Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DAYS
LIFE INTHE
OF CICERO
a,
ornia
ial
Y
ALFRED
J. CHURCH
THE
LIBRARY
OF
UNIVERSITY
THE
CALIFORNIA
OF
LOS
ANGELES
GIFT
MARCUS
TULLIUS
CICERO.
Life
Roman
of
Days
ALFRED
the
M.A.
J. CHURCH,
Author
of
"
WITH
Stories
from
Homer
"
ILLUSTRATIONS
New
Dodd,
the
Cicero
By
REV.
in
Mead
York
and
Publishers
Company
College
Library
7S
C47/L
1883
TO
OGLE,
OCTAVIUS
IN
OF
REMEMBRANCE
THIS
BOOK
IS
ICGC157
LONG
DEDICATED.
FRIENDSHIP.
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
I.
BOY
ROMAN
I
.....
II.
III.
THE
IN
VJ
UNDERGRADUATE
ROMAN
DAYS
OF
DICTATOR.
THE
IV.
V.
ROMAN
64
MAGISTRATE
....
GREAT
CAUSE
ROMAN
IOO
.
VI.
COUNTRY
VIII.
GREAT
.Il6
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
CATO,
.130
151
177
......
EXILE
BRAWL
......
POMPEY
CONSPIRACY
CJESAR
IX.
LIFE
.
VII.
43
193
......
CONSEQUENCES
ITS
AND
AND
BRUTUS,
PORCIA
.
IN
GOVERNOR
HIS
232
248
PROVINCE
.
219
268
ATTICUS
......
XV.
ANTONY
AND
280
AUGUSTUS
.
OF
LIST
MARCUS
ILLUSTRATIONS.
frontispiece
CICERO
TULLIUS
l6
BOY
ROMAN
......
48
SENATOR
ROMAN
.....
CAIUS
CESAR
JULIUS
BRITISH
MAGNUS
POMPEIUS
.177
.
VESTAL
151
.163
CHIEFTAIN
.
CNJEUS
VIRGIN
207
....
PORCIA
MARCUS
AND
CATO
PORCIUS
.235
.
MARCUS
BRUTUS
JUNIUS
241
.....
THE
DYING
GLADIATOR
273
.....
MARCUS
.281
ANTONIU3
.
OCTAVIUS
CJESAR
.289
AUGUSTUS
.
PREFACE.
book
THIS
or
does
of
history
ker's
narrative
is
tried
to
social
sketches
give
of
in
was
roughly
Cicero
of
to
first
be
the
the
six
of
of
first
"
central
most
century
important
life
of
provinces
decades
to
B.C.
figure,"
so
what
"
the
Cicero
and
manners,
the
lating
re-
I have
figure
idea
of
facts
Romans.
central
and
Bek-
as
of
the
some
"
as
of
come
thread
amount
and
men
Rome,
the
during
Rome,
the
readers
my
actually
life
to
slender
vast
Roman
the
work
Cicero
of
pretend
such
life
of
it
on
round
group
various
him
hung
the
to
does
which
in
Callus,
days
with
comparison
into
to
less
be
to
last
the
Still
Republic.
claim
not
not
man
as
of
speak
speak
of
judging
the
time,
PREFACE.
itis from
but because
letters,that
that I
but
chieflyderive
we
here made
I have
of which
indeed
give,not
sketch of his
the information
Hence
use.
to
trespass
of
of Caesar and
and
Antony,
striven
brief
as
disputed. It
much
give
course
had
the
opposing
to
was
done
I have
would
my
to
arguments
best
to
in
make
frequentuse
been
been
obviously
of the book
; and
to
only
my
which
correct.
der
Romer,
Ancient
Select Letters
their
have
to
acknowledge my obligations
UniversityLife
made
I have
speak dogmatica
conclusions
simply
state
quardt'sPrivat-Leben
Watson's
have
the character
with
inconsistent
to
questions which
some
and
action.
pojitical
of Cato
possible,of
and
militaryachievements
must
obligedto
was
Pompey,
as
of
the domain
give a narrative,which
to
make
to
of
I have
career.
on
it follows
and
personality
obligedalso
been
Athens^
of
of Mr.
Mr.
Cicero.
Mar-
Capes'
and
I have
Mr.
also
Anthony Trollope's
ROMAN
IN
THE
LIFE
CICERO,
OF
DAYS
CHAPTER
lifting him
a
true
son
first
name
the
arms
in
with
accompanied
was
with
were
invited.
some
family
protect
Thus
state
or
him
named
the
This
birth,
after
to
which
he
was
register. The
from
teen)
seven-
religious ceremonies,
some
feast
(just
eighth day
was
with
limited.
was
the
on
he
him
furnish
list
after
boy,
that
token
scanty
choice
his
to
to
was
the
his
and
to
of
done
was
duty
house,
out
which
to
and
of
first
his
in
up
BOY.
ROMAN
father's
ROMAN
naming
I.
kinsfolk
enrolled
next
care
was
influence
malignant
in
of
t
the
evil
bulla,
leather
wore
eye
by hanging
round
plate
if he
till he
was
not
assumed
of
round
metal.
of
his
(The
neck
bulla
gentle birth.)
the
dress
of
gilded
was
This
manhood.
of
he
ROMAN
Then
LIFE
THE
IN
DA
he laid it aside,possibly
to
if he
more,
which
nursed
born
attained
the
up
his
by
mother,
It
of his life,and
him
had
the
or,
in
much
to
shut
not
histories
purpose
clusive
ex-
years
ing
order-
witness
"
the
for this
not
legends (forit matters
of the
whether
they are fact or fiction)
or
husband
turned
free-
mothers
Roman
part in affairs
Tullia, who
wives, of
Sabine
For
was
had
the
to
in
up
small
played no
that
say
to
drawn
honor
Capitol. He
any case, by a
his mother
was
charge of
it once
assume
crowning
aspire,and was
slope of
woman.
CICERO.
the
could
Roman
triumph
but
OF
YS
seize
to
her
Coriolanus
son
besiegingRome.
which
throne,
At
to
was
seven
make
stirred
his purpose
began
him
her
Veturia, who
or
from
up
of
the education
citizen
and
soldier.
behavior,
reverent
authorityat
pioustowards
home
the
to
and
abroad, and
gods.
If it was
above
the
to
all.
duty of
the father
to act
BOY.
ROMAN
priestin
as
temple of
some
the
not
a class apart from
(forthe priestswere
the worship
to conduct
their fellow-citizens),
or
in some
chapel of the family,the lad would act
the clients,the
camillus
or
as
acolyte. When
dependents of the house, trooped into the hall
in the earlymorning hours to pay their respects
State
to
their patron,
in their
father's chair
humble
and
high
When
statesman
buried
or
At
listen
believe
writers
time
it
of
tells
us,
young
sembly, very
of Westminster
much
in the
School
one
are
great
soldier
to
be
hear the
to
if
we
may
of the Roman
introduce
to
sittingsof
same
on
bier.
senators
the
be
sometimes
the walls
custom,
which
to
sons
and
be taken
the
for the
his
thrown
was
famous
some
the
was
by his
celebrated
outside
over
quaint story
to
which
burned, he would
one
stand
publicaffairs or
on
carried
was
ance
assist-
held, he would
was
body
pronounced
oration
their
festival
the
hall
the
heroes.
or
When
would
He
past times.
and
acqaintance with
present and
take
make
and
friends.
open,
his advice
ask
to
or
way
admitted
as
to
their
the
as*
boys
hear the
ROMAN
LIFE
professesto
show
families of the
of
DA
THE
in the Houses
debates
name
IN
of
it was
the
that the
State
sons
that
clad
Pratextatus, i.e.,
in the
custom
it
The
the
bear the
to
prcetexta
thus
runs
story
of
one
in the
It
"
:
"
of the Roman
earlydays
should
senators
CICERO.
Papiriuscame
(thegarb of boyhood),and
was
OF
of Parliament.
how
race
YS
to
the
bringtheir young
end that they might
learn in their
within
the
the
happened
matter,
adjourned
Hereupon
the
Papirius,was
to
It
House.
tell the
son
much
matter
debated.
And
command
which
should
the
thing
of
certain
which
when
woman
day
upon
the
to
had been
that
certain
morrow.
senator,
importuned by
named
his mother
thus
painfully
had been
be silent about
tell it,the
on
laid upon
such
besought
matters,
him
to
him
that he
refused
speak
to
more
whether
'
might
harmony
more
to
a
should
husband
should
the
have
were
change
of
; or, if any,
devised
have
should
be
order that
to
wives,
many
or
wife
Then
one.'
than
by the thing
disturbed
had
this
them
all the
to
not
told
the
questioned him,
to
story
boys might
the
have
not
to
and
how
he had
her
the
same
tunity.
impor-
constancy
from
his
the State
made
Then
how
that
kept secret,
any
one.
wit, and
the
the
permit that
story
from
escape
make
to
than
wives
more
Thereupon
be
judged expedient
not
certainly
Papirius
young
mother
and
to
seen
gathered togetherat
women
besought
should
man
all
now
be
doors, who
the
is
heard, hastened
had
should
of her
multitude
it be
husbands
being much
she
matrons
to
have
more
woman,
which
up
change,this
any
than
in families
something
there
whereby
be done
not
7.
BO
ROMAN
might
law, that
suffer damage
no
had
sons
best
of
ROMAN
senator
LIFE
THE
should
House,
have
he should
While
this
the lad
learned
characters
the
young
Papirius,but
that
rightto come
prcztexta"
general education
of
The
cypher.
into
come
elder Cato
used
of his
by
his
"
"
Painter
from
the
the
landing of
Second
Punic
learn
"
that
he
soon
as
by
heart.
might
When
himself
tus, in
'
learn
reading was
"
one
Twelve
down
to
as
of his
the
of
the end
less
to
how
form
to
saying to his
Dialogues,"we
The
"
"
costlymaterial
of children
"
of
ingeniouslycombined
Ivory letters
justas they
now-a-days,
words.
acquired,be began to
we
were
boys," Cicero
Tables.'
