Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Health
2011
The global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues
5th Floor, 209215 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8NL, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 2388 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7633 2389
E-mail: info@ipieca.org Internet: www.ipieca.org
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the
prior consent of IPIECA.
This publication is printed on paper manufactured from fibre obtained from sustainably grown
softwood forests and bleached without any damage to the environment.
Managing health
for field operations
in oil and gas
activities
A guide for managers and supervisors
in the oil and gas industry
Photographs reproduced courtesy of the following: cover, upper left: Shutterstock.com; upper centre and bottom:
iStockphoto.com; upper right: Photos.com pages 12, 13, 14 and 34: Shutterstock.com; pages 4, 6, 9, 11, 15,
16, 19, 20, 21: iStockphoto.com; page 18: Corbis.
IPIECA
OGP
Contents
ii
Introduction
Occupational health
16
17
17
19
Glossary
22
Annex 1
Health audit for managers
23
Annex 2
Guidelines for medical evacuation by
ground, air and water
28
Annex 3
Guidelines for health-care professionals:
knowledge, skills and medical kits
31
Annex 4
Local medical facility audit template
35
Introduction
All companies, whether operators or contractors,
operations.
of continuous improvement.
continuous improvement.
continual improvement.
reputation;
ensuring cost-effectiveness.
OGP, 2010. HSE Managementguidelines for working together in a contract environment. (OGP report number 423)
E&P Forum (now OGP), 1994. Guidelines for the development and application of health, safety and environmental
management systems. E&P Forum report number 210.
IPIECA
OGP
risk management;
and
Occupational health
Occupational health is an integral part of the
benefits:
Leaner company profiles mean that there are
health.
working environment;
image.
and
API, 1998. Model environmental, health and safety (EHS) management system and guidance document. (API Publication 9100)
The Occupational Health and Safety Group. OHSAS 18000 Occupational Health and Safety Toolkit:
www.ohsas-18001-occupational-health-and-safety.com/ohsas-18001-kit.htm
Figure 1 illustrates
the range of
benefits that
Improved
corporate image
Reduced
sickness and absence
businesses enjoy in
Improved
employee retention
Fewer
accidents
Improved
business reliance
Better
business decisions
Improved
commitment
Increased efficiency
and productivity
health; and
exposures;
A roadmap to
The OGP-IPIECA
Insert CD-ROM,
browse to the Word
file called HRA_Part2
and double-click to
open. (Requires
Microsoft Word)
/OG
.A
E CA
IP I
ith
tw
m
ee
Oil and gas industry
a gr
or
HRA template ade without pri
en
E CA
I PI
Part 2:
OG
006
risk assessment
Roadmap to health
l l ri
gh
ts r
es e
rv e
d. N
o un
au t ho
ay be
r iz e d c op
i es o f t hi s C D- R O M m
(left) provides an
introduction to
health risk
assessment
processes, as well
as a CD-based
template giving
examples of HRA-
specific
deeper understanding.
implementation.
IPIECA
OGP
of the community.
The identification
and control of
occupational health
a) Standard precautions:
Hand hygienewash hands thoroughly with
soap and water or use an alcohol-based rub.
is key to
maintaining
appropriate
standards of
industrial hygiene.
precautions:
hazard, include:
protection;
protection; and
gowns or aprons for skin and / or clothing
protection.
vaccinations.
local authorities.
IPIECA
OGP
Health-care
personnel range
from trained firstaiders to medical
specialists capable
of diagnosing and
treating complex
medical conditions.
Table 1 Guidance on response times for provision of basic life support and immediate first aid
Response time
Responder
< 4 minutes
< 20 minutes
< 1 hour
< 6 hours
tertiary HCU.
treatment;
emergency plan.
IPIECA
OGP
Drills
Once the MERP has been developed it should be
practised regularly and should include testing of all
logistical support required, e.g. communications,
transport. The results of drills should be reviewed
and the plan revised if necessary.
Effectiveness of a MERP
To be effective, the MERP should be:
Managing risk
Governance
This approach to improving the quality of healthcare is described in some countries as clinical
managing risk;
using evidence.
component in the
important activities:
effective care;
creating a culture
current practice.
that values
IPIECA
OGP
Using evidence
Clinical decisions about treatments and services
should be made on the basis of the best available
evidence to make sure care is safe and effective.
