

V / A
Secondary shear stress:

Mr / J
Where:

M = Fa

J Second polar moment of area of the weldments

about the cetroid of the weldment areas

J Gi Ai ri 2 I xx I yy i Ai ri 2

( )
2

An example of
unequal weld
b1 0.707 h1
d 2 0.707 h2
h1 leg size of weldment - 1
h2 leg size of weldment - 2
The total throat area against primary shear

A A1 A2 t1d t2b
Secondary shear estimation needs the estimation of the total
second polar moment of area of the two weldments together.
t1d 3
dt13
t1d 3 dt13
I x 1
; I y 1
; J G1 I x 1 I y 1

12
12
12
12
bt 23
t 2b 3
bt 23 t 2b 3
I x 2 ; I y 2
; J G2 I x 2 I y 2

12
12
12
12

An example of unequal weld

The centroid G can be

located as follows.

A1 x1 A2 x2
x
A
A1 y1 A2 y2
y
A
r1

x x

y ;
2

r2

J J G1 A1r12 J G2 A2 r22

x y2 y
2

Torsional Properties of Fillet Welds

J 0.707hJ u

(Table 9-1, page:484)

BENDING WELDED JOINT

bd 2
bd 2
Iu
, I 0.707hI u 0.707h
2
2
Secondary shear stress
Mc
Md / 2
1.414M

2
I
bdh
0.707hbd / 2

V
Primary shear stress, '
A

Combining ( )
2

Bending Properties of Fillet Welds

I 0.707hI u

(Table 9-2; page:488-489)

Bending Properties of Fillet Welds - contd.

(Table 9-2;
page:488-489)

Welded Joint under Fatigue loading

Conventional methods will be used
In fatigue, the Gerber criterion is best; however,
Goodman criterion is commonly used for simplicity.
For the surface factor, forged surface will be assumed for
weld unless a superior finish is specified.
For stress concentration factor use Table 9.5

Fatigue Stress-Concentration Factors, Kfs

Table 95