Italy
tempted
was
were
are
the
amusement.
in earlier times
probably
used
and
or
surnamed
He
War).
large
himself
chronicle
JEneas
which
by playthings,
instruction
was
of
in
to
portions
sons
by
Fabius,
(the author
on,
teaching.
write
to
as
write, and
to
of
contemporary
going
was
read,
to
course
long
so
definite
receivingsome
was
CICERO.
OF
the
the
wear
DAYS
thereafter
only this
save
he should
He
IN
As
learn
resents
rep-
brother
Quin-
used
learn
Twelve
to
Tables"
ROMAN
with
LIFE
blows.
many
himself
the
YS
DA
He
boy
(forwhich
have
had
verse
found
be
cannot
reconcile
lessons.
thingthan
we
CICERO.
whose
these
must
OF
could
never
of
matter
troublesome
use
THE
early poets
Roman
more
in
the
to
furnished
Our
IN
arithmetic
the
figuresnow
too
thankful
to
their
have made
it. It is
inventors)
difficult to imagine how
thing like a long
any
in multiplication
division could have
or
sum
the Arabs
with
done
been
they.
were
which
represent
we
require
the
for its
Roman
The
the
by
expression
signifynumbers
above
rightnumbers
would
tens,
have
and
figures 89
boy
used
hundred, and
the
it. Sometimes
his teacher
sample
lesson.
"
that Horace
The
the penny
five
ounces
nine
being
would
helped
was
left hand
a
brous
cum-
less than
no
The
below
so
for instance,
number,
figures,LXXXVIIII.
the
by using the fingers,
to
numerals,
Roman
by long
be subtracted
gives of
boys
are
an
Here
what
he
is
arithmetic
taught to
calculations.
one,
which
'
vide
di-
If from
is the
re-
mainder
of
'
At
penny.'
what
does
While
age
at
it up
own
began
to
which
the Elder,
his
Macedonia) who
Cato, had
as
While
triumph
he
as
painter,
own
we
sons,
the
few
tutor
Greek
years
preparing the
to
He
was
tainly
cer-
the
menced.
com-
he made
had
frugal master,
a
should
is
it a
less
nevertheof
taking
under-
did teach, to
actually
^milius,
sent
French
reached
capable
was
had
he
though
was
who
very
nobles,
other
the
regular education
work, and
Greek
families.
acquire it when
his
begun
nursery-governess
slave who
profitof
had
justas
wealthier
his
worth
was
where
nursery,
German
teach
Greek
the
of
penny.'
Roman
be found,
to
our
to
the
in
the
practice to
the
added
"
half of
Very possiblyhe
Greek.
"
Cato
be
ounce
The
'
which
own
or
among
'
an
take
to
was
girlwas
bonne
will be able
you
If
answer,
knowing
to
pick
slave
it make
his
besides
Good,
third
'
can
you
money.
he
also
was
BOY.
once
'
of your
care
ROMAN
of
the
of
conqueror
than
younger
tion.
distinc-
some
procession
Athens
sons
for
of
his
scene-
might make
ROMAN
io
IN
LIFE
picturesof conquered
his victories.
trate
to
qualified
fortune
take
the
stock, so
the
in his
This
was
one
had
Cicero
him
gave
learned
In old age
pupil,
"
he
Stoic
pupil in his
tillthe day of
he
before
geometry
without
and
These
benefit.
own
his
death,
know
his benefactor
course
kind
books
"
read
studies
were
his
almost
seems
eyes
to
which
but
he
incredible,taught
his learners
them, instructing
whither
of what
had
; he
without
pursue
this
Of
teacher
philosopher.
boyhood, and
his
also, and
to
he wanted,
"
could
and
in
indeed, who
son
Diodotus,
have
to
Greek
for his
whence
By good
tutor.
for his
also be
than
diligently
him
sion
commis-
had
il
to
the
to
till later,but
home
many
added
Cicero
been
a
wherewith
place of
family,not
born
not
was
CICERO.
happened
speak,exactlythe man
to
own
OF
Athenians
Metrodorus.
one
YS
towns
He
that
stipulation
DA
THE
the
line
it was
that when
about
to
be."
the old
nine
to
was
man
thousand
onlywealthy Romans
be
drawn,
It is interesting
died he left
pounds.
could
com-
ROMAN
their
for
mand
teachers
contained
acquaintance with
and
Rome
had
number
vast
had
In Cicero's
and
into
of slaves
who
be
set
apart
would
knowledge
at
Rome
the
as
learn
One
Italian
knew
speak
to
of which
is
as
belonged
family,he
at
home.
There
to
knowledge
language, a
as
would
wicked
Appius
appears
among
he would
at
Rome
in
Claudius.
go
the
the Roman
the
speaking
school.
to
as
weli
days
of
as
the
schoolmaster
The
the Etruscans
Camillus, when
to
among
are
we
schools, girls'schools
were
common
French
of
he
him
Commonly
over
; from
least
of whom
Greek
good deal,of
would probably
read
at
very
boys' schools,
hand
and
was
English gentlemen.
If the Roman
boy
of
families
the
attendant
of these
boy
time
munities
Greek-speaking com-
brought
literature.
less
the part
on
language,and something,often
Greek
or
more
of conquests
Greek
such
of
hold
well-to-do-house-
; but any
Greek.
more
over
services
slave who
the
sons
Diodotus
as
century
BOY.
in
the
traitor, who
general
the
story
of
offers
to
sons
of
ROMAN
12
LIFE
the chief
citizen of
scourged back
We
find
Latin
as
on
that
signsof
of scholars
the Forum
more
suitable localities.
noisy,the
on
that
read, and,
as
have
we
or
their
the
how
in
sooty
one
it in
letters.
same
old
insists
willfully
with
this
fate,
far-off suburb
Some
hundred
fulfilled.
prophecy was
the schoolboysstood each
hand
and
Virgilin the
the
the
seen,
which
book
will find
age
writingabout
sibly
Pos-
afterwards, Virgil.
out
Juvenal tells us
Horace
increased.
going
lamp
to
appliancesfor
the
afterwards
more
removed
were
and
time
as
and
more
was
added, certainly
readingbooks.
were
teaching boys
with
their lessons
threatens
old
years
against the
having revolted),
at
play-writers,and,
Horace
profound peace
Their
improved
teachingwere
Latin
it is mentioned
of
schools
and
was
story in the
same
became
busy
Homer
his scholars.
market-place. At Rome,
on, and
maps
his command
at
where
time
CICERG.
hurriedlymarched
hum
in the
went
the
the
heard
in
OF
by
town
of Tusculum,
(Camillushad
YS
DA
Falerii,is
again
of the
town
THE
into the
him
town
one
IN
well-thumbed
other.
time, goes
Quintilian,
into
detail,
becomes
as
Homer
with
writers
also
benefit
to
But
here
authors
curious
that
in
only,
but
is,or
Heroides
tragic
much
is
also.
lyricpoets
selection
of
authors."
not
of
It is
banishingaltogethera book
used
more
extensively
certainly
was,
than
classic,the
other
any
of Ovid.
part
an
find him
schools
our
make
The
there
the
got from
must
to
Virgil.
useful ; and
you
It is
"
boy'sreadingshould
the
and
are
be
13
schoolmaster.
practicethat
admirable
begin
old
an
BOY.
ROMAN
Roman
our
the books
these,then, are
as
boy
have
read.
to
forgotten. Let
him take," says the author just quoted, the
fables of ^Esop and tellthem in simplelanguage,
never
risingabove the ordinary level. Then
Composition
would
would
be
not
"
"
let him
to
pass
bolder
sometimes
to
on
followinghis
writing
he
sense."
of themes
He
and
givesis this,
"
suggests
characters.
Was
also
beating to
Crates
One
the
ample
ex-
the
philosopher
ignorantboy, he
*
an
his teacher?"
Many
ROMAN
14
subjectsof
Hannibal
of the
should
THE
YS
DA
these themes
was
passage
he
7Ar
LIFE
have
been
advanced
the
on
kind.
speculative
to
only to help
Has
To
the
Roman
that
the
thing
but
useless.
divide
the
boys
speak
in the
order
considered
The
the
next
the
the
be
month
have
was
any
his
to
duly
set
to
to
us
one
; every
proficiency.
estimated
struggleswhich
; and
we
of one's class
had
was
gloriousthingconceivable.
most
decision
they
powers
the head
to
accustomed
were
our
performances were
of
Quintilian,
teachers
according
turn
called in the
remember
own
mies.
ene-
to
interesting
classes,and
into
wall, but
"
more
They
stranger
repellingtheir
my
the
the law ?
practicewhich
taking his
to
his schoolmaster
"
the
subject of
mounts
studies
employed by
been
Our
A.
these
boy,
frequently
It is forbidden
"
A. broken
make
ately
cityimmedi-
were
a
the citizens in
aid of emulation.
"
mentions
the wall.
mount
preserved.
His
naturallyone often chosen.
Alps, and the question whether
have
discussed.
CICERO.
OF
was
not
brought
made
the
once
for all.
vanquished
an
ROMAN
rod
of which
walls of
of Eton
As
far
to
as
been
One
authorities
the savage
Roman
almost
without
As
to
schools
the
"
is
indignant
young
venial
"
the
was
the
the best
word
we
member
re-
aspect
of
in
capitals,
littleor
tinctio
dis-
no
Quintilian
he allows
that
ging
flog-
institution."
cane
"
And
words.
the
that which
Roman
prevails
magnificentlength of
had a holiday on
the
festival
it
with
equallydecided, though
an
been
stops, and
the
at
as
sharpenerof
think, when
have
must
goes
for
word
butcher
"
would
book, written
was
in
will
he hesitates
between
is
advocate
but
thegein),
nearous
one
what
the
"
practice
practiceopinions
enthusiastic
who
learner because
fault indeed,
the
The
its details.
to
were
CICERO.
that the
say
OF
the educational
tree
advantage of
young" (narthex,
YS
alreadydiscovered.
by derivation,
signifies
with
DA
divided.
were
so
had
the
to
THE
of birch, a
commonly
use
IN
LIFE
beginning
on
Every
vacation.