Health professionals need to have the correct skills
to identify and assess information from a variety of
evidence sources to help them make decisions
about care. Health-care professional development
involves keeping up to date and reviewing practice
on a regular basis.
Activity in the following important areas
demonstrates that evidence is being used in a
health-care system:
10
DH 20007.
Scally, G. and Donaldson, L. J., 1998. Clinical governance and the drive for quality improvement in the new NHS in England.
In BMJ (British Medical Journal) 317:61, pp. 6165. Published 4 July 1998.
IoM, 1999. To Err is Human: Building a safer health system. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Washington DC, USA.
DH, 2000. An organisation with a memory: Report of an expert group on learning from adverse events in the NHS.
Department of Health, London, UK.
OGP, 2000. Strategic health management: principles and guidelines for the oil & gas industry. OGP report number 6.88/307.
An occupational
health-care facility
may be established to
provide a range of
services including, for
example, fitness to
work assessments,
health surveillance of
the workforce,
training, vaccinations,
and more.
immunizations;
testing;
adverse reactions.
legislation;
assessments9; and
competent manner.
OGP-IPIECA, 2011. Fitness to work: Guidance for company and contractor health, HSE and HR professionals.
11
IPIECA
OGP
training.
of such drugs.
be more challenging.
Management of
pharmaceutical
inventory may
prove challenging
in some locations
for a number of
reasons, including
local legislation.
maintaining documentation.
12
consist of a
combination of
local, national and
international staff;
management
should be sensitive
requirements of its
purpose;
dependants.
instructions;
recorded on a database;
life.
on this subject.
personnel include:
occupation;
culture;
language;
religion;
tradition;
superstition;
gender;
family;
dietary habits;
sanitation;
health issues.
hygiene standards;
11
MHRA, 2006. Managing medical devices: guidance for health-care and social services organisations. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, report number DB2006(05), November 2006. Available from the MHRA website at:
www.mhra.gov.uk/Publications/Safetyguidance/DeviceBulletins/CON2025142
13
IPIECA
OGP
Communication
Effective communication is essential for any
operation and, in particular, for the management of
health-related problems.
Communication can be performed by:
The importance of
public health;
familiarity with
endemic conditions;
fax;
computers (e-mail, Internet);
cultural norms of
the workforce
cannot be
overemphasized.
relevant stakeholders.
Telemedicine
Telemedicine can be defined as the use of
care personnel;
14
store-and-forward;
interactive services.
Well-established
communication
systems are
effective
management of
health-related
issues and
emergencies.
IPIECA
OGP
standards.
capabilities;
industry standards;
appropriate/required;
or co-workers; and
capabilities.
12
16
OGP-IPIECA, 2007. Health performance indicators: A guide for the oil and gas industry. OGP report number 393.
Internal reporting
Legislative reporting
normally reported.
where possible.
13
OGP-IPIECA, 2005. A guide to health impact assessments in the oil and gas industry.
17
IPIECA
OGP
Record management
Occupational illness
is often poorly
reported, but
same importance
as reporting an
accident or incident
occurring at the
work site.
Industry reporting
18
14
OGP-IPIECA, 2007. Health performance indicators: a guide for the oil and gas industry. OGP report number 393.
15
ICD 9: International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition: a widely used classification system employed to codify diseases
and medical conditions.
projects into a
companys corporate
social responsibility
programme can
complement existing
government or
community health
programmes and
support local
capacity building.
16
OGP, 2000. Strategic health management: principles and guidance for the oil and gas industry. OGP report number 6.88/307,
June 2000.
17
OGP-IPIECA 2009. A guide to food and water safety for the oil and gas industry. OGP report number 397.
19
IPIECA
OGP
Sanitation
Disease-causing organisms, including viruses,
bacteria and eggs or larvae of parasites may all be
present in human faeces. These microorganisms
may enter the body through faecally-contaminated
food, water, and eating and cooking utensils, and
by contact with other contaminated objects.
Diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid are spread in this
way and are major causes of sickness and death.
Some fly species and cockroaches are attracted to,
or breed, in faeces. High fly densities will increase
the risk of transmission of trachoma and Shigella
dysentery. Intestinal worm infections (hookworm,
whipworm and others) are transmitted through
contact with soil that has been contaminated with
faeces, and may spread rapidly where open
defecation occurs and people walk barefoot.
