Intestinal Immunology And The Role Of

Enteric Viruses In Intestinal Health

M.D. Koci
Associate Professor of Mucosal Immunology and Virology
Prestage Department of Poultry Science
NC State University

Major And Emerging Enteric

Viruses of Poultry
Adenovirus
Astrovirus
Parvovirus

Coronavirus

Picornavirus

Rotavirus

Reovirus

Torovirus

Entro-Like/
Unknown

Physiologic Mechanisms of
Diarrhea
Osmo.c

Malabsorp.on

Excessive osmo.c force

due to luminal solutes,
abates on fas.ng.

Improper absorp.on of
nutrients, bulky, abates
on fas.ng.

Secretory
Net intes.nal uid
secre.on, persists
during fas.ng.

Deranged Mo.lity
Improper gut
neuromuscular
func.on.

Exuda.ve
Mucosal destruc.on,
bloody, persists on
fas.ng.

Secretory:

Osmotic/Malabsorption:

Deranged Motility:

Exudative:

TAstV-2

Control

How Do You Tell The Difference?

Why Does It Matter?

Nighot et al, Virol 2010

Astrovirus Induced Na+ Malabsorption

Reduced movement of Na+ from
mucosa to serosa
Apical expression of NHE3
Actin changes affect cell transport
function?
Reduced expression of maltase
Osmotic/malabsorption diarrhea

Mucosal
Na+

Na+

Transporter

virus

Na+

Serosal

Na+

Different Critical Roles Of The

Intestine
Digestion/Nutrient uptake
Exclude pathogens
Ignore commensals

Both promote growth/performance

Can work against each other

Metabolic Pathways

Cellular Signaling

Selection For Growth Affects

Immunity
Selection for increased growth rate
Increased feed intake
Not gut efficiency

Reduced immune responses

Compared to unselected birds

Selection for increased antibody response

Reduced growth rates/egg production

Performance

Resistance

Immune Function vs Nutrition

Klasing, K. C.. 2007. Nutri.on and the immune system. Brit Poult Sci 48: 525-537.

Immune Response Affect Growth

Is this sign of nutrition/immune function conflict?

Is this adaptive?

Do All Immune Responses Cost

the Same?
2 Effector Arms
Innate & Adaptive

Innate First
Hardwired
Reflexive
Doesnt learn

Then Adaptive
Highly specialized
Recombination
Memory
Adap.ve

Innate

Immune Response
Innate
Cheap to develop
Expensive to run
Costs the same each time
Adaptive
Expensive to develop
Cheap to run
Compared to innate

Costs less upon re-challenge

Innate

Adap.ve

Best Defense Is A Strong Defense

Food

Na+
K+

K+

Na+

Immunity In The Gut

hTps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnZEge78_78