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Annotated Bibliography on Justification of ComputerIntegrated Manufacturing Systems

John R. Canada

North Carolina State University

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To cite this article: John R. Canada (1986): Annotated Bibliography on Justification of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Systems, The Engineering Economist: A Journal Devoted to the Problems of Capital Investment, 31:2, 137-150
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The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

Volume 3 1
Number 2
W i n t e r , 1986

Annotated Bibliography onJu~tificationof

Computer - Integrated Manufacturing Sy~tems
John R.

Canada

North C a r o l i n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
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*BSTR*CT

m i a is an e x r e n a i v e , bur nor e d x a u s t i v e . b i b l i o s r a p h y f o r persona i n t e r e s t e d i n the j u e r i f i c a c i o n

(economic e n d l o r noweconomic) o f the various aspecre no-117
a s s o c i a t e d w i t h computer-integrated
lloar ~ l r b
c i t e d i n c l u d e a b r i e f ~ n o r a r e dcomment regarding eubjecr i n m u f a c r u r i n g (Cm)ayar-.
Por the 100 plus c i r a t i o n a . f i f t y - c v o are c a t e g o r i z e d all
c l w i o n s end perhaps perceived srrengchs.
belng g e n e r a l l y aubjecrive o v e n i e r r r l g u l d e l i n e s . and c h i r c y - f i v . are caregorired as including quancirer i v e rechniqueplanalysio merhodologiea for justification of C n l systems or components of such systems.

C I M s y s t e m s a r e l o o s e l y r e f e r r e d t o a s any computer-oriented

equipment o r

s y s t e m which a i d s i n , o r a c h i e v e s , t h e a u t o m a t i o n o f a m a n u f a c t u r i n g e n t e r p r i s e ,
and which is planned t o i n c r e a s e , i f n o t e v e n t u a l l y complete, i n t e g r a t i o n of t h e
enterprise.

It t y p i c a l l y involves product/process design, manufacturing c o n t r o l s ,

and/or d e c i s i o n support systems.

Over t h e p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s t h e r e have been i n c r e a s i n g l y f r e q u e n t f o r c e f u l
s t a t e m e n t s by i n d u s t r y l e a d e r s and a u t h o r s r e g a r d i n g t h e i n a d e q u a c i e s of t r a d i t i o n a l
d i s c o u n t e d c a s h f l o w a s w e l l a s accounting-based m e t h o d o l o g i e s f o r e v a l u a t i n g and
j u s t i f y i n g C I M systems.

The r o o t s of t h e p e r c e i v e d weaknesses a r e t h a t t h o s e

t r a d i t i o n a l m e t h o d o l o g i e s ( 1 ) f a i l t o a d e q u a t e l y q u a n t i f y and i n c o r p o r a t e t h e broad
a l m o s t - p e r v a s i v e b e n e f i t s of C I M s y s t e m s ; and (2) o f t e n b l i n d f i r m t o t h e e f f e c t s
of s t a t u s quo complacency.
P a r t s 1 and 2, on "Books" and "Symposia"

r e s p e c t i v e l y , a r e m o s t l y on CIMS i n

g e n e r a l r a t h e r t h a n j u s t i f i c a t i o n of CIMS i n p a r t i c u l a r .
by t h i s a u t h o r / c o m p i l e r ,

l l o s t were not reviewed

(and hence no a n n o t a t i o n was g i v e n ) by t h e y a r e i n c l u d e d

h e r e i n b e c a u s e many a r e t h o u g h t l i k e l y t o have some m a t e r i a l s on j u s t i f i c a t i o n .

F u r t h e r , i t i s t h o u g h t t h a t t h e r e a d e r may w e l l b e i n t e r e s t e d i n o t h e r a s p e c t s of
CIHS covered i n t h e books and symposia.
S u b s t a n t i a l m a t e r i a l used w i t h p e r m i s s i o n from Should We Automate Now? E v a l u a t i o n
of Computer-Integrated M a n u f a c t u r i n g Systems: An A p p l i c a t i o n s Manual w i t h Handy
by J . R. Canada and R. L . Edwards,
t985, I n d u s t r i a l Extension S e r v i c e ,
S c h o o l of E n g i n e e r i n g , North C a r o l i n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , R a l e i g h , NC 27695.

m,

138

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

P a r t 3 c o n t a i n s some 52 a r t i c l e s which a r e . g e n e r a l l y s u b j e c t i v e o v e r v i e w s / g u i d e l i n e s on j u s t i f i c a t i o n of p a r t o r a l l o f CIM Systems.

a r e outstanding.

Most a r e v e r y good and some

A g e n e r a l gauge on reviewed q u a l i t y / a p p l i c a b i l i t y c a n b e o b t a i n e d

from t h e a n n o t a t i o n s .

Of p a r t i c u l a r n o t e a r e many o f t h e a r t i c l e s i n Hmard

Business Review.
P a r t 4 c o n t a i n s some 35 a r t i c l e s which i n c l u d e q u a n t i t a t i v e t e c h n i q u e s / a n a l y s i s
m e t h o d o l o g i e s f o r j u s t i f i c a t i o n o f ( u s u a l l y p a r t s o f ) C I H Systems.

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n o t e a r e t h e works by Custavson and Boothroyd.

Of p a r t i c u l a r

P r o b a b l y t h e most c o m p r e h e n s i v e , y e t

o v e r s i m p l i f i e d , economic a n a l y s i s a p p r o a c h e s a r e by Meyer [Ref. 1 0 5 1 , and by

G e n e r a l Dynamics G o r p o r a t i o n [Ref. 951.
P e r h a p s no b i b l i o g r a p h y is c o m p l e t e w i t h o u t c i t i n g o t h e r b i b l i o g r a p h i e s which
i n c l u d e r e f e r e n c e s a t l e a s t on t h e p e r i p h e r y o f t h e s u b j e c t .
e x t e n s i v e 1983 I B M work*,
Generic
Subject

I n addition t o a very

the following a r e others:

Author

Reference
No. (Below)

Date

Number o f
Works G i t e d

Replacement D e c i s i o n s i n
High Technology
Industries

Sullivan

(111)

1984

26

Economics of Robots

Fleischer

(52)

1982

36

Productivity
Measurement/
Weighted E v a l u a t i o n

Sink

(110)

1984

21

Economics of Robots

C e n ' l Dyn.
Corp. ( f o r
A i r Force)

(95)

1980

83

Assembly Automation
Economics

Boo t h r o y d

(40)

1984

17

Software Costs f o r
Manufacturing Control
Systems

Hutchinson
6 Clementson

(63)

198b

33

I hope t h i s w i l l b e o f g r e a t v a l u e t o r e a d e r s d e s i r i n g t o u s e a p p r o p r i a t e known
t e c h n i q u e s a s w e l l a s t h o s e d e v e l o p i n g m e t h o d o l o g i e s which b e t t e r meet t h e
c r i t i c i s m s o f i n a d e q u a c i e s and c h a l l e n g e s f o r t h e f u t u r e .