"
days
less
of
Saturn
the seventeenth
of
one
"
(a
De-
ROMAN
BOY.
ROMAN
cember), and
own
the
"
lads
March
of
the
in
was
of
of Minerva,"
"days
latter half
17
schoolboys had
the
the
on
BOY.
carrying
but
fell in
which
the
long
"
Horace
summer.
their
of their
one
fees
for
speaks
school
to
cation
va-
on
the
in the
eight months
of a doubtful passage
(ifthis interpretation
this was
is correct). Perhaps as
a
country
made
the holidays were
school
longer than
year
be
We
find
he should
to
summer
class,who
were
the
season
indeed
in the later
and
"
In
summer
boys
by
autumn
remark
sentiment
^Estate
July was
probably
was
"
of
convenient
more
doubtless
poet'sremark,
its admirable
heat
tillthe fifteenth of
his seat
abdicate
Rome
the
master
school-
brought a
study.
autumn.
imploringa
that
remember
favorable
October
late in the
Martial, however,
to
not
as
tillsomewhat
over
deserted
the wealthier
disposed to
to
which
Latin
for
agree
in
the idlest
enough,
if they
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
THE
YS
DA
not
and
"
us
from
The
We
than
more
gives
we
of
the
Rome
of
little book,
all, which
in
Crates, who
"
Rome
knowledge, to
was
to
owed,
as
Greek,
Minor, broke
Asia
from
ambassador
as
facts.
few
schoolmaster
coming
of
kings
glean
grammar
of her
most
of the
one
of
of
boys
pages
may
and
grammar,
certain
have
said
owed
the
twoscore
first business
teach
she
hands
committed.
were
CICERO.
be
OF
his
leg
while
and
of Rome,
streets
walking in the ill-paved
occupied his leisure by givinglectures at his
house.
Most
Catulus
him
bought
than
more
earlyteachers
of the
slave
Greek
fifteen hundred
his freedom
another
of the
between
three
him
set
four
and
as
somewhat
and
giving
schoolmaster
received
nation
same
for
pounds,
up
Greeks.
were
hundred
salaryof
pounds,
his
able
takingand probably making a considerfees. Orbilius, the
profitout of the pupils'
of blows, was
probably of Greek descent.
patron
man
He
then
had
a
been
first
beadle, then
the year
in which
Cicero
was
came
consul.
trumpeter,
to
Rome
He
seems
in
been
have
to
severe
as
he
pupils as
their
wrote
of
author
had
a
of
great age
his
seen
marble
in
figure,
of Orbilius, who
as
were,
and
invented
age
a
prizes
against
tutor
victor.
or
rare
to
his
each
This
old
whom
of
Atticus
Cicero
credit
used
to
was
book
pounds
to
of
his
gave
as
having
pit lads
write, but
commonly
he
annum.
of
not
first
equal
only
some
hand-
some
made
a
prize for
Augustus
per
the
Virgil'sassociates,
eight hundred
school,
early dramatists.
other, supplying
which
subject on
the
the
He
two
acquaintance.
some
had
Flaccus
certain
of
one
was
authors
Virgil,with whom,
on
had
probably
he
to
man,
with
intimate
with
favorite
said, the
correspondent
freedom, lectured
was
The
The
It
town.
of the old-fashioned
Caecilius,a younger
friend
three.
schoolmasters
about
it.
was
been
has
livingto
sittingposture,
beside
writing desks
and
in his native
statue
him
prevent
little book
the
he
ingratitude. His
hundred
one
in which
book
and
not
lads
the
on
way
meanness
parents of his
the
on
19
in another
was
themselves, for he
exposed
BOY.
ROMAN
him
salaryof
Twenty
ROMAN
20
have
made
These
of
between
Caesar
fame, is said
finest
very
call the
had
commonly
on
the
much
yet
lawyer
to
of
man's
and
the
learn.
an
Julius
at
height of
very
his
his
lectures.
delivered
he
He
have
must
from
whom
the
"
of
what
Rome.
but
if he
orator.
had
to
Law
attachinghimself, by becoming
he
the
an
we
lad
thought
he
make
when
statesman,
commonwealth,
He
his education"
"
gown
his
been
great
so
something.
eloquence were
Professors
office in
of
Cicero, when
attended
"finished
"
them,
among
But
life,of becoming
political
taking
the
"
One
non-political
speeches,
learn
to
may
he put
his
teachers
These
sometimes
fifteen)
;
distinguishedpupil
in which
teacher
hoped
orator
at
year
of
clever
is said
men.
orphan
an
own.
of Cluentius.
defence
also
his
have
to
the
was
very
of
left
praetor, and
This
schoolmaster
were
in his
up,
grown
CICERO.
(Csesarwas
was
OF
afterwards, when
he
YS
eloquence, lecturingto
having held
was
DA
Gnipho,
and
THE
schoolmasters
teachers
as
IN
later,a fashionable
years
to
LIFE
and
had
himself
learned
by
pupil,as
ROMAN
22
When
he
stand
gave
his
by
that
the
from
client
But
great
be
What
of
chance
have
power
that
who
country
had
to
speech ;
no
who
of
Rome,
the
to
of
it made
middle
giftin
Of
the
the
trick of
or
is
statesman
course,
We
professional
defect
of the
idea
an
received
Roman
all
est
highof
one
teaching is part
a
or
Sometimes
to
some
in this
eloquence.
even
go
the
speak
wield
can
this
called
wielded
who
had
call the
can
government.
us.
course.
man
of
be
to
it is much
us
sort
that such
quite strange
there
ever
training of
necessary
was
reached
never
learn
learn, as
"
country
man
one
get cured
but
either
only to
this
statesmen
will
politician
teacher
remembered
speak
With
offices in the
young
would
learned, how
be
in
had
others
CICERO.
they
not
to
whether
had
degree,but
lower
had
orator.
We
OF
payment
no
public man
matter
YS
pupil.
we
the
not.
took
thing can
of
before
must
It
Roman
career
at
home
from
of the
matter
at
such
career
audience
man
or
eloquent.
have
DA
chair.
must
as
the
THE
the young
law, he
far
IN
LIFE
it as
like other
its way
but
of the
second
things
slowly. Just
century
B.C.
the
Senate
has
been
BOY.
ROMAN
resolved
"
of
made
23
philosophers and
certain
the
it,as
found
the
his
for
and
it
honor, that
own
issued
censors
rhetoricians
Latin
to
such
be
first century
forbiddingcertain
teach.
to
the great
was
censors
edict
an
see
public good,
none
in the
Early
Rome."
at
praetor
for the
be
to
mention
that
Seeing
One
of
these
Crassus, greatest
orator
Cicero puts
predecessorsof Cicero.
mouth
an
apology for this proceeding:
actuated
not
by any hostilityto
of all the
into his
"
was
culture.
learning or
were
youth
Rome
than
rivals,from
Greek
of their
but
rhetoricians
Latin
ignorant pretenders,inefficient
mere
Roman
These
not
were
likelyto
whom
learn any
tators
imi-
the
thing
ever,
howimpudence." In spiteof the censors,
belief in
and in spiteof the fashionable
that what
what
teachers
rose
Cicero,
"when
Plotinus, who
in Latin
of
was
we
to
be
growth,
"
were
the
was
must
native
into favor.
how, when
crowded
capital
Greek
was
first
says
eloquence
youth
itvexed
Latin
Lucius
one
teach
the studious
hear him
the
remember,"
boys,
to
far better
me
of the
much,
ROMAN
24
that I
LIFE
checked, however,
held
who
men,
of the young
that
he would
teachers
an
opinion
him.
of
learned
was
the abilities
matter
We
reminded
are
who
Johnson,
of
declared
which
that
One
discuss.
these
imaginary cases
for their pupils
legaldifficulty
to
was
gave
involvingsome
to
CICERO.
chief
The
OF
profitablynourished
Greek."
in
not
Abbey by
YS
attend
in this
more
Doctor
own
our
DA
the
by
were
exercises
by
THE
permitted to
not
was
IN
propose
of these
two
or
cases
be
may
given.
One
day
down
coming
they should
The
up
hamper
allegethis
The
whom
to
be
thread
theirs
fishermen
found
were
as
claim
did it belong ?
there
draw
bargain
draught for
paid. When
with
sewn
made
to
men
Ostia, and
found
about
were
they
fish
no
to
seashore
the
was
money
drawn
the
who
have
excursion
an
these
With
net.
party of young
to
fishermen
some
To
summer
made
Rome
from
net.
in
certain
the
in
net
in
that
sum.
was
it, but
of
it
as
not
being fish.
boy
purple-edged
wont
to
But
when
was
talked
that
robe
The
wear.
they came
of, it
was
who
of
token
his
conclude
life which
days
this
picture,which
pretty
the
when
he
he
lads
were
discovered.
and
the
that
matter
the
his
was
boy
master
him
given
led with
first
the
the
came
without
gods
about
rebuke
me,
over
his teacher
timid
for
up
wanderer
when
the
very
of
in the
upon
hood.
man-
offeringto
the
; when
and
rades
comflattering
might cast my eyes
the whole
busy
days
poet draws
purple stripe,and
hung
household
with
entering
first my
guardianshipof
of the boy was
quaint
chapter
Roman
was
"When
the
the
of freedom.
shall
it
own
hands
and
bulla
maintained
was
them
lay
not
was
Rome,
to
with
free-born
deceit
of
cargo
the
him
upon
should
officers
him, put
upon
25
having
of great
custom-house
the
and
Brundisium,
at
beautiful
very
Y.
slave-dealers, landing
Certain
slaves
BO
ROMAN
path
is
knowing naught
street
gown
doubtful, and
of
life comes
der
un-
; in
the
with
26
bewildered
then
soul
made
took
at
myself
hands
how
its
I would
with
and
you,
long
first
hours.
