International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN OF MIGRANTS

FAMILIES IN NIZAMABAD DISTRICT OF TELANGANA STATE:
AN ANALYSIS
KONDAL KAPPA
Junior Research Fellow
Dept. of Economics, Osmania University
Hyderabad-500 007.
e-Mail: kondal1988@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The present study is to examine the socio-economic status of migrants and to
study the Educational Status of Migrant Childrens families of Bichukunda and
Madnoor mandals in Nizamabad District of Telangana State. The study reveals
that 80 percent of children are studying, most of children studying in
Government institutions. The most of the migrated peoples socio economic
condition is medium after the migration. 42 percent of respondents are
uncomfortable at the migrant place because of high cost of house rent, sanitation
facilities, etc. the main cause for migrant are agriculture failure, unemployment,
better wages and lack of resources in their area. There is a need to decline
migration by providing basic needs, enhance the skills, better wages, provide
loans to the educated people and encourage self employment through
Government schemes.

INTRODUCTION
In the 21st Century progress, our nation depends upon the current generation of childrens
(Sandy Baum and Stella m. Flores). Migration has continued under the form of both
voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond and involuntary migration.
Children depend upon their family origin and overall trends in Asia, Mexico and other
countries in the world. According to the International Organization for Migration's World
Migration Report 2010, the number of international migrants was estimated at 220
million in 2013. If this number continues to grow at the same pace as during the last 20
years, it could reach 405 million by 2050. In the Telangana State, people migrating from
rural to urban areas. They are mainly SC, ST, BC and minority and economically
backward.
NIZAMABAD DISTRICT PROFILE
According to 2011 Census, Nizamabad had population of 2,551,335 of which male and
female were 49.01 percent and 50.98 percent respectively. 76.94 percent population of
Nizamabad districts lives in rural areas of villages remaining in urban area. 48.84 percent
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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

of male and 51.15 percent of female population living in the rural area of Nizamabad
District. Nizamabad district sex ratio is highest (1047:1000) in Telangana State. Literacy
rate in rural areas of Nizamabad district is 56.50 percent as per census data 2011. Gender
wise, male and female literacy stood at 67.57 and 46.06 percent respectively. Bichkunda
is a mandal headquarters located in the district of Nizamabad of Telangana State. This
town is known for its diversified culture because of its location neighbouring the borders
of two states Maharashtra and karnataka. Bichkunda means it is four side hills middle
village that its called Bich(middle)konda (hills). Madnur is the Administrative
Headquarters for Madnur mandal of Nizamabad district in Telangana State. The village is
situated at 3 km from Maharastra border and 18 km from Karnataka boarder.
Prasad and Sardana (1989) reported that in all the urban areas of the three states, female
migrants work participation rates are generally higher among Christians and Scheduled
Castes/Tribe whether married or unmarried and availability of high productivity jobs in
the rural areas could reduce immigration to the urban areas. It is widely accepted that
people move in search of employment and also from low wage to higher wage region a
rational choice to be able to earn more and improve their standard of living.
The Nizamabad District was selected purposively, the most of the rural people goes to
other district (within the district or intra migrant), other states (within in the country or
inter migrant) and other countries for getting employment, their livelihood and business
purpose. It is one of the developing District of Telangana State.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To study the Socio-Economic status of migrants of Bichukunda and Madnoor
mandals in Nizamabad District of Telangana State.
2. To study the Educational Status of Migrant Childrens families Bichukunda and
Madnoor mandals in Nizamabad District of Telangana State.
METHODOLOGY
To fulfill the above objectives of the study the methodology followed.
Sample Size: For the purpose of the study, 80 samples selected by simple random
sampling method. Bichkunda and Kanderpally villages from Bichukunda Mandal,
Sulthanpet and Thadgir-Big villages of Madnoor Mandal. 20 respondents were selected
from each village.
Source of Data: The Present study is based on primary data were collected directly from
the respondents by administering a pre-designed questionnaire/schedule. Simple
percentages, graphs, frequency distribution and other statistical tools adopted.