Host o f t h e r e f e r e n c e s i n P a r t s 1 and 2 w e r e o b t a i n e d from "CAD/CAM: A ~ i b l i o g r a p h y "

by Mr. A. H. A g a j a n i a n o f t h e IBEI C o r p o r a t i o n G e n e r a l Technology D i v i s i o n . ( T e c h n i c a l
Report 2 2 . 2 5 0 l d a t e d May 11, 1983). The r e p o r t i s o u t s t a n d i n g l y comprehensive w i t h
549 r e f e r e n c e s i n some 30 s u b j e c t c a t e g o r i e s .

Volume 3 1

Number 2

139

1.

BOOKS

CIMS-Related,

i n General

Boehm, B a r r y W., SofkJare Engineering Economics, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , 1981. 767 pp.

F i r s t e x t e n s i v e book on t h i s s u b j e c t . Good f o r t e x t and b a s i s f o r e s t i m a t i n g
software costs.
Examples m o s t l y o r i e n t e d toward g e n e r a l d e c i s i o n s u p p o r t
s y s t e m s r a t h e r t h a n CIM.

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Boothroyd, G . ,

Automatic AssembZy, M. Dekker, New York, NY, 1982, TJ1317.B66.

Boothroyd, G. and P. Dewhurst, Design for AssembZy Handbook, Automatic Assembly

Program, M.E. Dept., U n i v e r s t t y of M a s s a c h u s e t t s , Amhbrst, MA.
Not r e v i e w e d , b u t c o n t a i n s much o f t h e m a t e r i a l i n o t h e r a r t i c l e s by
P r o f . Boothroyd.
Provides a d a t a base f o r rapid estimation, gives a
n u m e r i c a l r a t i n g f o r assembly e f f i c i e n c y , h e l p s r e d u c e m a n u f a c t u r i n g
costs, etc.
Chasen, S. H. and J. W. Dow, The Guide for the EvaZuation and ImpZementation o f
CAD/CAM Systems, CAD/CAM D e c i s i o n s Co., A t l a n t a , GA, 1980.
D o r n f i e l d , D. A., (Ed.). Automation i n Manufacturing, Systems, Processes, and
Computer Aids, (PED S e r i e s Vol. 4 ) , ASME, New York, NY, 1981.
F o u n d y l l e r , C. M., h k e y CAD/CAM Computer Graphics: A Survey and Buyer's
Guide, D a r a t e c h A s s o c i a t e s , Cambridge. MA, 1980, 3 Vols.
Groover, M. P., Automation, Production Systems and Computer-Aided Manufacturing,
P r e n t i c e - H a l l , Englewood C l i f f s , N J , 1980.
Groover, M.

P. and E. W.

Z i m m e r s , CAD/CAM: Computer-Aided Design and

Englewood C l i E f s , N J , 1984.

Manufacturing, P r e n t i c e - H a l l ,

Gunn, Jr., T. G . , Computer AppZications i n Manufacturing, I n d u s t r i a l P r e s s .

New York, NY, 1981, TS155.G924.
Hatvany, J., M. E. Merchant. K. R a t h m i l l , and H. Yoshikawa, World Survey o f
CAM, B u t t e r w o r t h & Co., L t d . , Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent, Enp,land, 1983.
Hayes, R i c h a r d H. and S. C. Wheelwright, Restoring Our Competitive Edge:
Competing Through Manufacturing, J. Wiley, 1984.
E x c e l l e n t d e f i n i t i v e work b a s e d o n y e a r s o f r e s e a r c h and w r i t i n g .
Hunt, W. D a n i e l , Industria2 Robotics Handbook, I n d u s t r i a l P r e s s , New York, 1983.
Example u s e s f o r m a t
C h a p t e r 9. pp. 150-158 is on "Economics o f Robotics".
and c a t e g o r i e s d e v e l o p e d by G e n e r a l Dynamics C o r p o r a t i o n f o r A i r F o r c e
ICAM p r o j e c t (See ( 9 5 ) ) .
H u n t e r , R. P.,
Prentice-Hall,
Hyer, N.

L.,

Automated Process Control Systems:

Englewood C l i f f s , N J ,
(Ed.),

Concepts and Hardware,

1978, TS156.8.H86.

Group TechnoZogy a t Work, SME, Dearborn, M I , 1984, 254 PP.

140

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist
I n f o t e c h L i m i t e d , Factory Automation, S t a t e o f the A r t Report. I . AnaZysis,
I n f o t e c h L i m i t e d , Maidenhead, England, 1980.
K a f r i s s e n and H. S t e p h a n s , IndustriaZ Robots and Robotics, R e s t o n P u b l . Co.,
1984.
C h a p t e r 11, pp. 303-15, c o n t a i n s good s t a t e m e n t s re j u s t i f i c a t i o n o f
robots.

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Konen, Yoram, Computer Control o f tkznufacturing Systems, PlcCraw-Hill,

287 pp.

1983,

Krouse, J. K., What Every Engineer Shou7.d Know About Computer-Aided Design
and Computer-Aided Manufacturing: The CAD/CAM RevoZution, M a r c e l Dekker, I n c . ,
New York, NY, 1982, TA174.K76.
Pressman. R. S. and J. E. W i l l i a m s , NumericaZ ControZ m d Computer-Aided
Manufacturing, Wiley, New York, NY, 1977, TJ1189.P728.
SME, CAD/CAM, Dearborn, M I , 1983, 587 pp.
Tanner, W., (Ed.), IndustriaZ Robots, FwulmnentaZs, SME, Dearborn, M I , 2nd
Ed., 1981, 445 pp.
Tanner, W., (Ed.), Industrial Robots, Applications, SHE, Dearborn, M I .
Ed., 1981, 484 pp.

2nd

Taraman, K h a l i l , CAD/CAM Integration and Innovation, SME, Dearborn, M I , 1984,

428 pp.
Wang, P . , (Ed.), Automation Technology for Management m d Productivity Advmcements Through CAD/CAM and Engineering Data Handling, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , Englewood
C l i f f s , N J , 1983.
2.