One
certain
time
for
and
unbent
from
told
with
that
the
to
handed
keeping
it
over
for
work
this
one
charming
pupil, dying
old
his
and
gles
strug-
under
your
I
mind
summer
you
at
perverse
suns
the
bloom
we
had,
of
one
modest
table
picture
to
thoughts."
sterner
accords
property
rest,
applied
well
Ay,
with
another
each
assumes
away
You
rule,
reason,
lineaments.
pluck
"
of
your
by
night's
It
and
wear
roads
child.
straightens
subdued,
plastic
CICERO.
bosom
years
molded
is
be
to
the
disguise,
nature
OF
adopted
your
tender
skillful
YS
DA
many-branching
into
my
habit
THE
the
to
once
Socrates
with
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
to
himself
the
in
and
tutor,
kinsfolk
the
books
left
youth,
that
of
the
only.
the
be
his
latter
deceased,
II.
CHAPTER
IN
last
the
UNDERGRADUATE.
ROMAN
"Roman
chapter
in
Boy"
It
which
we
will
in
a
of
little
is
entia
hear
the
of
has
the
address
his
mother
subject
had
is
of
his
most
anxious
considerable
notices
the
letters
he
hear,"
to
and
me,
He
is
in
His
"
of
honeyWhen
is put
with
on
of
those
prospects
are
the
Terentia,
thought.
fortune
we
terms
his
name
along
Ter-
time
philosopher."
son's
that
"
that
to
of
spoken
and
writes
Atticus,
to
time
letters
sister.
Cicero's
person,
From
the
"Roman
trace
to
little
"
exile
and
of
born
always
in
our
particular
father's
his
glad
well."
his
but
to
affection.
Cicero,"
no
letters
been
and
him,
father
be
had
real
in
earliest
doing
the
him
will
tenderest
sweet
who
of
his
son
be
interesting
You
"
one
be
find
books.
view;
will
Undergraduate"
son.
we
of
her
own,
28
sell
to
proposes
ill fortune
to
their
duty by
if
they
do
do
implore
ruin
not
the
moderate
us,
same
what
lad.
will
fortune
do
not
save
he
is ruined
modest
will
me.
only something
then
want,
friends
troubles, do
our
Indeed
If he has
as
for money
want
all
by
sad
as
you
If my
means
your
poor
good
make
I shall not
you,
from
him
pursue
much.
so
enough already.
keep
If the
us.
to
to
sorry
me,
not,
Pray think," he
I will say
myself.
to
CICERO.
OF
"
happen
our
be
YS
estate.
more.
any
; I should
me
DA
shall continue
happen
write
THE
an
will
writes, "what
will
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
merit
him
give
to
and
all he
wants."
Appointed
Cicero
takes
When
he
his
starts
Quintus, are
son
native
Deiotarus.
Rhodes."
to
to
him
his
the
into the
If need
Cilicia,
province.
court
princes of
writes
of
government
with
on
sent
Ciceros," he
uncle
the
mountain
of the
to
Deiotarus,
Galatia.
to
"
Atticus,
The
"
young
with
are
Atticus, it may
be
mentioned,
be anxious
one
to
was
about
ROMAN
30
IN
LIFE
THE
DA
YS
OF
CICERO.
his father's
took
at
the inhabitants,
control).The ceremony
Arpinum, much to the delightof
felt of
who
the greatest
course
interest
in their famous
it
was
sad time.
journeyed I
of
prospect
The
"
and
broken
this
"
This
While
his kinsfolk
and
preparing
was
probably not
was
just beginning
He
hastened
the
across
friend, and
father's
of
maneuvers
him
Pharsalia
of
Adriatic
; but
lad who
to
join his
the
to
man.
mand
com-
till a
by
his comrades.
he waited
kind
pardon.
his
back,
horse-
on
the defeat
After
letter from
In
seat
the
were
soldierly
qualities
disium
to
war
at
The
himself
appointed
was
subordinate
veteran
think
to
already
Pompey
Italy.
evil
unmixed
an
had
entertaining
was
fly from
to
The
between
Arpinum,
at
as
indeed."
is sad
indeed
Cicero
friends
was
dismay.
was
But
where
every
and
trouble
vast
Pompey.
out.
and
sorrow
trouble
vast
Csesar
saw
pride and
fellow-townsman.
There
"
place
B.C.
46 he
at
Csesar
was
made
Brun-
assured
sedile
ROMAN
Arpinum,
at
his cousin
The
time.
same
UNDERGRADUATE.
Pompey
of
; and
probably not
his
drew
nor
cause
lad has
the
in
give
with
connection
not
Oxford
of
and
the
accustomed
were
study'ssake.
long
"
take
but
still
of
sons
to
visit
is
to
the
living
bank,
or
of solicitors.
his
up
the
are
in
sense
the
place of
before
dence
resi-
university
wealthy Roman
complete their
years
In those
English
unremunera-
then the
exactlyin
Four-and-twenty
paid
in
firm
Cambridge
England,
culture,where
was
indeed
he
service
an
there
opening
Athens, which
Rome,
which
had
the
up
when
arms,
an
side
take
to
was
general. Neither
pleasedthe father,and
of
to
family,or
was
which
overruled, justas
was
forces
old
career
sometimes
promising
It
the
professionof
tive
ready
of his
son
of
sons
Cicero, who
young
was
the
against the
out
particularon
very
sword,
against the
the
the
have
Fighting
Spain, where
holding
the
at
would
he
year
militarycareer.
in
were
Caesar
being appointed
next
his
gladlyresumed
was
going on
31
sities
univer-
liberal
lies
fami-
tion.
educa-
the father
days," he writes,
"
ROMAN
32
IN
neck
figurethat
DA
YS
feeble
long and
was
THE
and
emaciated
was
LIFE
thin ;
to
CICERO.
degree ; my
of body and
habit
thought
are
OF
indicate
to
My
in those
my
speeches without
without
with
voice, and
At
me
when
first,
friends
abandon
to
and
the
of oratorical distinction.
voice, and
regulate my
both
speaking,I might
threatened
health
my
self-controlled
than
risk
any
by learningto
that
moderate
the
avert
also
and
It
relinquish
Afterwards
changing
manner.
my
gesticulation.
sooner
I reflected
effort,
of
top
very
I would
hope
of
all
physicians advised
for
advocacy
run
deliver
to
abundant
most
the voice.
of this, because
the
variety,at
any
laborious
relaxation
any
much
my
and
styleof
danger
acquire a
was
more
resolve
that
to
break
through
induced
me
practicedfor
the
to
travel
two
years,
well known
to
the
Athens
most
I spent
when
formed
I had
habits
the
to
and
my
East.
name
I left Rome.
six months
and
distinguished
with
learned
that
I
had
had
come
be-
Coming
Antiochus,
philosopher
ROMAN
of the Old
wiser
UNDERGRADUATE.
famous
more
or
than
Academy,
33
whom
there
teacher.
At
the
under
myselfdiligently
practiced
Demetrius
Syrus, an old and not
of
of
master
always looked
then, Cicero
care
guished
undistin-
To
eloquence."
same
the
time
no
was
Athens,
with affection.
back
He
build
to
me
fool,"he writes
the
at
same
But
say.
I love
"
Will
Atticus,
to
Academy
I shall be
and
Eleusis.
porticoat
'
have
the
so,'you
will
place,much
glad to
if I do
"
I think
think
you
some
memorial
of
should
call
there."
me
The
him,
undergraduate,as
new
have
to
was
shall have
much
as
liberal allowance.
Flamen,
the
would
interestingto
unhappily this
we
know
Rome
is that
not
were
writes
of the
this
three young
I hear, will
shall
to
live
at
be
the
more
their
know
the amount,
All
"
liberal father,
[whom
Athens
expense
at
he
the
than
as
It
but
that
in
men
young
more.
He
sons."
recovered.
richest
have
men
at
allow
be
cannot
"
much
Publilius,as
as
Lentulus
be
we
I will guarantee,"
"
that
none
names] who,
same
he
time
will be
LIFE
ROMAN
34
able
to
were
the
do
Rome.
will
at
incomings
to
"
certain
his studies
for
generallyto
taken
himself
to
Helen.
Near
the poet
express
Plato.
about
three
but
money,
or
it had
of successive
one
famous
Lyceum.
legend of
Theseus
four hundred
be
small
pounds
Aristotle, Theophrastus,and
This
Another
had
spot,
represented
enlarged by
Aristotle had
sacred inclosure,
may
lecture-room.
Here
was
but
benefactors.
he
pride it was
Eleusis, Plato
was
been
that
Academus
or
to
which
Horace,
mean
whose
the sage
It
He
would
road
which
probably
philosophical
pursuits
his grove,
adjoinedthe
the
among
phrase by
Athens.
strictlyit
bought a garden.
purchased for a sum
by
he
think
not
truth
is the
at
be the successonof
which
"rents"
properties at
I do
"
CICERO.
These
contemporary,
it
attached
from
seek
of Academus
describes
to
To
"
famous
uses
rents."
OF
ings,
something of the universitybuildspeak,which the young Cicero found
Athens,
more
YS
horse."
know
groves
DA
Only," he adds,
want
so
those
on
"
We
THE
IN
of
ality
liber-
the
then
was
the
was
taught,and
after him,
our
after
a
long
UNDERGRADUATE.
ROMAN
of the
of thinkers
succession
he
and
their benefit
school.
same
kind
same
bequeathed
to
the garden
was
assembled
had
Epicurus
which
and
35
his disciples,
for
trustees
successors
the
nobler
buildingsmust
have
been
rather
than
of
Roman
and
places.
