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140
one
of
the
authors
proposed
new
(MWW)
system.
algorithm
outperforms
conventional
1,000
Terms
wavelet
transform,
k-mean
clustering
LINTRODUCTION
141
Recently, an extended of MWW runs test, called weighted
MWW runs test [23],was proposed. The weighted MWW runs
test outperforms all of the conventional similarity measures
with respect to the precision and the computational time.
In this paper, we proposed a new content-based medical
image retrieval system based on the wavelet transform and the
weighted MWW runs. The organization of the paper is
following. In section II, the fundamental theories of the
wavelet transform and the weighted MWW runs test are
described. Section III presents the proposed algorithm. The
experiments are given in section IV. Finally, conclusions and
future work are discussed in section V.
Ui,k,i
in scale
A.
ff (
I x,
j, and
( x, y t
B.
of
be a set of finite
pair
(V,E)
such
Elements of
A graph on
E
that
and
G. The degree
HU
Di
of a vertex
Vi
is a
are called
Vi
and
{( Vi' vJ
VI
l.
I( Vi' VI ) V} :J=l'
j and subband B. An
set
II. FUNDAMENTAL THEORY
(V',E')
(V,E)
is a graph
E. A walk of
HHI
.
.
LL
scaling functions
that form an orthonormal basis for
2
2
L 91 . Given a J -scale DWT, an image I x,
of
( )
( Y)
(2)
N x N is decomposed as:
NJ-l
I ( x,y )
I U ,k/jJ,i ( x,y )
k,i=O J
=
(I)
where
'
r
length of an edge
e (Vi' Vi )
where
==
==
distribution function
j, and
YPY2,...,Ym
with common
are i.i.d. random
142
(MWW) runs test [26] to assess the null hypothesis
Ho
f = g as follows.
Let
and Y
(4)
= {Yi t
l'
= Xu Y.
X = {Xi t
R,
I. Since
the number of
m+n,
can be computed as
E[R]= 2n +1
is
mn 2mn-N
Var[RIC]= 2
(6)
N(N-1)
N
C- +2
[N(N-1)-4mn+2]
+
(N-2 N-3)
(7)
(3)
-I
= 1,
=0
otherwise.
An example of the MWW runs test is shown in Fig. 2. Fig.
2(a) shows the MST on V
Y where + symbols and
= Xu
symbol to a . symbol
m+n-1
R= L>i+1
i
where Zi
(5)
becomes higher.
R= 9.
V.
V=XuY
Let N
= m+n,
and
Ci
sharing the ith vertex of the MST, and Di the degree of the
ith vertex. Then
M Jl l-------f
143
o. be an image of wavelet coefficient, where
0.7 (k,i)=W;'k,i' and let MJ be an image of scaling
coefficient, where M/(k,i)=u/,k,;' An image of texture
Let
information in direction of
B
subband, <D ,
can be
o.p o.2'
o.73' and MJI using Symlet wavelet. Next, resize o.72
and o.3 to the same dimension of o.l' Then construct
B
<D by summing o.71' the resized o.72 and o.73' and
MJ=I'
constructed as shown in Fig. 3. Firstly,compute
and
be two
Sf;
respectively. Let
F;
Eq. (8) of
and
G;
and
SG,
respectively.
<D"" (x,y)1 X
let
donotc
Fig. 4: An Example of
Cp C
0 0 .
be
C;,
S; be a Voronoi cell
where
Ilql
(8)
F.
C;.
We;
is
2mn
---
m+n
, where
in
be the
be called the
respectively.
In
this
the region
and
Wei
weight of
Sq U SCi3 U SF,
Sf3
Sf;
and
SCI U SC3
case,
and
defmed as:
the image
l
II
and
2
12
effective
(9)
and its
Let
the MST on
neighbors
uSr:.
...
C;.
[1, ,M]}
G1
Consider a centroid
similarity
measure.
<Dl u<D2
However
<DI U <D2
in
can be
practical
F; ,oo.,FM, G1
0 0 '
GM
144
i=l
(10)
i=l
)
) (
(
)
IV. EXPERIMENTS
In this experiment, the medical images from the Image
Retrieval for Medical Application (IRMA) of Aachen
University of technology are used. The database consists of 20
categories, and each category consists of 50 images with
various sizes. The categories in the experiments are chosen
comprehensively X-ray images which used for diagnosis in
medical field. The example images are shown in figure 5, and
the categories are shown in table 1. The block diagram of
experiment process has shown in figure 6.
TABLE 1
THE GROUP IN DATABASE
group
Irma code
group
Irma code
1121-4aO-414-700
11
1121-120-943-700
1121-4aO-914-700
12
1121-120-961-700
1121-115-700-400
13
1121-210-330-700
1121-120-200-700
14
1121-220-230-700
1121-120-310-700
15
1121-220-310-700
1121-120-330-700
16
1121-320-941-700
1121-120-421-700
17
1121-430-213-700
1121-120-516-700
18
1123-110-500-000
1121-120-800-700
19
1123-211-500-000
10
1121-120-922-700
20
1124-310-620-625
Precision
relevant images
=
retrieved images
(11)
145
using Dynamically optimised Regional Features,. ICIP (3) 2005:
Wavele
Cluster
20
Cluster
40
Cluster
60
Cluster
80
Cluster
100
sym2
0.294
0.546
0.424667
0.441
0.534528
sym3
0.249667
0.483
0.403667
0.5063 33
0.482961
sym4
0.301
0.5063 33
0.441
0.483
0.536667
sym5
0.233333
0.49
0.485333
0.445667
0.5250004
sym6
0.245
0.455
0.485333
0.455
0.5110004
sym7
0.2473 33
0.452667
0.476
0.473667
0.473667
1232-1235
[2]
[3]
920, 2002.
[4]
sym8
0.205333
0.422333
0.422333
0.4433 3 3
0.4900003
sym9
0.278833
0.427
0.445667
0.4573 3 3
0.459667
[5]
[6]
6
-
sym2
sym3
sym4
symS
sym6
sym7
S
4
Precision 3
20
40
60
80
Number Cluster
100
sym8
sym9
[7]
[8]
[9]
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have presented a new content-based
medical image retrieval system based on wavelet transform and
MWW runs test. The advantage of the proposed method is to
use with many resolutions and many kinds of medical images.
Figure 7 demonstrate that the best accuracy of retrieval was
symlet 4 which had about 0.53. Several kinds of image
experiment have generate highly precision. In the future work,
we will solve some kind of medical image which have low
precision. We will not consider with black local in background
of medical image. It should be increase precision.
[13]
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Thomas
M.Deserno Lehmann for medical dataset. The main image
dataset used in this study is courtesy of the IRMA Group,
Aachen,Germany,http://irma-project.org.
[14]
REFERENCES
[1] Wei Xiong, Bo Qiu, Qi Tian, Changsheng Xu, Sim Heng Ong,
Kelvin Foong (2005), "Content Based Medical Image Retrieval
146
[IS]
[16]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[2S]
[26]