SYMPOSIA

CIMS-Related,

i n General

A u t o f a c t West P r o c e e d i n g s , Anaheim, CA, November 17-20,

M I , 1980, Two Volumes.

1980; SME, D e a r b o r n ,

Autofact 6 Froceedings, 1984, SME, Dearborn, PII, 1280 pp.

CAD/CAM as a Basis for Development o f TechnoZoe i n Developing Iiations,
Pmceedings o f t h e I F I P WG5.2 Working Conference, Encarnacao, J. L., T o r r e s ,
0. F. F. and Warman, E. A., ( E d s . ) , San P a u l o , B r a z i l , O c t o b e r 21-23,
North-Holland, New York, NY, 1982, CCA17-2820.

1981;

Conference on Computer Aided Mrmufacturing m d Productivity, COMPRO 81, London,

England, October 21-22,
England, 1981.

1981; I n s t i t u t e o f P r o d u c t i o n E n g i n e e r i n g , London,

Conference on Computer Graphics i n CAD/CAM Systems, I s t , Froceedings, Cambridge.

MA, A p r i l 9-11,

1979; MIT P r e s s , Cambridge, MA, 1979.

Volume 3 1

Number 2

Eleventh Conference on Production Research and TechnoZogy, Carnegie-tlellon,

1984, SME, Dearborn, M I , 432 pp.

I n t e m t i o n a Z Conference Cybernetics Society Proceedings, Cambridge, MA,

O c t o b e r 8-10,

1980, IEEE, New York, NY, 1980.

I n t e m t i o n a Z Conference on FZexibZe E4anufacturing Systems, I s t , Proceedings,

B r i g h t o n , England, October 20-22,
England, 1982, CCA18-4786.

1982; IFS ( C o n f e r e n c e s ) , Ltd.,

Kempston,

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Man-Machine C o m i c a t i o n i n CAD/CAM, Proceedings of the I F I P WG5.2-5.3

Working Conference, Tokyo, J a p a n , O c t o b e r 2-4, 1980; North-Holland, New York,
NY, 1981, CCA17-28129.

NSF Grantees' Conference on Production Research and TechnoZogy, 6th, S t a n f o r d ,

CA, J a n u a r y 27-29,

1981, B i n f o r d , T.,

(Ed.),

NTIS R e p o r t PB81-183964.

NumericaZ Control Society AnnuaZ E4eeting and TechnicaZ Conference, P i o n e e r i n g

...

Building f o r t h e Future.
i n Technology
Glenview, IL, 1980.

1 7 t h , 1980; Numerical C o n t r o l Soc.,

Robots 8 Conference Proceedings, 1984, SME, Dearborn, 111, 1800 pp.

S t r i v i n g f o r T e c h n o l o g i c a l E x c e l l e n c e i n M a n u f a c t u r i n g Through Communication.
P l a n n i n g , and P r o f e s s i o n a l i s m : Proceedings of InternationaZ TechnicaZ
Conference, NwnericaZ ControZ Society, 18th, 1981; Numerical C o n t r o l Soc.,
Glenview, I L , 1981.
3.

J u s t i f i c a t i o n o f CIMS:
Articles
Overview/Guidelines

Ayres, R o b e r t U.

Generally Subjective

and S. M i l l e r , " R o b o t i c s , CAM, and I n d u s t r i a l P r o d u c t i v i t y " ,

NationaZ Productivity Review, W i n t e r 1901-82, pp. 42-60.

Overview on t h e i m p a c t s o f " f l e x i b l e "
economics o f b a t c h p r o d u c t i o n .
Boothroyd, G . ,

##

Design f o r P r o d u c t i v i t y

computer-aided

t e c h n o l o g i e s on t h e

The Road t o Higher P r o d u c t i v i t y " ,

AssembZy hzgineering, Mar. 1982, 4 pp.

E a r l y o v e r v i e w a r t i c l e on assembly s a v i n g s p o s s i b l e t h r o u g h p r o d u c t
redesign.
Boothroyd, G . , "Use of Robots i n Assembly Automation", a p p a r e n t l y a Keynote
CeneraZ AssembZy, 1984, 20 pp.
P a p e r f o r (Annuals of ?I C.I.R.P.
Seems t o b e a c l a s s i c i n d e s c r i b i n g v a r i o u s t y p e s o f automated assembly
s y s t e m s w i t h numerous i l l u s t r a t i v e d i a g r a m s and g r a p h s on r e l a t i v e
economics. P r o f . Boothroyd i s i n t h e M.E. Dept. a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f
Massachusetts.
C o n t a i n s 17 r e f e r e n c e s .

142

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

Boothroyd, G.

and P. Dewhurst, "Computer-Aided Design f o r Assembly",

Assembly Engineering, F e b r u a r y 1983, 5 + pp.
D e s c r i b e s s o f t w a r e programs a v a i l a b l e f o r Apple I1 P l u s and I B M PC
microcomputers.
S i x s e p a r a t e programs seem t o b e w e l l d e v e l o p e d (Note:
t h e programs, used by 40+ f i r m s , a r e a v a i l a b l e from Boothroyd and
Dewhurst, 56 Sheerman Lane, Amherst, MA .01002.)

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Boothroyd, G. and P. Dewhurst, "Design f o r Assembly9', Machine Design, 1984.

22 + pp.
R e p r i n t s o f f o u r v e r y w e l l p r e s e n t e d a r t i c l e s on t h e f o l l o w i n g t o p i c s :
S e l e c t i n g t h e r i g h t method, manual assembly; a u t o m a t i c a s s e m b l y ; and
Robot assembly and s o f t w a r e s y s t e m s .
C u r t i n , Frank T.,

"New C o s t i n g Methods Needed f o r M a n u f a c t u r i n g Technology",

Management Review, A p r i l 1984, pp. 29-30.

Good, s h o r t overview. M r . C u r t i n i s G e n e r a l Manager o f G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c ' s
I n d u s t r i a l Automation Systems Department.
C u r t i n , Frank T.,

" P l a n n i n g and J u s t i f y i n g Automation Systems".

Production

Engineering, May 1984, 6 pp.

E x c e l l e n t l y - a r t i c u l a t e d philosophy r e s t r a t e g i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s .