Sullage
Wastewater from kitchens, bathrooms and
laundries is called sullage. It can contain
disease-causing organisms, particularly from soiled
clothing, but its main health hazard
occurs when it collects in poorly drained places
be appropriately
located and
maintained at a
high level of
cleanliness; sewage
disposal measures
should be carefully
designed and built
to avoid
Solid waste
contamination of
drinking water
sources.
20
Attention should be
given to the
treatment and
disposal of solid
waste, especially
prevent or minimize
infection.
design18,19,20,21
18
WHO, 2003. Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide. Eds. Wisner, B. and Adams, J.
World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-154541-0. 272 pages, English only. Order No. 11500487.
www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emergencies/emergencies2002/en/index.html
19
The Sphere Project, 2000. Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in disaster response. Chapter 2: Minimum standards
in water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion. www.sphereproject.org/content/view/38/5/lang,english
20
Davis, J. and Lambert, R., 2002. Engineering in emergencies: A practical guide for relief workers. Second Edition. RedR/IT
Publications, London. 718pp ISBN: 1-85339-521-8.
21
Harvey, P., Baghri, S. and Reed, R. (2002) Emergency sanitation: Assessment and programme design. WEDC, Loughborough
University, UK.
22
UNCHS, 1989. Solid waste management in low income housing projects: the scope for community participation. UNCHS,
Nairobi, Kenya
23
WHO, 1991. Surface water drainage for low-income communities. ISBN 92-4-154416-3. World Health Organization, Geneva.
24
Reed, R. and Dean, P. T., 1994. Recommended methods for the disposal of sanitary wastes from temporary field medical
facilities. In: Disasters, Vol.18(4), pp.355-67, December 1994.
25
WHO, 1999. Safe management of wastes from health-care activities. Eds. Prss, A., Giroult, E. and Rushbrook, P.
World Health Organization, Geneva.
21
IPIECA
OGP
Glossary
Clinical governance
Occupational disease
or industry.
health system.
Occupational health hazard
Emergency medical technician (EMT)
conditions at work.
First responder
an emergency scene.
First-aiders
An individual who is a non-expert, but a trained
person able to provide the initial care for an illness
and
(c) contributing to the establishment and
maintenance of the highest possible degree of
physical and mental well-being of the workers.
Health-care system
A complex of facilities, organizations and trained
a geographical area.
22
Position: .........................................................................
Remarks: .....................................................................................................................................................................................
0
Comments
continued
23
IPIECA
OGP
24
Comments
Comments
continued
25
IPIECA
OGP
26
Comments
Comments
27
IPIECA
OGP
appropriate masks:
rebreatheable bag masks are necessary if
100% oxygen is required;
minute;
suction equipment;
venous fluids;
mattress;
easily released);
procedures.
weather conditions;
cardiovascular instability;
Commercial aircraft
Both scheduled and chartered commercial aircraft
can be utilized for seated and stretcher patient
transport. Commercial flights are the first choice for
stable patients needing to be flown long distances.
For stretcher patients an airline-approved stretcher
is necessary; note that this can limit the availability
of commercial aircraft for rapid patient movement.
Medical evacuation by commercial aircraft is
usually contraindicated in the following
circumstances:
contagious diseases;
agitation;
the following:
nauseating odours;
incontinence;
29
IPIECA
OGP
Aircraft standards
In certain types of aircraft (e.g. helicopters),
consideration should be given to problems
associated with:
vibration;
air sickness;
may be required).
highly recommended);
stretcher accessibility;
transport;
Air ambulances
regulations.
conditions;
30
Surgical tape
Triangular bandages
Safety pins
Surgical gloves
paramedic.
Scissors
Pocket mask
specialists.
Access to an AED and eye wash facility is
recommended.
Circulation)
associated hazards
Management of bleeding
Basic hygiene
immersion, burns
splashes
Contents list
Guidance leaflet
Butterfly closures
Crepe bandages
IPIECA
OGP
Thermometer (digital)
Forceps
Pocket light
Saline solution
Food hygiene
Other abilities
In certain circumstances first aiders may need to
drive or operate radio equipment in order to fulfil
their first-aid responsibilities.
Suture set
Sphygmomanometer
Stethoscope
Oro-pharyngeal airway
Laryngeal mask
Pulse oximeter
training.