It
with these
was
temples of gods
that he
of
goodness
worship Jupiteror
was
better
duty
as
citizen ; his
his
it,was
Athens
what
him
to
the
"
teacher
Land
of this
something
had
We
of the
might be his
real religion,
as
is
been
Piso
Quintus,
and
a
agreed
among
he
with
me,
Atticus, and
Zeno.
describes
Antiochus
to
and
Lucius
to
him
followingpassage
wont
cousin, in affection
ourselves
or
in the school
was
To
Athens, but
to
listening
Academics)
was
the
there
stand
under-
we
Cicero
us.
feelingin
to
the
necessary
Plato
only what
not
with
make
not
it
for
holy
life.
his
did
dens
gar-
as
what
purity in
reverence
was
Holy
connected
Romulus
though
man,
a
and
these
sort
my
(a
called
lecture.
brother
Cicero, by
a
finish
brother.
our
lationship
re-
We
afternoon
36
LIFE
ROMAN
walk
in the
was
the proper
with
met
we
; and
solitude
the
said Piso,
by
'
than
touched
have
have
written
not
we
to
bring
him
up
which
who
"
that I
we
have
had been
burstingin
in which
after
Xenocrates
lies there
close
of
me
"
as
nightof
this
we
we
place;
hand
at
here
Here
spake
his
disciple
belonged
This
at
eyes.
my
us.'
was
was,
in
converted,
more
affected
am
lectured
indeed
before
spots
far
are
Plato, who
of
remind
Polemo
to
through
or
thingsthat
something that they
we
it,'
of the
hear
before
Is
'
the very
see
lived
read
first who
instinct
we
have
or
only to
which
sought.
natural
walls
and
we
I think
told, the
are
Gate
which
It is thus
this moment.
the six
when
thence,
traversed
the
At
reason
men
done,
they
place
that hour.
the Double
that when
famous
where
that
Piso's house
entering
some
delusion
some
CICERO.
OF
at
at
lie between
there
YS
talk,we
varied
furlongsthat
the Academy
can
DA
be crowded
to
time
occupied
THE
because
Academy, chiefly
not
sure
IN
was
this
seat
the Polemo
should
say,
revel upon
of
discoursing
when,
lecture
temper-
ROMAN
38
have
LIFE
IN
and
obeyed
THE
DA
reformed.
misdoings
freed-man,
in
letter
OF
CICERO.
We
which
hope
may
he expresses
at
for
to
This
genuine.
was
YS
picture of
is his
"
on
am
tippus,livingwith
pupil.
Not
but
beg
often
him
This
can.
to
has
he often
that
in the
looks
life,he
we
is yet
do
lodging for
help his
I have
with
so
in upon
light,
de-
the
as
geniality
I spend whole days
me
habitual
us
at
; he
night;
often
as
he
as
with
him
when
dinner
lays aside
the
him
poverty
strict
to
Cassius, and
as
is his
delightfulcompanion.
most
philology.
close
out
us
for Bruttius, he
entirelybanish
in
begun
than
son
not
daily studies
As
fashion.
pleasantest
leaves me
; frugal and
never
with
dine
become
of the
sternness
no
expecting him
not
are
For
as
I hear
am
him, and
for I
we
only do
more
greatlytaken
is peculiarto the man.
which
with
him
by
of my
mirth
I have
; and
own
do
to
have
my
narrow
our
hired
best
means.
declamation
practiceGreek
wish
from
Latin
course
to
with
Bruttius.
with
who
first man
is the
pleasantwords
some
farm, and
a
I also
highly approves.
crates,
and
friends
My
daily
panions
com-
Cratippus brought
pupilswhom
Mitylene,well-read men, of whom
from
him
39
the
are
he
UNDERGRADUATE.
ROMAN
whom
he
bought a
find turned
to
expects
had
Epi-
After
Athens."
at
Tiro, who
to
of
much
see
into
with
his
and
bailiff,
pocket from
dessert, he says,
would
if you
send
much
had
sent
son
devoted
to
man
young
devoted
would
Among
Cicero
was,
to
have
the
as
is
than
those
him
not
friends
the
young
I found
son,
and
steadiness.
I
say
in Athens
your
your
studies
Cicero, that
; there
to
notes."
of
"
glad
I have
reputation for
dear
be
possible
my
laudable
most
in his
of Cicero's
one
excellent
please you
more
you
the
fancy,my
lovable
writingout
his father.
to
to
enjoying an
Don't
I should
satisfactoryreport
behavior
man's
"
by preference.
before
time
fruit-seeds
quickly as
as
pains on
short
me
Greek
copyist,a
spend
puttingby
a
nor
high pursuits in
this
more
one
which
interested."
contemporaries
has been
of the
young
40
ROMAN
His
had
been
had
not
been
taken
serve
LIFE
him
studies
he says,
of
"
much
taught how
the
Homer,
just as
Eton
Harrow.
or
added
be
might
and
able
It
was
And
English youth
goes
lot,"
had
amongst
harmed
read
his
him
at
reads
the
just in
to
read
the
be
to
Athens," he goes
Kind
on
In
of
and
to the end
learning,
distinguishrightfrom
Academus."
to
my
of Achilles
words, he
truth
for
seek
to
"
to
"
English boy
an
books
Pompey.
Rome,
at
up
other
littlemore
his
He
regular course
lad.
the wrath
In
Greeks.
the
see
CICERO.
boyhood.
officer under
be bred
to
OF
from
away
Roman
YS
DA
studious
accordinglywe
the
"
THE
more
cavalry
as
IN
on,
that I
wrong,
of
groves
same
the
way
philosophy
at
Oxford.
The
interrupted by
which
took
followed
service
the
same
the
with
two
men
young
death
Brutus,
of
answering more
our
own
army.
ornamental
favor
or
of the
less
Csesar.
both
It
nearlyto
was,
were
civil war
the
cause,
that
however,
general in command,
They
having
same
in
the
of
studies
the
command
of colonel
mainly
sometimes
sometimes
an
by
ROMAN
by
The
popular vote.
already served,
had
himself
he
and
the
party
indeed
distinguished
considerable
When
him.
crushed
cesses
suc-
cavalry which
of the
gave
were
Cicero
now
some
command
afterwards
Brutus
41
young
winning
greatly,
in the
of
UNDERGRADUATE.
the
hopes
Phillippi,he
at
in Sicily;
Pompey
joined the younger
which
took an opportunity of an amnesty
four
offered
afterwards
years
Here
he
must
fellow-student, who
had
Rome.
the
to
victorious
collegeof
the
have
He
in
also
and
B.C.
found
his
old
one
of
commissioner
the honour
he had
30
to
himself
made
was
was
return
also reconciled
party.
augurs,
to
but
of
Augustus himself.
dispatchannouncing the
to
was
him
that
fallen chief.
orderingof
to
heaven
inflicted
His
time
Asia,
at
last
Antony
execute
"Then,"
was
Syria ;
of
the destruction
ordered
to
death
him
it fell to
the
the
by
says
and
according
thus
decree
the
to
which
of the
statues
punishment
of office ended, he
or,
the
of all the
delivered
was
some
disappears from
Antony
of Cicero."
house
went
of
as
Governor
accounts,
our
view.
to
LIFE
ROMAN
42
Pliny
Elder
the
sarcastically
himself
able
hardest
is
the
he
pa,
the
tells
swallow
clearly
of
of
and
man
the
it the
the
the
in
sought
of
the
of
Cicero
of
wine
we
at
may
of
being
story
draught
disbelieve
that
Agrip-
Marcus
and
utation
rep-
being
anecdote,
other
Emperor,
avenge
the
As
time.
head
Rome.
to
him
younger
pints
drunkard,
enjoyed
perhaps
at
to
he
CICERO.
was
robbing
the
with
cup
he
before
twelve
son-in-law
greatest
had
incredible,
whole,
threw
by
he
that
us
OF
YS
DA
that
drinker
he
to
tells
Antony
on
which
THE
observing
which
the
IN
after
him
CHAPTER
IN
absolute
82
Asia
and
that
called,
various
who
B.C.
rebelled
the
in
belonged
to
them.
the
of
the
party
leader
he
and
of
had
then
the
But
the
war
in
the
and
just
had
Asia
thinking
nobles,
himself
he
her,
the
as
called
against
at
Rome,
first century
that
the
was
Marius
people.
his
were
they
which
privileges
leader
was
of
the
Once
before
the
capital
in
supreme
used
was
the
in
who
with
of
he
of
and
they
as
part
was
in Africa
Rome,
treaties
rights
He
nations,
And
party
made
he
Italian
early
of
of
of my
part
man.
allies,"
made
became
victories
won
"
against
robbed
were
had
not
this
of
enemies
the
is
times
and
had
the
over
Sulla
It is
history
the
over
itself
Italy
Rome.
who
soldier
great
Cornelius
B.C.,
give
to
DICTATOR.
THE
OF
of
master
purpose
a
DAYS
THE
November
IN
III.
power
away
Mithridates,
with
to
ation.
modercarry
the
on
great
LIFE
ROMAN
44
IN
THE
King
of Pontus
; and
upper
hand, and
had
cruelly.
DA
OF
his enemies
used
the
terrible list of
YS
CICERO.
had
got the
opportunity most
because
it was
proscription,"
posted up in the
and a
forum, was
prepared. Fifty senators
thousand
knights (peers and gentlemen we
should call them) were
put to death, almost all
"
without
of them
outlawed.
was
he
had
led
he
; and
spring of 83.
landed
in the
of
followingyear,
the
of Rome,
The
and
opposing army
Sulla
had
waited
for
Senate
had
power
to
passed a
change
decree
laws,
State, and
to
deal with
of citizens
as
it might
he entered
Rome.
The
the
at
November
the
walls
war.
to
came
He
city tillthe
givinghim
fillthe
please him.
of
the
his mercy.
Then
chief
Italy,and
absolutely
destroyed
thing
the
to
In
days outside
few
with
was
every
to
just outside
fought the
was
which
army
enriched
back
hastened
He
triumph.
self
him-
entirelydevoted
was
inclined
not
an
had
and
which
was
of trial. Sulla
he had
But
victory
to
prize-money,and
him
kind
any
absolute
offices of
properties
This
another
his enemies,
done,
scription
pro-
Marius.