Proceedings
Devaney, C. William, " B u i l d i n g t h e B r i d g e Between CADICAIIIMIS",
o f Fall 1984 Conference, I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r i a l E n g i n e e r s , A t l a n t a .
Good g e n e r a l r e c o g n i t i o n of problems o f CIMS i n t e g r a t i n g i n c l u d i n g
computer c o m p a t i b i l i t y , d a t a b a s e b o u n d a r i e s , and o r g a n i z a t i o n a l
relationships.
Drozda, Thomas J.,

(Ed.),

"Robotized M u l t i - C e l l s

B e s t f o r Mid-Value

Output",

Robotics Today, A p r i l 1983, pp. 53-56.

G i v e s good g e n e r a l example and p h i l o s o p h y .
DuPont-Gatelmand,

C a t h e r i n e , "A Survey o f F l e x i b l e M a n u f a c t u r i n g Systems",

Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1982, pp. 1-15.

R a t h e r d e f i n i t i v e r e v i e w and c a t e g o r i z a t i o n of f l e x i b l e m a n u f a c t u r i n g
s y s t e m s f o r machining and assembly used i n U.S. and 1 0 o t h e r m a j o r
industrialized countries.

Eiler, R. G . , W. T. Muir, and L. T. M i c h a e l s , "The R e l a t i o n s h i p Between

Technology and C o s t Management", Material Handling Engineering, J a n u a r y
1984; "Improving Cost-Benefit Analyses". F e b r u a r y 1984; "Cost B e n e f i t T r a c k i n g
P r o c e d u r e s " , March 1984.
s u g g e s t a s e r i e s oE s t e p s t h a t b e g i n s w i t h f a c t o r y modeling u s i n g t h e
A i r Force - developed i n t e g r a t e d computer-assisted manufacturing d e f i n i t i o n
(IDEF) modeling a p p r o a c h . IDEF i s p o w e r f u l f o r c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y d e s c r i b i n g
f u n c t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s a s w e l l a s t h e i r complex i n t e r a c t i o n s , w i t h i n
e n g i n e e r i n g and m a n u f a c t u r i n g e n v i r o n m e n t s .
Eshleman, R. L. and F. S. Pagano, "What Managers Need t o Know When Choosing
Robots", National P r o d u c t i v i t y Review, pp. 242-56, Summer '83.
G e n e r a l overview.

Volume 3 1

Number 2

143

the
Evans, David and P. C. Schwab, " I n t e g r a t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g - F i n a n c h g :
Backing t o Go Forward", Production Engineering, September 1984, pp. 122-24.
Recognizes t h a t t h e r e a r e i n n o v a t i v e f i n a n c i n g v e h i c l e s t o back modern
technology i n v e s t m e n t s .
Eversheim, W. and P. Hennman, "Recent Trends i n F l e x i b l e Automated Manufacturing".

Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1982, pp. 139-48.

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Good overview of d e g r e e s of mfg. f l e x i b i l i t y a p p r o p r i a t e a c c o r d i n g t o

volume and v a r i a b i l i t y .
C o n t a i n s good g r a p h i c a l a i d s f o r a n a l y s i s and
planning.
F l e i s c h e r , G. A., "A G e n e r a l i z e d Methodology f o r A s s e s s i n g t h e Economic
Consequences o f A c q u i r i n g Robots f o r R e p e t i t i v e O p e r a t i o n s " , Proceedings o f
May 1982 Annual Conference, I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r i a l E n g i n e e r s , N o r c r o s s , GA,
pp. 130-39.
Good g e n e r a l overview.
C o n t a i n s 38 r e f e r e n c e s and c a t e g o r i z a t i o n of
which a d v o c a t e which method o f a n a l y s i s . Also c o n t a i n s a n e x t e n s i v e
breakdown of t y p e s of c o s t s t o be c o n s i d e r e d .
and J. L. K i r s c h , "People Make Robots work", Harvard
1984, p. 94-102.
Quote: "Most companies d e m o n s t r a t e concern f o r w o r k e r s by a s s i g n i n g t h e
d u l l , d i r t y o r dangerous, o r t h e
f i r s t r o b o t s used t o t h e 3 D ' s
3 H'S
h o t , heavy and h a z a r d o u s jobs".

Foulkes. Fred. K.,

Business Review, Jan-Feb,

Gerwin, Donald, "Do's and D o n ' t ' s of Computerized ~ a n u f a c t u r i n g " . Harvard Business
1982. pp. 107-116.
One of t h e c l a s s i c a r t i c l e s emphasizing i m p o r t a n c e o f p l a n n i n g t o t a k e
Mr. Gerwin i s P r o f e s s o r o f
a d v a n t a g e of computers i n p r o c e s s technology.
B u s i n e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a t U n i v e r s i t y of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Review, Mar-Apr,

Gold, B e l a , "CAM S e t s New Rules f o r P r o d u c t i o n " , Harvard Business Review,

Nov-Dec, 1982, pp. 88-94.
Frequently-cited c l a s s i c presenting c a s e f o r s e r i o u s consideration of
computer-aided m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o c e s s t e c h n o l o g y , p a r t i c u l a r l y r e c o g n i z i n g
b e n e f i t s beyond t h o s e normally c o n s i d e r e d i n u s u a l f i n a n c i a l e v a l u a t i o n s .
Goldhar, J o e l D. and M. J e l i n e k . "Plan f o r Economics of Scope", Harvard Business
1983, pp. 141-48.
S u b s t a n t i a l overview of i m p o r t a n c e of computers i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o c e s s i n g
and good a r t i c u l a t i o n o f "scope" v s . " s c a l e " economics. M r . Goldhar i s Dean
of t h e School of B u s i n e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a t I I T .

Review, Nov-Dec,

G r i e r s o n , Donald K., " I n t e g r a t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g - The Managers: M a e s t r o s o r

Magicians", Production Engineering, S e p t . 1984, pp. 38-43.
S t r o n g o v e r v i e w r e need t o p l a n s t r a t e g i c a l l y a b o u t how t o compete i n
f u t u r e , and t o e s t a b l i s h c o r p o r a t e a r c h i t e c t u r e t o implement. M r .
G r i e r s o n is a S e n i o r V i c e P r e s i d e n t of G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c Company.

144

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

G r i m m , James J . , " I n t e g r a t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g
Technology's Tomorrow J u s t
Arrived", Production Engineering, S e p t . 1984, pp. 72-76.
Overview w i t h i n t e r e s t i n g " h i e r a r c h y of acronyms" and a l s o f o r e c a s t s re
a v a i l a b i l i t y of v a r i o u s t y p e s of m a n u f a c t u r i n g t e c h n o l o g i e s .

Groover, M i k e l l , P.,

"Meeting t h e C h a l l e n g e s of CAD/CAMr', National Productiuity

pp. 29-35.

