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Chemical Bonds
Everything in the world around us is made up of
atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter. Different
atoms stick together to form all kinds of things in
the world. A chemical bond is formed when two or
more atoms are attracted to each other and form
a chemical compound.
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Dative Bonds
Network Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
One type of chemical bond is an ionic bond. Ionic
bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction
of atoms that have opposite charges. An ion is an
atom that has gained or lost one or more of its
electrons in its outer shell, therefore giving the
atom either a positive or negative charge.
Ionic bonds are typically formed between one
metallic and one nonmetallic atom.
Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms with
electronegativities share their electrons, rather
Dative Bond
A dative bond, also called a coordinate covalent
bond, is created when one atom gives both
electrons needed to form a single covalent bond.
c. For example:
CH3NH2 = 5(1) + 4 + 5 = 14 ePOCl3 = 5 + 6 + 3(7) = 32 eNO3- = 5 + 3(6) + 1 = 24 e2. Choose the central atom(s).
a. Almost always the least electronegative atom is
the central atom.
b. For example, in ClO2, the Cl is the central atom;
in SF5 the S is the central atom.
c. Occasionally, you will need to choose the unique
atom, even when it is the most
electronegative: e.g., the O in Cl2O.
d. A wrong choice usually will be signaled by your
being unable to write a valid structure.
Arrange the other atoms around the central atom, in
accord with the normal valences of the atoms. That is,
do not place more atoms around a central one than it
normally can bond to.
e. For first and second row elements, the maximum
valence = the Group number through Group IV;
after that, it is 8 - (the Group number).
ii.