Supervision
Endotracheal tubes
Intravenous cannulae
Intravenous fluids
Rehydration sachets
Thermometer
health professional.
Glucometer
Splints
Nasopharyngeal airways
PPE
forms
32
Nebulizer capability
Capnography device.
26
33
IPIECA
OGP
Major trauma
Neurosurgery
Severe burns
Cardiac surgery
High-risk pregnancy
Oncology
Major psychoses
34
Secondary
health-care
unit
Tertiary
health-care
unit
Administration
Basic
Advanced
Patient confidentiality
Health records
Medevac procedures
Appointment system
Accessibility
Security
Communication
Telemedicine
Paramedic
Nurse
Doctorgeneral practitioner
General surgeon
Cardiologist
Obstetriciangynecologist
Paediatrician
Anaesthetist
Dentist
Logistics
Health professionals
Basic
Advanced
continued
35
IPIECA
OGP
Table 3 Basic requirements of primary, secondary and tertiary health-care units (continued)
Primary
health-care
unit
Secondary
health-care
unit
Tertiary
health-care
unit
Pharmacist
Health technician
Ophthalmologist
Surgical specialists
Medical specialists
Premises
Cleanliness
Privacy
Lighting
Refrigeration
Heating/air conditioning
Toilets
Waste disposal
Running water
Environmental protection
Ambulance
Catering
36
Potable water
Laundry service
Sterilization/sterile supplies
Operating theatre
Recovery room
Emergency room
Isolation room
Mortuary
Table 3 Basic requirements of primary, secondary and tertiary health-care units (continued)
Primary
health-care
unit
Secondary
health-care
unit
Tertiary
health-care
unit
Premises (continued)
Helicopter landing access
CD cabinet
Thermometer
Sphygmomanometer
Stethoscope
Diagnostic equipment
Foetal stethoscope
Otoscope
Reflex hammer
Ophthalmoscope
Eye chart
Scales
Height measurement
Electrocardiogram
Audiometer
Radiology
Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Laboratory
Spirometer
Peak flow meter
Glucometer
12-lead ECG
continued
37
IPIECA
OGP
Table 3 Basic requirements of primary, secondary and tertiary health-care units (continued)
Primary
health-care
unit
Secondary
health-care
unit
Tertiary
health-care
unit
Emergency requirements
Syringes, catheters, needles, sterile swabs
Intravenous fluids
Antitoxin
Anaphylaxis treatment
Suture kit
Splints
Oxygen
Manual defibrillator
Suction
Laryngoscope
Pulse oxymeter
blood gases
ventilator
chest tube
monitoring equipment
Urinary catheterization
Thrombolysis
General medicine
Vaccination
38
Table 3 Basic requirements of primary, secondary and tertiary health-care units (continued)
Primary
health-care
unit
Secondary
health-care
unit
Tertiary
health-care
unit
General surgery
Cardiology
Obstetricsgynaecology
Paediatrics
Psychiatry
Anaesthetics
Ophthalmology
Dentistry
Burns units
39
IPIECA is the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues. It develops,
shares and promotes good practices and knowledge to help the industry improve its environmental and
social performance, and is the industrys principal channel of communication with the United Nations.
Through its member-led working groups and executive leadership, IPIECA brings together the collective
expertise of oil and gas companies and associations. Its unique position within the industry enables its
members to respond effectively to key environmental and social issues.
5th Floor, 209215 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8NL, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 2388 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7633 2389
E-mail: info@ipieca.org Internet: www.ipieca.org
OGP represents the upstream oil and gas industry before international organizations including the
International Maritime Organization, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional
Seas Conventions and other groups under the UN umbrella. At the regional level, OGP is the industry
representative to the European Commission and Parliament and the OSPAR Commission for the North
East Atlantic. Equally important is OGPs role in promulgating best practices, particularly in the areas
of health, safety, the environment and social responsibility.
London office
5th Floor, 209215 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8NL, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 0272 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7633 2350
E-mail: reception@ogp.org.uk Internet: www.ogp.org.uk
Brussels office
Boulevard du Souverain 165, 4th Floor, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium
Telephone: +32 (0)2 566 9150 Facsimile: +32 (0)2 566 9159
E-mail: reception@ogp.org.uk Internet: www.ogp.org.uk