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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

Scope of the Study: The present study confines itself to the studied migrant families
children educational status. It does not covered internal migration in Nizamabad District.
The primary data was collected in the year of July and August 2014.
Results and Analysis:
Table 1: Gender wise of Migrate Respondents
Gender
No. of Respondents Percentage
56
70
Male (Head of the Family)
Female (Head of the Family)
Total
Source: Primary data

24
80

30
100

Table1, Shows that the Gender wise of migrate respondents. The majority of respondents
70% were male migrates where as 30% were female (Widows) migrates. However,
mostly male worker migrates but here Female (head of the family Widows) also migrate
due to lack of land in their own villages.
Table 2: Age Group of Migrate Respondents
Age Group
Less than 25
26 to 35
36 to 45
46 above
Total

No. of Respondents
5
36
28
11
80
Source: Primary data

Percentage
6.3
45
35
13.8
100

Table 2, Shows that the age group of migrates, it is clear that out of 80 individuals, 6.3%
belong to the age group of less than 25 years. The highest and lowest number of migrates
were found between the age group 26 to 35 and lowest less than 25 years, respectively.
Above age 45 years they would not be migrate. Because, they were unable to work 12
hours at migrate place.
Table 3: Socio-Economic Status of Migrate Respondents
Socio-Economic Status
No. of Respondents
Percentage
SC
33
41.3
ST
12
15
BC
17
21.3
EBC
11
13.8
OC
7
8.8
Total
80
100
Source: Primary data
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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

Table 3, Shows that the Socio-Economic status of migrate respondents. The majority of
migrates were Schedule Caste 41% and followed by Backward Class (21.3 percent) and
Schedule Tribes (15 percent) respectively. The lowest migrates were OC (8.8 percent).
Table 4: Educational Status of Migrate Respondents
Educational Status No. of Respondents
Illiterate
8
School
22
Inter
17
Degree
24
PG
9
Total
80
Source: Primary data

Percentage
10
27.5
21.3
30
11.3
100

Table 4, Shows that the Educational status of Migrate respondents. The majority of
migrate were studied Degree level (30 percent) followed by School level (27.5 percent)
and lowest 10 percent was illiterate. Those who studied Post Graduate, they were
migrating, for getting employment to various places like Hyderabad, Mumbai, Karnataka
and Gulf Countries from their place, because of lack resources and unemployment in
their own villages/towns.
Table 5: Size of the Land holding of Migrates Respondents
Size of the Landholding
No. of Respondents
Less than 1 acre
19
1 acre to 2 acre
35
2 acre to 3 acre
21
3 acre Above
5
Total
80
Source: Primary data

Percentage
23.8
43.8
26.3
6.3
100

Table 5, Shows that the Size of the Migrate Respondents. The majority of migrates 43.8
percent had only 1 acre to 2 acre land and followed by 26.3 percent had 2 to 3 acre. Even
though migrates had above 3 acre of land, they were also migrated due to agricultural
failure and lack of marketing facilities in the rural areas.

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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

Table 6: Migrate places of Respondents

Migrant Place
No. of Respondents
Percentage
Hyderabad
34
42.5
Mumbai (Maharashtra)
22
27.5
Karnataka
10
12.5
Gulf Countries
13
16.3
Other place
1
1.3
Source: Primary data
Table 6, Shows that the Migrate Places of respondents, the majority of migrates (42.5
percent) went to Hyderabad and 27.5 percent to Mumbai (Maharashtra). These two
Mandals are very closely to Maharashtra and Karnataka States. 16.3 percent of
Respondents had gone to Gulf Countries due to unemployment in their village and 1.3
percent of respondents went to other places like other states in India.
Table 7: Work Status at Migrate place of Respondents
Work Status
Hotel Work
Housekeeper
Construction
Industry
Business
Other Work
Total

No. of Respondents
13
14
17
11
12
13
80
Source: Primary data

Percentage
16.3
17.5
21.3
13.8
15
16.3
100

Table 7, Shows that the Work Status at Migrate place of respondents, the majority of
migrates (21.3 percent) went for construction work to various places in country and Gulf
Countries. 17.5 percent, 16.3 percent, 13.8 percent, 15 percent and 16.3 percent
respondents went for the purpose of housekeeper, hotel work, industry works, business
and barbar work, auto-richshawala and other works to various places respectively.
Table 8: Annual Income of Migrate Respondents
Income
0 to 10000
10000 to 20000
20000 to 30000
Above 30000
Total

No. of Respondents
13
32
21
14
80
Source: Primary data

Percentage
16.3
40
26.3
17.5
100
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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

Table 8, Shows that annual income of migrate respondents, the majority of migrates 40
percent respondents income was between Rs.10000 to Rs.20000 per annum and lowest
(16.3 percent) annual income was less than Rs.10000. 17.5 percent of respondents got
more than Rs.30000 per annum because of they are still working in Gulf Countries and in
Business Sectors.
Table 9: Size of Children of Migrates Family
Size of Children
No. of Respondents
Percentage
1 children
23
28.8
2 children
42
52.5
Above 2 children
15
18.8
Total
80
100
Source: Primary data
Table 9, Shows that the Size of children of migrates family, the majority of 52.5 percent
of respondents have 2 children, 28.8 percent of respondents have single children. And
18.8% of respondents have above 3 children in their family.
Table 10: Educational Status of children of migrated
families
Education
Studying
Not Studying
Total