46
marriage,had
when
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
of
DA
the courage
would
there
THE
be
CICERO.
OF
in
public
to
ask him
to
this terrible
end
an
YS
state
do
have
with
away
resolved
the
spare."
to
least,"said Metellus,
to
mean
the
tyrant.
punish."
It
Plutarch
denounced
against any
the life of
of death
for his
for
murderers
received
slave who
for each
The
that
proscribed were
infamous
and
Nor
cities of
that
was
it
victim
to
the
sons
their
the
paid
who
son
to
killed
thing of all,it
and
declared
grandsons
be legally
to
property
it only in Rome
Italythat
talents
two
; it was
no
The
parent.
of
payment
or
ment
punishmade
He
or
son,
He
"
the
humanity.
or
that
shelter
might
monstrous
most
thought,was
of the
who
mother,
replied
terrible time
describes
his father.
was
thus
whom
I will do,"
That
Then
"
tell us
can
proscribedperson
exemption
(about ^4/0)
"
spare."
you
you
yet certain,"
not
am
"
indeed
was
followed.
save
I shall
"
you
"
whom
those
anxiety of
Sulla, whom
answered
at
"
"
was
but
was
proscription
cated.
confisin all the
carried
THE
IN
There
out.
but
not
was
the
slaughteredin
but
was
who
small
in
this
man
'
of their
or
Aurelius, a
sake
might well
of
have
of
the death
his
he had
the
found
in it his
'
own
name.
'
been
my
ruin ;
steps before
'
he
he
and
was
followinghim.
wicked.
especially
own
brother.
began. He
name
might
This
went
be
put
Sulla
was
shown
Lucius
He
not
the
it was
by
his
so
man
that
Catiline's conduct
murdered
had
Sulla and
in
many
gone
by
before
was
to
had
that I
that has
Alba
at
down
cut
was
Unfortunate
farm
am,' he said, it is my
to
for the
has been
were
the number
this share
was
hatred
and
with
way
sons
the number
anger
murderers
fine mansion
His
were
wives, and
And
to
of the
house
Husbands
comparison
The
their property.
:
blood.
arms
out
put
47
singletemple,not
fell victims
who
were
said
DICTATOR.
of their mothers.
arms
of those
THE
OF
pollutedwith
was
in the
YS
DA
the
proscription
begged
list
his
as
that the
if the
man
put. His
gratitude
killingone
Marius,
48
ROMAN
LIFE
who
belonged to
his head
Sulla
was
in
men
in the
are
said
of
June,
of
terror
have
to
look
makes
to
was
I shall
into
live
at
to
The
the
events
many
The
been
of
he
was
was
the
the first
Still the
the
as
reign
strange
amply prove.
particularcase
imagine
to
days
of
pages
what
it
really
of the Dictator
generaldescription.
impressive because
more
after
had
order
supposed
to
been
be proceeding
regularcourse.
to
an
same
murdered
year
in the
returning
home
has
end,
as
81.
In the
of
Roscius
as
of
proscription came
autumn
station,
last,on
end,
things were
in their
knights,
relate will
happened
and
At
an
in the
Rome
than
restored
read
at
now
able
hundred
closed.
details
the
better
us
yet
his hands
of obscure
perished.
not
was
popular
temple of Apollo."
men
many
story which
To
as
forum.
most
done, he washed
sixteen
than
in the
of the
one
and
more
CICERO.
of the
senators
OF
sat
holy water-basin
Forty
and
was
This
Rome.)
he
as
kinsman
leader, and
YS
DA
oppositefaction,and bringing
the
to
(This Marius
THE
IN
certain
streets
from
Sextus
of Rome
dinner.
SENATOR.
IN
DAYS
THE
Roscius
was
Etruria, between
of
Rome.
He
families
Since
safe from
he had
any
he
who
enemies
death.
his
to
had
known
The
murder
desired
and
Capito,was
as
evening.
Rome
with
the
next
the house
was
the
livingat
news,
at
; the
home
and
Ameria
murdered
in
other, who
Ameria.
o'clock
seven
such
haste
placebefore
Strangelyenough
of the
of
immediately left
made
the
Titus
the time
at
about
messenger
he reached
day.
not
profit
certain
was
folk
kins-
own
would
who
at
committed
was
that
lived
had
his
of these,
One
in the
Ameria
he
among
Magnus,
residingat Rome
was
service.
good
power
Roscius, surnamed
the murder
in its less
indeed
rendered
to
the
wealthy, and
was
noblest
the
he had
indeed
culture, and
evidentlyconsidering himself,
Rome,
at
north
possessed,
of
some
town
he belonged
politics
its restoration
much
by
of
In
days
prosperous
little
and
taste
some
49
sixtymiles
the
as
of
Rome.
at
Ameria,
wealthy man,
friend
intimate
an
DICTATOR.
and
fifty
was
seem,
THE
of
native
of
it would
OF
he
man's
charge
went
son,
to
dawn
to
who
of his farms,
50
ROMAN
but
of
LIFE
the
hostile
days
afterwards
their
way
kinsman
had
Greek
freedman
him
to
if he
secure
deceased, it
of
them
lawful
the
the
way.
popular man,
heir, could
was
yet
Rome,
the
it would
three
was
be
be
particular
case,
was
included
had
was
followed
his
to
deal.
to
so
the
as
sold
the
by
purchased by Chrysogonus.
between
of
simple farmer,
to
wholly unknown
and
treated
was
the
and
Ultimately
The
tion
proscriptake
speak, to
name
of
property
auction.
The
and sixtythousand
fifty
in
Roscius
All
proscribed,and
was
And
well-known
son,
easy
revived,
this
his wealth
Tiber.
into alliance.
entered
to
the
of
large sum
farms, nearly all
out
outcry
no
The
them.
easilybe got
a
affairs,and
of
the
plained
ex-
could
they
prey
left
to
disappearance. With
ignorant
valuable
down
Roscius
Dictator, and
only help
had
thirteen
running
son,
rich
would
seems,
and
money
how
Chrysogonus,
one
the
of
Three
Magnus made
Sulla (he was
sieging
beEtrurian
town).
with
interview
an
CICERO.
and
of
camp
OF
Capito.
Volaterrae, another
They
YS
DA
Capito
the
to
THE
IN
of
It
the
was
real value
pounds.
LIFE
ROMAN
52
the
effect,and
same
their
had
object
Ameria.
THE
IN
There
of
they
had
the
been
attained, returned
of
was
trio
this purpose
course
thus
the
conveyed
was
he
where
The
made.
father.
the
Some
him, and
to
to
intention
no
deal with
to
was
dealt with
CICERO.
deputation,satisfied that
the promises
fulfilling
idea
OF
YS
DA
of
first
son
as
hint
of
he
fled
hospitablyentertained
by Csecilia,a wealthy lady of the family of
Rome,
to
Metellus, and
who
indeed
now
safe from
the
audacious
bore
the
accused
same
of
step
out
was
some
a
man
to
no
which
the
other
temper,
the
no
who
spent
polishedcircles
very
great
in
him
of
take
the
been
of
occupations
father, on
His
a
of
man
his
and
manner,
the rustic
much
time
genial
among
Capitol. If there
of the
between
discrepancyof
little intercourse.
to
was
Outrageous as it seems,
promise of success.
of singularly
reserved
positiveestrangement
was
resolved
devoted.
hand, had
he
As
accusing
thoughtsbeyond
his life was
Sulla's wife,
to
name.
boorish
related
violence, it was
held
plan
The
therefore
of his father.
murder
the
was
tastes,
This
was
them, there
and
it would
probably
be easy
IN
to
THE
YS
DA
into
exaggerate
OF
THE
committed
of
some
first time
that
and
trial,
to
be inclined
as
would
such
Sulla.
of
it
the necessary
The
of
themselves
to
none
of the
time
were
Cicero, however,
wanted
from
It
; and
his
the form
was
son,
for
was
had
the
guiltof
person
who
of the
take
satisfied of
were
and
exerted
they
him
conspicuous
to
ever
what-
it.
an
much
so
willing
and
he would
that
father
the
more
jurywould
secure
secure
Sulla
defense.
to
the
brought
case,
the
was
mitted
com-
was
the condemnation
of the
innocence
the
imply
to
had
year,
This
any
hoped
was
means
friends
past
hoped
He
by
profitmost
accused, and
of Roscius
sons.
severity. In
of the
murders
many
probable that
it was
be
not
plausible
alleged culpritwas
was
favorite
the
by
the evidence, it
would
a
them
an
to
that
the
during
53
circumstances
murder
closelyresembling the
TOR.
like
something
under the
charge,especially
It was
case.
beyond doubt
been
DICTA
efficient
dreaded
of the
orators
undertake
the courage
that
the
which
task.
they
speech,probably littlealtered
in which
horrible
he delivered
crime
of which
it,remains.
his client
54
ROMAN
was
accused, and
awful
the
LIFE
known
IN
the
law.
not
being one who was
light; shoes of wood were
that they might not
touch
sack
four animals
which
all that
most
was
dog, a
he
was
Cicero
undertaken
had
worthy
of
into the
was
; the
cock,
this
the
was
strange
river
nearest
pany
comor
sea.
he had
betters
which
case
It
was
speak
they
could
not
could
choose
facts in
was
but
with
impunity when
be silent.
for
resolve
He
of
of
parricide.They
son
his
had
then
Roscius,
the fruitless
of the
Sulla, the flight
audacious
was
insignificant
more
detail,the murder
of his property,
he
because
not
they,and
indict him
He
which
ape,
In
man.
than
the
the earth.
the
and
he
and
the
his feet
put upon
contempt
to
see
its want
declined.
the seizure
to
supposed to symbolize
and depraved
the
hideous
thrown
gives the
wolf's skin,
ot
objectof
imitation
face of
were
poisonous viper;
base
most
"
common
proverbialfor
the
The
with
as
CICERO.