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Review, Winter 1982-83.

Groover, M i k e l l P. and J. E. Hughes, "Job Shop Automation S t r a t e g y Can Add

E f f i c i e n c y t o Small O p e r a t i o n F l e x i b i l i t y " , Industrial Engineering, November
1981, pp. 67-74.
G e n e r a l overview. C o n t a i n s e i g h t p r i n c i p l e s c o m p r i s i n g a s t r a t e g y f o r
a u t o m a t i n g j o b shops.
Hayes, Robert H. and W. J. Abernathy, "Managing Our Way t o Economic Decline",

Harvard Business Review, July-Aug 1980, p. 67.

Quote: "Undue emphasis on a n a l y t i c t e c h n i q u e s b i a s e s d e c i s i o n s a g a i n s t
t h e p u r c h a s e of advanced m a n ~ ~ f a c t u r i nequipment
g
t h a t promotes long-term
technical superiority".
Hayes, Robert H. and D. A.

G a r v i n , "Managing a s I f Tomorrow Mattered".

Haruard Business Review, May-June 1982, pp. 71-79.

F r e q u e n t l y - c i t e d c l a s s i c on t h e s h o r t c o m i n g s of t r a d i t i o n a l i n v e s t m e n t
a n a l y s e s which f a i l t o c o n s i d e r t h e e f f e c t s of n o t i n v e s t i n g i n new,
lower v a r i a b l e c o s t technology.
Both a u t h o r s a r e a t Harvard B u s i n e s s
School.
Hutchinson, George K. and A. T. Clementson, "Manufacturing C o n t r o l Systems:
An Approach t o Reducing S o f t w a r e Costs", P r e s e n t e d a t I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e
on M a n u f a c t u r i n g S c i e n c e and Technolorn of t h e F u t u r e , M.I.T..
Cambridge, MA,
October 9-12, 1984, 29 pp.
Hyer, Nancy L. and V. Wemnerlov, "Group Technology and P r o d u c t i v i t y " ,

Harvard

Business Review, July-Aug 1984, pp. 140-149.

L i g h t overview a r t i c l e on e x p l o i t i n g s i m i l a r i t i e s i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g problems
o r tasks.
Kaplan, Robert S., "Accounting and C o n t r o l Systems f o r t h e New I n d u s t r i a l
Competition", Working Paper 9-784-054, Harvard B u s i n e s s S c h o o l , November 1983,
35 PP.
S c h o l a r l y work p a r a l l e l i n g a r t i c l e of July-Aug 1984 (below).
Kaplan, Robert S., ha ester day's Accounting Undermines Production".
Business Revceu, July-Aug 1984, pp. 95-101.

Harvard

E x c e l l e n t a r t i c u l a t i o n of need t o change o u t d a t e d a c c o u n t i n g and c o n t r o l

s y s t e n s t o f a c i l i t a t e r e v i t a l i z a t i o n . of m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . M r .
Kaplan i s a t Harvard B u s i n e s s School.

Volume 3 1

Number 2

K e s t e r , W.

C a r l , "Today's

145

O p t i o n s f o r Tomorrow's ~ r o w t h " , H a m r d Business

Review, Mar-Apr 1984, pp. 153-159.

P r e s e n t s framework f o r l i n k i n g c u r r e n t c a p i t a l b u d ~ e t i n gd e c i s i o n s w i t h
s t r a t e g i c o p p o r t u n i t i e s through r e c o g n i z i n g d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s of c o m p e t i t i v e
r i v a l r y and o p t i o n s f o r f u t u r e .
Lambrix, R o b e r t J. and S. S. S i n g h v i , " P r e a p p r o v a l A u d i t s of C a p i t a l P r o j e c t s " ,

Hamard Business Review, Mar-Apr 1984, pp. 12-14.

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Advocates and g i v e s example o f v a l u e o f h a v i n g m u l t i - d i s c i p l i n a r y team

independently study important investment proposals.
Based on a u t h o r s '
work a t Armco, I n c .
L e v i n e , Susan J. and M. S. Y a l o w i t z , "Managing Technology: The Key t o S u c c e s s f u l
B u s i n e s s Growth", Management Review, September 1983, pp. 44-48.
L i s t s numerous b e n e f i t s o f t e c h n o l o g y management. A l s o o u t l i n e s a p r o c e s s
f o r t e c h n o l o g y management - I n c l u d e s m a t r i x of s t r a t e g i c o p t i o n s f o r
v a r i o u s t e c h n o l o g i e s and c o m p e t i t i v e p o s i t i o n s .

The S t r u c t u r e : S i m p l i f y and
M a l l e r , R o b e r t J., " I n t e g r a t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g
Focus, o r C o l l a p s e " , Plroduction Engineering, September 1R84, pp. 62-65.
Advocates f o c u s i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g o p e r a t i o n s w i t h u s e o f computer-aided
technologies.
Emphasizes need f o r d i s c i p l i n e and a t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l t o
implement.
Manchuck, S t a n l e y , " R e a l i s t i c Assessment o f P r o s p e c t s f o r F u l l CAD/CAM (CIMS)
I n t e g r a t i o n " , P r e s e n t e d t o 1984 F a l l Conference, I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r i a l
E n g i n e e r s , O c t o b e r 1984, A t l a n t a , 1 2 pp.
T h o u g h t f u l r e f l e c t i o n s on d i f f i c u l t i e s o f i n t e g r a t i o n o f e n g i n e e r i n g ,
m a n u f a c t u r i n g , and b u s i n e s s s y s terns. R e f l e c t s on n e e d s f o r c o m p a t a b i l i t y
of d a t a b a s e ( e s ) and communication s y s t e m ( s ) .
M i c h a e l , G e r a l d J., "Economic J u s t i f i c a t i o n o f Modern Computer-Based F a c t o r y
Automation Equipment", P r e s e n t e d a t f i r s t ORSA-TIMS S p e c i a l I n t e r e s t C o n f e r e n c e
on F l e x i b l e M a n u f a c t u r i n g Systems, August 15-17, 1984, 1 4 pp.
O u t s t a n d i n g summary of i n a d e q u a c i e s o f t r a d i t i o n a l j u s t i f i c a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s .
Good review o f key l i t e r a t u r e .
McDonald, James L. and W. F. Hasti-ngs, " S e l e c t i n g and J u s t i f y i n g CAD/CAMt',

AssembZy Engineering, A p r i l 1983, pp. 24-27.

