Colloquium BTP Report

Turbulent Jet Impingement Cooling of Cylindrical Surfaces

Project Done by:

Anupam Garg (2009ME10563)
under the supervision of

Prof. B. Premachandran

Colloquium Presentation by:

Deepak Singla
2012ME10659

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!1

Colloquium BTP Report

Turbulent Jet Impingement Cooling of Cylindrical Surfaces
Abstract
In the project, computational methods have been used to simulate the flow and
investigate the heat transfer in slot jet confined impinging jet configurations. CFD
code for simulating the 2D geometries were developed in C++. QUICK
discretization scheme was used for convective terms in structured grids. Pressure
and velocity are stored at cell centers, momentum interpolation is used to prevent
pressure checker boarding and SIMPLE algorithm is used for pressure velocity
coupling.
Codes were validated by comparing the results with experimental data sets for e.g.;
Navier stokes equations solver was validated using benchmark case of lid driven
square cavity. Further two turbulent models namely k-e and v2-f were integrated to
solve for turbulent flow and validated against DNS results of fully turbulent
channel flow.
Resulting system matrices were first preconditioned using LU decomposition and
then solved by Biconjugate Gradient Stabilized method. Marix operations were
handled using PETSc. Further to work with any geometry, mesh reader has been
developed to read mesh filed generated by GAMBIT.
Governing Equations
First equation: Navier Stokes equations for incompressible flows with const. velocity:

Continuity Equation
COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

Momentum Equation
!2

Numerical Proceedure
Finite volume based scheme was used for solving equations governing constant
density, incompressible, viscous, Newtonian fluid flows.
Finite Volume Discretization Method
1. Discretization of convective fluxes
2. Discretization of diffusive forces
After discretization Navier Stokes equations were solved using SIMPLE algorithm
Gradient Computation

Gradient was calculated using least squares gradient reconstruction

Boundary Conditions:
Codes were used to specify Boundary conditions at locations Inlet
Outlet
Wall
Symmetry

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!3

Turbulence Modelling
Navier stokes are general equations for fluid flows and are valid for any value of
Reynolds number. To calculate turbulent flows we use time averaged equations
such as Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations.
Turbulence closure problem can be solved by using Eddy Viscosity concept
according to Boussinesq.
Chien k-E Model:
2 equation model in which 2 partial differential equations are used to describe
development of turbulence kinetic energy and of qty. related turbulent length scale.
Here wall treatment is carried out by use of wall functions since exact boundary
conditions cant be used when Reynolds number is not high. It is a low Reynolds
number turbulence model which is valid down to solid wall

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!4

v2-f Model:
It has been developed, calibrated and validated using flows parallel to wall. The
v2-f model is similar to the Standard k-epsilon model Additionally, it incorporates
also some near-wall turbulence anisotropy as well as non-local pressure-strain
effects. It is a general turbulence model for low Reynolds-numbers, that does not
need to make use of wall functions because it is valid upto solid walls. Instead of
turbulent kinetic energy k, the v2-f model uses a velocity scale v2 (hence the
name v2-f model) for the evaluation of the eddy viscosity.

Problem Description
Fig1. and Fig2. show the computational domain used for studying the jet
impingement on flat plate and cylindrical surfaces respectively.

Fig1.

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!5

Fig2.

Results and Discussions:

1.1 Validation for Navier Stokes Equations
Code is validated against flows for which benchmark solutions are present.
l.1.1 Poiseuille Flow

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!6

Fully developed pressure driven flow with no slip boundary conditions at top and
bottom walls.
Code developed gives solution exactly equal to analytical solution given by the
equation:
u(y) = -1/2u * dp/dx * [1-(2y/d)2]
l.1.2 Lid Driven Cavity Flow
Code is validated using benchmark problem of Lid driven cavity flow.

Lid Driven Cavity Flow

Comparison of V velocity at horizontal mid plane of cavity

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!7

Comparison of U velocity at horizontal mid plane of cavity

Benchmark and Present Case

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!8

Since obtained results are closed to benchmark solutions thus solution for NS
equations is validated
1.2 Validation for Temperature Equations
l.2.1 Nature Convection in Square cavity

Code is validated for different values of Rayleigh numbers i.e. 10^3, 10^4, 10^5,
10^6, comparing it with benchmark results
Parameters calculated for different mesh sizes are close to benchmark values given
by de Vahl Davis for Rayleigh Numbers 104 and 106
1.3 Validation for Turbulence Models
l.3.1 Chien k-e model
Model is validated for fully developed turbulent channel flow at reynolds number
180 based on friction velocity.

Parameter

Present

DNS

Rec

3300

3300

Ret

172

180

Uc/Ut

19.1

18.2

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!9

Results are a good match with DNS results

l.3.1 k-e-v2 model
Model is validated for fully developed turbulent channel flow at reynolds number

590 based on friction velocity. Results are a good match with Davidsons results
1.4 Validation for Unstructured Solver
Simulation is done for laminar channel flow with unstructured grid to check
accuracy of unstructured solver. Obtained results are close to analytical results,
therefore its validated.
Y

Computed

Analytical

Error

0.005
0.01

0.2391

0.2375

0.68

0.4434

0.4500

-1.47

0.015

0.6344

0.6375

-0.48

0.02

0.8001

0.8000

0.01

0.025

0.9368

0.9375

-0.08

0.03

1.0430

1.0500

-0.67

0.035

1,1367

1.1375

-0.07

0.04

1.2034

1.2000

0.28

0.045

1.2366

1.2375

-0.08

0.50

1.2529

1.2500

0.23

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!10

1.5 Jet Impingement

Simulations are performed for confined jet impingement on flat and cylindrical

surfaces.
Local Nusselt number is compared to experimental values of Colucci.
Conclusions:
CFD simulations were carried out by developing codes in C++ (no reliance on
commercial CFD packages) successfully to determine the heat transfer due to
turbulent jet impinging on flat and cylindrical surfaces. While code validation
problems like Lid driven cavity flow, natural convection in square cavity, turbulent
channel flow etc. were studied.

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!11

Features of Code:
2D unstructured grid solver
Ability to simulate complex geometries by reading meshes generated by
GAMBIT
Visualize mesh in Para View
Imposing distribution profile of a variable at the boundary
State of simulation can be saved at any iteration. Particular state can be later
loaded to continue simulation at iteration left

COLLOQUIUM BTP REPORT

!12