OF
punishment
covered
was
YS
DA
the Roman
to
guiltyman
THE
to
tation
depu-
Rome,
enemies
murdered
to
IN
THE
DAYS
him
Scaevola.
of his
him
accused
When
indict
be stabbed
indicted
man
the
to
has
been
Not
of age.
an
No
him.
"
so
For
; he
by
nothing. Well,"
did
him."
Why
"
reply,
"
he
"
you
he
I cannot
was
what
do
some
say,
their hands,
A
"
say.
worthless
panions."
com-
fortyyears
drove
he
young
him
never
to
goes
certainlyowes
dislike
say ;
to
His
Roscius.
than
more
and
but
exactlywhy
is
entertainment,
at
allowinghimself
indicted
is
as
selves,
them-
asked
This
away
and
that he
escaping from
led
I suppose,
thing
stabbed
found
Roscius
it."
of
not
heart.
have
the confederates
crime
for
The
Scsevola
was
blameless
so
what
For
one.
He
Fimbria
likelyto live, he
man,
the crime
mad
stab
to
of what
"
madman,
not
were
mony,
patri-
Fimbria
absolute
an
of Marius.
killed.
of
story
ruffian
some
the funeral
you
the
all who
by
got
not
of
Fimbria,
allowed
was
you
him
55
reminded
to
robbed
they
now
DICTATOR.
of
"
THE
OF
him?
but
he
"That,"
certainly
56
ROMAN
kept
one
after
kept
THE
DA
an
his
other
with
CICERO.
Surely
him
give
him."
this
the
But," you
"
estate.
OF
farms."
his
fine
YS
him, and
punishment, to
strange
so
IN
with
son
look
to
of
LIFE
the prosecutor,
have
who
know
to
you
read
play
and
one
the country
one
other
who
the
took
'
to
say.'
it'
him
and
do
Did
Ah
Jived
To
not
made
did
is it
It is
country
the
what
not
plow
'
the
Why?
Well, he
say
the land
covet
so
'
it is cultivated
say,
him.'
he
? And
when
did
'
the
was
from
he disinherit him
whom
it
yet
son,
when
Rome
in
but,' you
him
sons,
that the
in the country
Dictator
two
reallyhis
not
was
live in the
did
in
true-born, and
disinherit
stopped
had
remember
you
him
land, but
own
others.
Who
who
men
their
with
disgraceto
they
father
and
Still you
remember
you
the
was
true-born
such
allowed
was.
how
lived with
who
the
Do
to
sarcasm
never
father
your
books.
Caecilius'
kept
Providence
"
he
"
listen
charge
repeat,
Now
"
is
of
father intended
'
cannot
thinkingof
'To
no
one.'
THE
IN
YS
DA
Surely,"cries Cicero,
justiceand
and
wanton
most
only
this is
"
does
TOR.
the laws
abuse
to
57
not
and
the basest
chargeswhich
make
to
but
cannot
DICTA
dignityin
your
way,
THE
OF
he
attempt
even
not
to
establish."
livelydescriptionof
"It was
really
prosecutor'sdemeanor.
Shortlyafter
the
while, if
worth
man's
his
one
defense.
had
When
he found
that when
then
in
give him
orders, I
this
if it
were
an
it
was
called
gentlemen, that
and
no
careless
sat
absolute
to
one
he continued
down,
servant,
in which
court
case.
speakers
so
him, he
suppose,
that
became
took
last he
to
criminal
about, sometimes
treated
certainly
sittingas
it, he
humor
whether
of the usual
none
was
engaged for
thought,for I
never
in
who
saw
asked
was
before
that
the
walked
he
me
concerned
were
to
Of
spoken
never
he
one
an
conducting
was
benches, he
such
or
he
as
it that when
these
sittingon
the
you
I take
an
indifference
utter
case.
such
comes
solitude.
end.
an
to
breathe
else.
to
are
you
At
rose
again
noticed,
laugh and
be
58
ROMAN
LIFE
THE
IN
DA
I got
as
and
touched
him, and
time, and
ceased
never
forwards,
From
to
was
some
to
oppose
would
in
one
be ; that
the
sham
the
so
parricide,
have
the very
There
was
found
that
and
the
case
murdered
same
slave
sale
of
or
two
room.
free man,
at
case
was
disregarded,
power
whole
the
ion
opin-
this
"
is the
evidence
to
of
it.
being
man
men,
who
must
support
both
young
charge
crime,
where
one
gracefu
dis-
generallywas
Tarracina
sons,
tion
atten-
common
in the chamber
No
tured
ven-
imagined it
speaker,
monstrous
strongest
his
sleeping,
the
he
giving their
Then," continued
"
the
as
was
of
cause,
that
goods was
confederacy grievously
people were
the
to
and
who
country
than
have
men
I suppose,
pleasure,that
the
being exposed,
second
time
Chrysogonus,
his
had
what
saw
name
that
that
briskly backwards
run
tell
to
himself
friend roused
my
repeated the
third.
As
Chrysogonus.
evidentlyastonished.
was
there
him
to
CICERO.
OF
YS
he
was
being in
likelyto
have
60
ROMAN
fore he
have
must
the hands
Were
free
How
did
yet you
him
accuse
There
they belonged
accused.
of the
now.
poor
It
It
who
was
in Rome
he
was
familiar with
to
Ameria,
at
speed
and
but
might expect,
for that he
What
was
an
of
to
he
deputation that
went
was
then
of the murder
; and
Remember
he
to
when
to
I ask
And
Capito
be
famous
sent
Sulla
too
the
news
the
son,
his
accomplice;
accomplice is evident
else could
them
guilt.
deed
is rich.
which
it,not
sent
the
profited.He
assassins.
with
; but
to
your
maxim
who
the time
he
we
he
now
deed
produce
profitedby the
before, and
they
they
not
prove
the
was
Magnus
was
the strange
that
indeed
matter.
lawyer, Ask:
would
if
are
the
saw
not
you
they
ask,
confederate
do
Why
It is there
again
the
to
Purely because
"
of evidence, and
parricide. And
of
were
is the
Where
shred
they
from, where
come
slaves who
two
were
If
he hire them?
slaves, where,
were
it
they
others
these
were
slaves?
or
haven't
You
proof?
CICERO.
OF
Who
did
YS
DA
done
men
where
men
live?
THE
of others.
they
free
IN
LIFE
he
so
at
as
one
enough.
cheated
the
Volaterrae
"
then
Cicero
when
"
See
enjoyment
own
suburbs, and
is both
His
near.
and
of Corinth
ware
famous
when
at
they
Delos,
heard
the
that
And
what
think
of
purple,and
colored
scarce
in
marbles
could
be
and
how
piledtogether
and
not
speak
I describe
varied
of
are
with
that
he
ers-by,
pass-
the
out
farm
quantities,
lets
cover-
and
statues,
I tell you,
quantities,
! Such
establishments.
should
be
plate,and
pictures, and
of tumult
time
wealthy
why
he has of embossed
you,
veniently
con-
the
clerk call
sold.
not
which
apparatus,
it must
being
the
in
them
among
that
was
for his
and
highestbid, supposed
which
sion
man-
is crowded
house
price so high
has
he
handsome
self-acting
cooking
latelybought
his fine
besides, and
estate
an
but
stood
he
delightfulretreat
many
of them
one
ing,
surpris-
of Rome,
master
Yes, and
the Palatine.
on
is
high
from
down
comes
which
how
the absolute
of
he
how
boldness
and
Chrysogonus,
to
remember
we
favor
the
in
turned
with
him
attacked
61
UNDERGRADUATE.
ROMAN
its
in
one
mansion
rapine from
And
how
many
his household
many
it
"
numbers,
accomplishments?
ordinary domestics,
as
I do
62
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
THE
DA
enjoyment
of
that
men
again with
the
whole
CICERO.
OF
for
Why,
such
he has
ears
the
YS
the
mere
multitude
echoes
neighborhood
of
dailymusic
and harpsingers,
and with the uproar
players,and flute-players,
of his nightlybanquets. What
dailyexpenses,
what
extravagance,
there
as
be in such
must
be these
costlymust
indeed, held
do
a
I say, and
place
of
not
gentlemen, how
the
and
in such
house
for
his hair
dripping with
he looks
one
can
himself
one
about
fashionablyarranged
; what
to
rich and
him
one,
every
compared
be
the
upon
of
see,
you
"
where
every
perfumes
down
house,
kind
every
"
quets,
ban-
of wickedness,
himself
man
he bustles
forum, with
this ! how
! Creditable
manufactory
men,
gentle-
banquets
for the
as
life as
entertainment
? And
crime
well know,
you
crowd
; you
thinks
of
see
no
himself, fancies
powerful
in
man
Rome?"
The
juryseems
of courage
the
from
accused.
recovered
the
It is
to
not
his property.
known
But
whether
as
he
ever
Sulla retired
IN
from
year
the
THE
DA
in
power
after,
villains
to
we
the
may
whom
disgorge
YS
OF
DICTATOR.
THE
following
hope
he
some
had
and
year,
that
the
least
died
favorites
sheltered
at
63
were
of
their
the
and
pelled
com-
gains.
IV.
CHAPTER
ROMAN
all
OF
the
the
base
and
commanded
be
the
for
The
fact
temple
plundered
private
he
boldly
the
was
high
office
been
for
one
highest.
he
at
the
man,
What
as
house,
murdered
of
home
and
courage,
he
might
Roman
little
he
sagacity,
citizens
he
zen
citi-
in
fact,
the
to
rose
had
and
had
he
and
risen
he
as
cruel,
yet
abroad,
have
He
scruple
most
And
were
justice,
foreigner
the
mitted
com-
them.
murdered
men.
he
if it
perverted
audacious,
most
shameless
most
of
he
as
that
denied
never
baser
was
belief
our
with
plundered
as
he
friends,
his
betrayed
that
one
crimes
beyond
Sulla
which
not
in
profit
plunderings
Verres.
would
not
found
permitted,
or
Caius
who
creatures
massacers
than
MAGISTRATE.
it
not
eloquence
to
the
very
sometimes,
and
subjects,it
Roman
often
endure
to
which
MAGISTRATE.