D e s c r i b e s a s e v e n - s t e p s t u d y p r o c e s s which b e g i n s w i t h f e a s i b i l i t y and
n e e d s a n a l y s i s . Good a r t i c u l a t i o n o f p r a c t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s .
The
authors a r e with P r o d u c t i v i t y I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Inc.
N a t i o n a l Research C o u n c i l , Computer Integration of Engineering Design and
Production, N a t i o n a l Academy P r e s s , November 1984, 62 pp.
O u t s t a n d i n g work of a b l u e - c h i p committee on t h e CAD/CAM I n t e r f a c e o f t h e
M a n u f a c t u r i n g S t u d i e s Board.
E x c e l l e n t e x p o s i t i o n s on b e n e f i t s o f C I M and
i s s u e s t h a t a f f e c t computer i n t e g r a t i o n . I n c l u d e s r e s u l t s of v i s i t s o f 5
f i r m s u s i n g CAD/CAM.

146

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

P o t t e r , Ronald D.,

"Analyze I n d i r e c t S a v i n g s i n J u s t i f y i n g Robots", Industria2

Engineering, November 1983, 3 pp.

Articulates sources/causes of various i n d i r e c t savings.
Schmenner, Roger W., "Every F a c t o r y Has a L i f e Cycle", Harvard Business Review,
Mar-Apr 1983, pp. 121-29.
P r e s e n t s c a s e f o r r e c o g n i z i n g v a r y i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s of p l a n t s o v e r time,
and need t o p l a n f o r u p d a t i n g o r o t h e r w i s e t a k i n g a d v a n t a g e of c a p a b i l i t i e s .
S e p e h r i , Mehran, "Cost J u s t i f i c a t i o n Before F a c t o r y Automation",

& IMReview

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and APICS News, A p r i l 1984, 3 pp.

B r i e f overview of c o s t s and s a v i n g s to' b e c o n s i d e r e d . Advocates b r e a k e v e n

a n a l y s i s t o s t u d y r e l a t i v e economics a s f u n c t i o n of volumes.

Shewchuk, J o h n , " J u s t i f y i n g F l e x i b l e Automation", American Machinist, October

1984, pp. 93-96.
Recognizes need f o r n o n - t r a d i t i o n a l j u s t i f i c a t i o n methods i n c l u d i n g r i s k
s i m u l a t i o n . Recognizes s e v e r a l p i t f a l l s .
Shunk, Dan L.,

" I n t e g r a t e d Manufacturing-Factory

F a c t o r s " , Production

Engineering, September 1984, pp. 50-53.

Advocates u n d e r s t a n d i n g r a m i f i c a t i o n s of t h e F a c t o r y of t h e F u t u r e and
q u a n t i f y i n g p a r a m e t e r s t o compete.
Smith, Robert D., "Measuring t h e i n t a n g i b l e B e n e f i t s of Computer-Based
of Systems Managemint, September 1983, pp. 22-27.
I n f o r m a t i o n Systems", Jo-2
Advocates u s e of v a l u e a n a l y s i s approach f o r d e t e r m i n i n g how e x t e n s i v e a
computer-based i n f o r m a t i o n s y s t e m i s j u s t i f i e d . U s e s p r o b a b i l i t i e s and
expected v a l u e s of b e n e f i t s .
C o n t a i n s e x t e n s i v e c h e c k l i s t s of i n t a n g i b l e
b e n e f i t s which l e a d t o improved b u s i n e s s performance.
S t a u f f e r , Robert N.,

(Ed.),

"Equipment A c q u i s i t i o n f o r t h e Automated F a c t o r y " ,

Robotics Today, A p r i l 1983, pp. 37-40.

Good b r i e f s t a t e m e n t s re b e n e f i t s o f f l e x i b l e a u t o m a t i o n .
S t e e l e , Lowell. "Manager's M i s c o n c e p t i o n s About Technology".

Harvard Business

Review, Nov-Dec 1983, pp. 133-140.

D e t a i l s s e v e n common u n r e a l i s t i c a s s u m p t i o n s a b o u t t e c h n o l o g y which make
managing i n n o v a t i o n u n n e c e s s a r i l y d i f f i c u l t . M r . S t e e l e was i n c o r p o r a t e
r e s e a r c h and development w i t h G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c Company f o r many y e a r s .
Stobaugh, Robert and P. T e l e s i o , "Match M a n u f a c t u r i n g P o l i c i e s and P r o d u c t
S t r a t e g y " , Harvard Business Review, Mar-April 1983, pp. 113-120.
P r e s e n t s s t r o n g c a s e f o r r e c o g n i z i n g i m p o r t a n c e of m a n u f a c t u r i n g -p a r t i c u l a r l y i n meshing p r o d u c t i o n competence w i t h b u s i n e s s s t r a t e g y .
Thompson, Jr., ( # A r t h u rA.,

" S t r a t e g i e s f o r S t a y i n g Cost Competitive1', Harvard

Business Review, Jan-Feb 1984, pp. 110-117.

P r e s e n t s c a s e f o r s t r a t e g i c c o s t a n a l y s i s t o keep f i r m s o u t o f c o m p e t i t i v e
p r i c i n g t r a p b e c a u s e of h i g h v a r i a b l e / o p e r a t i n g c o s t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of
obsolete f a c i l i t i e s .

Volume 3 1

Number 2

Van B l o i s , John P . ,

147

" S t r a t e g i c Robot J u s t i f i c a t i o n :

A F r e s h Approach",

Robotics Today, A p r i l 1983, pp. 44-48.

Good i n c a l l i n g f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n of s t r a t e g i c and t a c t i c a l a t t r i b u t e s 1
f a c t o r s i n j u s t i f i c a t i o n analyses f o r robots.

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Warnecke, H. J. and G. V e t t i n , " T e c h n i c a l I n v e s t m e n t P l a n n i n g of F l e x i b l e

M a n u f a c t u r i n g Systems", Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1,
pp. 89-98.
E x c e l l e n t i d e a s r e s t r a t e g i c p l a n n i n g p r o c e d u r e , i n c l u d i n g computer
programs f o r t h e s e l e c t i o n of machine t o o l s and s i m u l a t i o n o f t h e
m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o c e s s s e q u e n c e . E x c e l l e n t v i s u a l s t o show a s s e s s m e n t
of a l t e r n a t i v e s .
Waterbury, R o b e r t , "The T o t a l Approach To Automated Assembly",

Assembly

htgineering. March 1984. pp. 46-49.

Emphasis on G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c Co.'s
Wheelwright. S t e v e n C.,

"Japan-Where

e x t e n s i v e a u t o m a t i o n programs.

