Imperfections influence in the structural

resistance of submarines
Fabola Tomasin
Thiago Pontin Tancredi

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica PNV2512 05/12/2013

PRESENTATION TOPICS
Introduction and objectives
Shell buckling
Analytical model;
Element finite model;

Shell with imperfections

Imperfections: shell not concentric;
Imperfections: oval conformation;

Conclusions
Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

INTRODUCTION
The objective of this work is to determine the influence
of the design parameters and defects (imperfections) in
the collapse pressure of structure of submarine.

Numerical evaluation of the buckling pressure of a

submarine with imperfections in the structure.
Submarine Design and development

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

CYLINDRICAL SHELL
External pressure

Analytical model

Buckling pressure is
proportional to square of
length

Allen, H.G; Bulson, P.S. (1980)

CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH STIFFENERS

External pressure with rigid
stiffeners

Analytical model

Buckling pressure is proportional

to square of distance between
rings
The buckling is localized between
the rings with no deformation of
them
Allen, H.G; Bulson, P.S. (1980)

CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH STIFFENERS

External pressure with

flexible stiffeners

Analytical model

Global buckling of the structure

with deformation and rotation of
the rings
Allen, H.G; Bulson, P.S. (1980)

RESULT COMPARISON: Buckling first mode

Cylindrical shell with axial pressure.

t = 0,021m;
l = 87,6m;
d = 5,4m;
E = 210 GPa;
=0,3
Buckling pressure
Ansys

Analytical

7,8 * 108 Pa

9,9 * 108 Pa

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

Benchmark case

RESULT COMPARISON: Buckling third mode

Cylindrical shell with external pressure.

t = 0,021m;
l = 87,6m;
d = 5,4m;
E = 210 GPa;
=0,3
Buckling pressure
Ansys

Analytical

2,9 * 104 Pa

3,0 * 104 Pa

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

Benchmark case

CASE OF STUDY: Sreelatha P. R. (2013)

Benchmark case

Stiffeners height
Stiffeners section area
Web thickness
Flange thickness
Material
Coefficient of Poisson
Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

336 mm
12558 mm2
18 mm
28 mm
Steel
0,3

RESULT COMPARISON: Global buckling

Benchmark case

Simulation results

Original results

(SREELATHA P.R , 2013)

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

RESULT COMPARISON: Between stiffeners

Benchmark case

Simulation results

Original results

(SREELATHA P.R , 2013)

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Benchmark case

The simulation results were close to the

analytical results

The simulation results were close to the

benchmark case published in the literature

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

What are the motives for the differences

between the theoretical buckling pressure
and the practical buckling pressure?

Initial deformation before the buckling;

Variation in constraints;
Imperfections in initial geometry;
Imperfections in material;
Imperfections resulted of the fabrication process.

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

IMPERFECTIONS: The two types analyzed

Imperfections

Shell not concentric

Oval conformation

IMPERFECTION: SHELL NOT CONCENTRIC

Imperfections

IMPERFECTION: SHELL NOT CONCENTRIC

Imperfections

Distance between centers /

Buckling pressure (Mpa)

Distance between centers (mm)

27,9

0%

22,50

1,36

4%

19%

20,49

2,72

8%

26%

18,57

4,08

12%

33%

14,99

6,8

20%

46%

original thickness

Reduction %

IMPERFECTION: SHELL NOT CONCENTRIC

Imperfections

Buckling Pressure
Buckling Pressure (Mpa)

30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Distance between centers / original thickness

Distance between centers /

Buckling pressure (Mpa)

Distance between centers (mm)

27,9

0%

22,50

1,36

4%

19%

20,49

2,72

8%

26%

18,57

4,08

12%

33%

14,99

6,8

20%

46%

original thickness

Reduction %

IMPERFECTION: OVAL CONFORMATION

Imperfections

RESULTS: Oval conformation

Imperfections
Buckling pressure
7,5

Buckling pressure

a (m)

%R

b (m)

a/b

0,0%

4,00

1,00

7,09

0%

4,04

1,0%

3,96

1,02

6,94

2%

4,08

2,0%

3,92

1,04

6,76

5%

4,12

3,0%

3,88

1,06

6,56

7%

4,16

4,0%

3,84

1,08

6,34

11%

4,32

8,0%

3,68

1,17

5,42

24%

(105 Pa)

Reduction %

Buckling pressure (105 Pa)

6,5

5,5

5
0,95

1,05

1,1
a/b

1,15

1,2

Shell with stiffeners and oval deformation

Stiffener buckling

Buckling between stiffeners

Global buckling

Shell With Stiffeners And Oval Deformation

a (m)

b (m)

a/b

Buckling Pressure (107Pa)

Reduction %

4,00

0,0%

1,00

2,634

0%

4,02

0,5%

3,98

1,02

2,558

3%

4,12

3,0%

3,88

1,04

2,308

12%

4,32

8,0%

3,68

1,06

1,718

35%

Buckling Pressure (10 Mpa)

Shell with stiffeners and oval

deformation
3
2,5
2
1,5
1

0,5
0
0,95

1,00

1,05

1,10
a/b

1,15

1,20

CONCLUSIONS
There is a great sensitivity in buckling in function of the initial
imperfections.
With small reductions in thickness, the buckling pressure can
decrease significantly.

In the oval conformation, the thickness was kept constant so

the influence of the a / b ratio was not so expressive.
In fact, with the oval conformation, the thickness is variable
and the influence is even bigger.
Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica

Thank you!
Questions?

References

[1] A. GODOY, Thin Walled Structures with Structural Imperfections: Analysis and Behavior,
L. Pergamon. Press, Oxford, U.K., 1996.
[2] BUCHER, Roy; RYDILL, Louis. Concepts in submarine design. Cambridge.New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1994. Tese (de livre docncia) em Engenharia Naval e
Ocenica. Escola Politcnica da Universidade de So Paulo. So Paulo.
[3] BUELTA, Miguel A. M.. Projeto do casco resistente de submersveis. 1. ed.. So Paulo,
1987.
[4] GABLER, Ulrich. Projeto de submarinos. 1 ed.. Rio de Janeiro: Arsenal de Marinha,
1991.
[5] ALLEN, H.G; BULSON, P.S. Background to Buckling. London New York : McGraw-Hill
Book Co. ,1980.
[6] LEWIS, Edward V. Principles of Naval Architecture. 3. ed.. Jersey City: The Society of
Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 1988.
[7] O Primeiro Humaita. Site utilizado:
<http://www.submarinosdobr.com.br/PrimeiroHUMAITA.html> Visitado em 20/04/2013.
[8] SIMITSES, G. J., "Buckling and Post buckling of Imperfect Cylindrical Shells: a Review,"
Applied Mechanics Reviews, 39, 1517-1524 (1986).
[9] SREELATHA P.R et al. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
(IJEST), 2010.

Departamento de Eng. Naval e Ocenica