No. of Respondents
64
16
80
Source: Primary data

Percentage
80
20
100

Table 10, Shows that the Educational status of children of migrated families, the majority
of (80 percent) children are studying in various places. 20 percent of children are not
studying due to low of income their family and agricultural failure, unemployment and
other reasons.
Table 11: Educational Status of Children of migrates families
Educational status
Primary
Upper Primary
High School
Inter
Degree
PG
Total

No. of Respondents
Percentage
13
20.31
14
21.87
16
25
10
15.62
9
14.06
2
3.12
64
100
Source: Primary data
Table 11, Shows that the Educational status of children of migrates families, the majority
of 25 percent and 21.87 percent of children are studying high school and upper primary
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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

school level respectively. 20.31 percent of children are studying primary level, 15.62
percent of children are studying intermediate level, 14.06 percent of children studying
degree level, and 3.12 percent of children are studying higher education like Post
Graduate Course.
Table 12: Childrens Educational Studying in Institutions
Institutions
Government
Private
Total

No. of Respondents
38
26
64
Source: Primary data

Percentage
59.37
40.62
100

Table 12, Shows that the Children Education in institution, the majority of the 59.37
percent of children are studying in the Government School/College/Institutes. 40.62
percent of children are studying in Private School/College/Institution.
Table 13: Living Conditions of Children
Place
No. of Respondents
Percentage
Govt. Hostel
18
28.12
Private Hostel
14
21.87
From Home
32
50
Total
64
100
Source: Primary data
Table 13, Shows that the living conditions of Children, the majority of the 50% of
children were going to School/College/Institution from Home (Migrate place). 28.12% of
the children were living in Government hostel. 21.87% of the children were living in
Private Hostel.
Table 14: Cause of migration
Causes of migration
Unemployment
Agricultural Failure
Better Wages
Lack of Resources

No. of Respondents
28
28
16
8

Percentage
35
35
20
10

Total

80
100
Source: Primary data
Table 14, Shows that the Cause of migration, the majority of the35% of respondents
migrated due to agriculture failure and Unemployment reason. 20% of the respondents
migrated for getting better wages compared with the local wages. They mostly went to
Gulf Countries to get more wages. 10% of respondents went for Business field, due to
Non-availability of resources in their villages to get employment.
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International Journal of Contemporary Issues (IJCI)

Vol.2(2) Jul-Sep, 2014

ISSN: 23218576

Table 15: Migrants Status of after migration

Level of Condition
No. of Respondents
Percentage
Constant
19
23.8
Medium
38
47.5
Improve
23
28.8
Total
80
100
Source: Primary data
Table 15, Shows that the Migrants Status after migration, the majority of the 47.5% of
migrants status is medium after migration, 28.8% of migrants status improved by getting
employment. 23.8% of migrants status is constant, because they did not get employment
properly, and lack of skill.
Table 16: Migrates felt at migrant place
Level of Satisfaction
No. of Respondents
Percentage
Comfortable
46
57.5
Uncomfortable
34
42.5
Total

80
Source: Primary data

100

Table 16, Shows that the migrates felt at migrate place, the majority of the 57.5% of
respondents felt that they were comfortable to live at migrate place. 42.5% of
respondents felt that they were uncomfortable due to high rent for house, sanitation
facilities, and other facilities.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS:
The study reveals that most of the respondents are Scheduled Caste followed by
Backward Caste, 30 percent of the migrants studied up to degree level. 80 percent of
children are studying, most of children studying in Government institutions. The most of
the migrated peoples socio economic condition is medium after the migration. 42
percent of respondents are uncomfortable at the migrant place because of high cost of
house rent, sanitation facilities, etc. the main cause for migrant are agriculture failure,
unemployment, better wages and lack of resources in their area. There is a need to
decline migration by providing basic needs, enhance the skills, better wages, provide
loans to the educated people and motivate self employment through Government
schemes.
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1. Aiyar, Y. a. (2006, January 28). Improving the Effectiveness of Rural
Employment Guarnatee Act. Econmic and political Weekly .
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Commission of India.
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ISSN: 23218576

3. Haberfeld Y Menarika, R. S. (2011). Seasonal Migration of Rural Labour in

India. Population Research Policy Review , 18 (5), 473-489.
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