Operations Really a r e Strategic".

Harvard Business Review, July-August 1981, pp. 67-74.

One of t h e e a r l y s u b s t a n t i a l a r t i c l e s on i h e d i s c i p l i n e and d e d i c a t i o n
of J a p a n e s e m a n u f a c t u r e r s which improves t h e v a l u e of s t r a t e g i c
operating policies.
Wheelwright, S t e v e n C., " R e f l e c t i n g C o r p o r a t e S t r a t e g y i n M a n u f a c t u r i n g
D e c i s i o n s " , Business Horizons, F e b r u a r y 1978.
One of e a r l y s i g n i f i c a n t a r t i c l e s on t o p i c . S u g g e s t s ways t o mesh c o r p o r a t e
and m a n u f a c t u r i n g d e c i s i o n s .
4.

Articles

Boczany, William J.,

J u s t i f i c a t i o n o f CIIIS:

Include Quantitative

" J u s t i f y i n g O f f i c e Automation",

Journal of Systems

Management. J u l y 1983. pp. 15-19.

Advocates s i m p l i f i e d economic a n a l y s i s t e c h n i q u e .
Boothroyd, G . , "Economics o f Assembly Systems". Journal o f Mfg. Systems,
(SMEICASA), Vol. 1, No. 1. 1982, pp. 111-125.
R a t h e r e x t e n s i v e d e r i v a t i o n o f s i m p l e c o s t f o r m u l a e and g r a p h i c a l comparis o n s f o r manual v s . autom. assembly v s . programmable assembly.
Describes
d i f f e r e n t equipment t y p e s .
Boothroyd, G., "Economics o f General-Purpose Assembly Robots". Annals o f
Vol. 33, No. 1. 1984, 8 pp.
D e s c r i b e s s t u d y of t h e c o m p a r a t i v e economics o f v a r i o u s a u t o m a t i c assembly
s y s t e m s u s i n g g e n e r a l - p u r p o s e assembly r o b o t s . Good, c l e a r d e s c r i p t i o n s
w i t h example q u a n t i f i c a t i o n and e x c e l l e n t g r a p h s .

C.I.R.P.,

148

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

Boucher, Thomas 0. and J. A. Muckstadt, "Cost E s t i m a t i n g Methods f o r E v a l u a t i n g

t h e Conversion from a F u n c t i o n a l M a n u f a c t u r i n g Layout t o Group Technology",
Working Paper 84-125, Department of I n d u s t r i a l E n g i n e e r i n g , R u t g e r s U n i v e r s i t y ,
October 1984, 22 pp.
Develops u s e f u l f o r m u l a s f o r e s t i m a t i n g r e d u c t i o n i n i n v e n t o r i e s and
s a v i n g s i n some overhead c o s t s due t o automated s y s t e m s w i t h f a s t e r l e a d
times, s h o r t e r manufacturing runs, e t c .
Conn, Henry P.,

"Productivity:

How t o D e f i n e , Measure, and Improve It",

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Production, March 1984, pp. 50-63.

Not p a r t i c u l a r l y on CIM.
Contains 8 e x t e n s i v e c h e c k l i s t s w i t h system f o r
n u m e r i c a l e v a l u a t i o n of p r o d u c t i v i t y .
Two c h e c k l i s t s c o n c e r n m a n u f a c t u r i n g
e n g i n e e r i n g and systems.
General Dynamics C o r p o r a t i o n , ICAM Robotics AppZication Guide, T e c h n i c a l Report
f o r A i r Force Wright A e r o n a u t i c a l L a b o r a t o r i e s , #TR-80-4042, Vol. 11, A p r i l
1980, 138 pp.
C o n t a i n s l i s t i n g s of c o s t s and s a v i n g s and a recommended form f o r c a l c u l a t i n g
p r e s e n t worths.
Also c o n t a i n s 8 3 r e f e r e n c e s .
G r i e v e , R. J . , P. H. Lowe, and N. P. K e l l y , "Robots:
The Economic J u s t i f i c a t i o n " ,
Proceedings o f Autofact Europe Conference, (Sponsored by SME), Geneva,
S w i t z e r l a n d , September 1983, 12 pp.
Good overview, r e c o g n i t i o n of c o s t components a f f e c t e d , and s i m p l e examples.
G u l a t i , Vince, " P r e s e n t i n g P r o j e c t J u s t i f i c a t i o n i n a Language Top Management
Understands", Proceedings o f FUZZ 1984 Conference, I n s t i t u t e of I n d u s t r i a l
Engineers.
I l l u s t r a t e s use of f i n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s and key f i n a n c i a l ( r a t i o )
measures of performance a s means o f s e l l i n g m a j o r p r o j e c t p r o p o s a l s ,
r e g a r d l e s s of o t h e r a t t r i b u t e s c o n s i d e r e d .
Gustavson, Richard E., ,,E n g i n e e r i n g Economics Applied t o I n v e s t m e n t s i n
Automation", Proceedings o f 2nd AssembZy Automation Conference, B r i g h t o n ,
U.K.,
1981.
Shows d e r i v a t i o n of f o r m u l a s and numerous e x c e l l e n t g r a p h s f o r j u d g i n g
p r o j e c t d e s i r a b i l i t y f o r c o m b i n a t i o n s of t h r e e d i f f e r e n t v a r i a b l e s .
M r . Gustavson i s w i t h C h a r l e s S t a r k Draper L a b o r a t o r y .
Gustavson. Richard E., "Choosing M a n u f a c t u r i n g Systems Based on U n i t Cost",
13th ISIR/Robots 7 Conference, Chicago, A p r i l 17-21, 1983, (SME P a p e r
MS 83-322).
Develops and shows c h a r a c t e r i s t i c u n i t c o s t v s . a n n u a l p r o d u c t i o n volume
c u r v e s f o r manual v s . programmable a u t o m a t i o n vs. f i x e d a u t o m a t i o n .
Gustavson, R i c h a r d E.,

"Computer-Aided

S y n t h e s i s of L e a s t Cost Assembly Systems",

14th InternationaZ Symposium on Industria2 Robots, Gothenburg, Sweden, O c t o b e r

1984, 1 2 pp.
D e s c r i b e s a top-down a p p r o a c h usinp, c o s t and c a p a b i l i t y d a t a Eor s u i t a b l e
technology a l t e r n a t i v e s t o d e t e r m i n e b e s t c h o i c e s . A l g o r i t h m c o n t a i n s t h e
R e f l e c t s on-going r e s e a r c h r e s u l t s which
r u d i m e n t s of dynamic programming.
a r e v e r y promising.

Volume 3 1

Number 2

101.

G u s t a v s o n , R i c h a r d E., J. L. Nevins. D. E . Whitney, and J. M. Rourke,

"Assembly System Design Methodology and Case Study", Robots 8 Conference,
J u n e 1984, 29 pp.
D e s c r i b e s methodology f o r i n t e g r a t i n g assembly s y s t e m d e s i g n w i t h p r o d u c t
design.
Shows a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a n a u t o m o b i l e manual t r a n s m i s s i o n s h a f t
assembly.

102.

H i n e s , John R., " P r e d i c t i n g I C Costs", Semiconductor IntemationaZ, J u n e 1983.

Shows s i m p l e e q u a t i o n f o r r e l a t i n g f a c t o r y y i e l d s and c o s t s t o I . C . c o s t .

103.

H u t c h i n s o n , George K.,

"Production Capacity:

CAM vs. T r a n s f e r Line", Industrial

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hzgineering, September 1976.

C o n t a i n s models and g r a p h s f o r u s e o f comparing a l t e r n a t i v e s w i t h d i f f e r i n g
f i x e d and v a r i a b l e c o s t s . P r o f . Hutchinson i s i n S c h o o l o f B u s i n e s s
Elilwaukee and h a s done subA d m i n i s t r a t i o n a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Glisconsin
s t a n t i a l p u b l i s h i n g i n f l e x i b l e m a n u f a c t u r i n g s y s t e m s , i n c l u d i n g a 300+
item bibliography.

104.

H u t c h i n s o n , G. K. and J. R. H o l l a n d , "The Economic Value of F l e x i b l e Automation",

JournaZ o f Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1982, pp. 215-227.

D e s c r i b e s dynamic computer s i m u l a t i o n s t u d i e s t o p l a c e a n economic v a l u e
on f l e x i b i l i t y by comparing f l e x i b l e m a n u f a c t u r i n g s y s t e m s t o t r a n s f e r
l i n e s c o n s i d e r i n g m u . l t i p l e p r o d u c t s and market p l a c e ( u n c e r t a i n t i e s ) .
105.

Meyer. Ronald J.. "A Cookbook Approach t o R o b o t i c s and Automation J u s t i f i c a t i o n " ,

1982, S o c i e t y o f M a n u f a c t u r i n g
E n g i n e e r s , Dearborn, M I . 29 pp.
E x c e l l e n t set o f e s t i m a t i n g g u i d e l i n e s f o r d i r e c t and i n d i r e c t s a v i n g s and
s u g g e s t e d f o r m a t f o r one-year j u s t i f i c a t i o n a n a l y s e s . My. Meyer i s w i t h
Rockwell I n t e r n a t i o n a l .

Proceedings o f Robots VI Conference, March 2-4,

106.

107.

h he Bootom Line - J u s t i f y i n g a Robot I n s t a l l a t i o n " , Robotics

M i l l e r , R i c h a r d K..
World, A p r i l 1983.
Simple r e c o g n i t i o n s f main c o s t s i n v o l v e d and example c a l c u l a t i o n o f y e a r l y
c a s h f l o w s and payback.
Ogden, Harry. " J u s t i f y i n g Assembly Automation", Proceedings of 2nd I n t ' l Conf.
May 19-21. 1981.
Overview w i t h examples o f comonly-used c a s h flow methods f o r economic
analyses.

on AssembZy Automation, B r i g h t o n , U.K.,

108.

The F i n a n c i a l Aspectst', Design Engineering, November

Robinson. Robbie, "CAD
1982, p. 125+.
C o n t a i n s s i m p l e example o f q u a n t i f y i n g economics of computer-aided d r a f t i n g
systems.

109.

Seed, A l l e n H., "Cost Accounting i n t h e Age o f Robotics", Munogement Accounting,

O c t o b e r 1984, pp. 39-43.
Good on t o p i c .
C o n t a i n s example o f d i f f e r e n c e s i n c o s t a l l o c a t i o n s f o r
man-paced v s . machine-paced environment. Mr. Seed i s S e n i o r C o n s u l t a n t
w i t h A r t h u r D. L i t t l e , I n c .

150

The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

110.

S i n k , D. S c o t t and S. J. DeVries, "An In-Depth Study and Review of S t a t e - o f the-Art and P r a c t i c e i n P r o d u c t i v i t y Pleasurement Techniques", Proceedings o f
May 1984 Annual Conference, I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r i a l E n g i n e e r s , pp. 333-344.
Not on CIM j u s t i f i c a t i o n , p e r s e , b u t i s v e r y good o v e r v i e w o f m u l t i a t t r i b u t e / c r i t e r i a e v a l u a t i o n methodology u s i n g u t i l i t y o f r a t i n g
concepts.
C o n t a i n s handy g r a p h i c a l and t a b u l a r f o r m a t s and 2 1 r e f e r e n c e s

111.

S u l l i v a n , W i l l i a m C . , "Replacement D e c i s i o n s i n High Technology I n d u s t r i e s

Where a r e Those Models When You Need Them?", Proceedings o f 1984 Annual
Conference, I n s t i t u t e of Industrial Engineers, May 1984, pp. 119-128.
Very good overview w i t h s u g g e s t e d d e c i s i o n flow diagram and q u a n t i t a t i v e
examples. D e t a i l s c o s t s and s a v i n g s t y p e s f o r i n d u s t r i a l r o b o t s
C o n t a i n s 26 r e f e r e n c e s , most o f which a r e i n c l u d e d h e r e i n .

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112.

113.

S u l l i v a n , W i l l i a m C . , "Towards a n U n d e r s t a n d i n g o f P r o j e c t J u s t i f i c a t i o n i n
High Technology Ventures", AnnuaZ Conference o f -American Society for Engineering
Education, S a l t Lake C i t y , J u n e 27, 1984, 1 2 pp.
Good r e c o g n i t i o n of t h e i s s u e s .
S u g g e s t s w e i g h t e d e v a l u a t i o n model w i t h
a t t r i b u t e s very s p e c i f i c t o manufacturing technology a l t e r n a t i v e s .
Van B l o i s , John P.,

"Economic Models:

The F u t u r e o f R o b o t i c J u s t i f i c a t i o n " ,

Proceedings of the 13th Industria 2 Symposium on Industria1 Robots, Chicago,

A p r i l 17-21. 1983.
Emphasizes s t a n d a r d eccnomic a n a l y s i s methodology.