ROMAN
we
enabled
are
be
is to
be
may
65
from
seen
the
of
draw
to
feared, very
picture
Roman
magistrate.
Roman
politicians
began publiclife as quaestors.
(A quaestor was an officialwho managed
for
matters
money
governor
of
quaestors
under
Rome,
and
by lot.)
Cilicia with
it
not
which
rich.
Delos.
quaestor in Gaul
; he
was
his
in Asia
Delos
in these
in
Europe,
perpetrated
was
governor,
known
of
in
all
the
over
time
art,
on
the great
still
were
perhaps, of
audacious,
most
was
or
bezzled
em-
quaestor in
works
; and
them
and
opportunity. This
only, but
at
these
island
of
the world
the island of
the
was
shrines
Verres
He
assignedto
were
The
elected
were
Dolabella, a like-minded
money
robberies
it
was
more
or
one
They
publicmoney
cities,whether
as
him.
used
diligently
was
had
province
their posts
Verres
the
and
higher magistrates.Every
was
was
to
strippedthe temple
such
considerations.
66.
ROMAN
ind
loaded
the
with
to
office,was
safe
was
to
departure
the
The
statues
On
his
return
ship
cast
sea
be
was
scarcely
wrecked,
was
subsided
storm
storm
sail in such
the shore.
upon
to
it
governor's
became
them
replacedin
as
so
suddenly
these
gave
evidence
he
he used
that
two
thus
so
or
to
his
profuselyin
three
years
peached
im-
against him,
cause
secured
was
characteristic
With
convincingas
But
guilty.
Do\abella
Rome
to
extortion.
Verres
evidence
votes
terrible
set
town
found
the
whom
arisen.
baseness
of
To
his
after
with
a
the
though
governor,
person
Verres'
ordered
for
and
lucky
it was
question. The
the
that
temple,and
But
were
governor
hired
not
was
Then
it had
of the
out
habitable.
and
he
impeached
delayed.
high
so
not
upon
was
was
indeed
as
be
remonstrate.
suddenlyburst
weather
he had
islanders,though
and
of the governor,
of
CICERO.
proceedingsmight
term
OF
to
doing
the
The
it.
discovered
venture
his
this time
But
secure
YS
DA
shipwhich
merchant
booty.
enough
they had
THE
IN
LIFE
own
the
verdict
of
gains,
purchase
afterwards
he
68
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
THE
wards.
of the
young
into his
before
"
that
"
has
the
guardian
the
contract
temple
guardian
in
was
the
to
appear
thing,"he asked,
any
made
him
of
property
in
difficulty
no
not
require of
to
the
as
the
Is there
ward
your
ought
we
arrangedthat
Junius should take
was
CICERO.
friends,that much
been
summoned
him.
OF
of the
out
repair,there
Verres
way.
YS
of his
hands, and,
own
excellent
DA
good, and
?
"
which
"
and
thing is quite right; all the statues
offeringsare there, and the fabric is in excellent
the praetor's
point of view this
repair." From
"
every
he
satisfactory
; and
not
was
determined
; the
"What
is to
satellites.
nothing
for
"
be
buildingin
done
?" he
Well," said
you
went
the best
the
of
with
cellent
ex-
repair.
of his
one
"
man,
there
"
perpendicular?
Verres, who
was
knew
explainedto
what
do
nothing of
him
that
you
mean
be
to
?" said
architecture.
it very
is
here, except
the
to
ceilingwas
asked
meddle
to
he
on
seldom
It
hap-
ROMAN
pened
that
69
MAGISTRATE.
column
absolutelytrue
was
the
to
"
accordingly
Notice
Disturbed
guardians.
loss
an
their ward's
to
interview
family
with
of
remonstrated
The
praetor showed
one
had
only
way
deal
to
with
ceeding.
pro-
The
in vain.
was
way,
all who
to
the
signs of relenting.
no
yet remained
known
remonstrance
and
him,
upon
iniquityof
the
noble
the
of
One
waited
against
they sought
property,
Verres.
Marcellus
inite
of indef-
the prospect
at
lad's
the
to
sent
was
There
well
too
him,
of
be
obtainingtheir object. Application must
made
of
freedwoman
to his mistress
(a Greek
of Chelidon
the name
The
or
Swallow"). If
"
she could
case
as
and
be
induced
such
must
course
honor,
have
be
to
seeking
begging
take
It
was
favors
it.
interest
an
done.
been
they resolved,
don's house.
were
take
their ward,
were
to
Degrading
to
of rank
men
in the
They
in the
interest of
went
to
Cheli-
the
for decisions
cases.
Some
prsetor.
in their favor;
"
want
some
posses-
LIFE
ROMAN
70
sion,"cried
from
The
the
THE
He
"
one.
DA
YS
must
OF
of
demand
be
must
cried
third.
assignedto me,"
fourth.
let him
Don't
"
judgment againstme,"
property
CICERO.
not
pronounce
"
IN
Some
was
counting
were
out
; others
money
after
was
for Chelidon's
begged
a
very
substantial
The
day
and
would
hear
how
be
any
This
pounds.
resolved
that
auction, and
should
have
he failed.
bid
Of
an
did
no
notice
best
the
next
could
be
of
large sum
the
proceeding,
compromise.
the
that
of it.
two
contract
the
to
guardians
Here, however,
the auction
lowest
sand
thou-
rejected.Verres
put up
They attended
course
of
againwas
his
what
They
nothing
offer of about
he would
the
succeeded.
that
refused
resolutely
made
again
that
sure
lady
to
had
out
next
The
do
willingly
come
got
They
she
felt
to
was
money
and
talk
found
Verres
done.
would
deputation must
again,but
came
tation,
depu-
assistance,and promised
consideration.
gracious. She
The
admitted
to
waiting awhile, were
Their spokesman explainedthe
the presence.
case,
signingbonds.
bidder
and
made
ought
to
have
been
ROMAN
knocked
accept it. He
at
priceof
this
and
little was
fact very
were
pulleddown
same
stones.
the
be wanted
His
governor
successor
his stay
and
Italy,
an
years,
harvests
decay
in
dailybread
now
the
that
Rome.
"
Pointed,"
the
some
put in.1
possibly
pounds.
sent
was
should
extended
into which
to
he
wealthiest
wheat-fields
as
have
only, but
the Servile
his
war
in
nearly
crowded
robberies.
of
all the
yielded
had begun
agriculture
Italy,provided no
of
fresh
of cruelties and
fertile
Its
which,
by
years
perhaps
provinces.
and
months
thus
was
incredible number
Sicilywas
to
three
with
again
ended, Verres
detained
was
of
matter
eighthundred
twelve
there
do
of the columns
Sicily. By rightshe
to
remained
three
of office
year
pounds,
less than
was
As
up
out
self
him-
to
whitewashed
were
to
to
willing
sum.
Four
taken
cement
contract
persons
built
and
highestestimate
The
were
done.
Others
old
the
sixth of that
refused
Verres
security
five thousand
than
there
he gave
But
down
more
though
had
well.
work
TE.
TRA
CIS
accepted,so long as
doing the
for
MA
In
its
I suppose.
cities,founded
ROMAN
72
LIFE
of
most
from
YS
DA
several
them
colonists
THE
IN
Greece,
of its states
Some
be the
would
which
and
had
wealth
This
disturbance
years.
The
of
with
more
than
of
the
richer
tapestriesof
artists
images
civilized world.
that
was
privilege
of freedom
the
between
class
not
without
indeed
incessant
neighbors
were
gold
embossed,
the hands
Greece.
all
The
for
the
And
; but
the
over
probably
were
its value.
over
were
costly offerings
Sicilians
hundred
or
known
were
The
terms.
the East, of
of
with
adorned
to
increasingwithout
pictures wrought by
were
querors.
con-
allowed
been
for
famous
most
temples
and
and
statues
it
earlydiscerned
platecunninglychased
silver
of the
been
houses
rich
full of the
its Roman
favorable
on
now
serious
the
the whole
On
had
had
themselves
surrender
and
Others
possessions.
by
in time
their peace
before
accumulated
were
generations.
lightlytreated by
been
CICERO.
centuries
riches of many
had
OF
privilege
indeed
the
The
days
the
lence,
turbu-
partieswere
also
at
an
ROMAN
end.
Men
MAGISTRATE.
left
were
enjoy it without
demands
they were
to
did
not
to
of
accumulate
hindrance.
willingenough
supply their
rulers with
prices lower
in the open
market.
probably
have
ready
will of
governor
in
been
and
museums
and
custom
dealt with
place.
Let
it suffice
himself
and
his
the
soil and
the way
to
of
doings were
to
say
ruin both
the
good
a
noisseur
con-
from
the
to
as
of
he
province is
that he
enriched
at
the
the cultivators
of
who
capitalists
As
publicrevenue.
of
the
be told in this
came,
both
story of how
on
to
the possessions
privatecitizens,his
emphaticallysummed
he
the
of followers
Roman
temples and
prosecutor when
been
they would
all bounds
greedy troop
he
quantity
presents
The
least
pelled
com-
himself
wheat-growers of
and complicated to
of absolute
at
picturegalleries.But
the
cost
meet.
have
secure
handsome
of endurance.
tedious
farmed
to
exceeded
of Verres
exactions
And
fancied
who
with
art
could
than
obtained
too
to
fixed
and
moderate
Any
not
at
corn
their
wealth
complain,for instance, or
complain aloud, that they were
did
They
to
73
we
up
by
his
shall afterwards
74
ROMAN
see,
to
be
of
ware,
article of
there
single jewel
on
in all those
singlepieceof
of
Corinthian
or
pearl,a single
or
which
canvas,
This
is
he did
the sake
how
of rhetorical
I say
hunt
not
leave
not
whole
language of
more
singleprivatehouse,
in
no
sacred
even
Sicilian,of
no
speak
I make
the kind
in
but in
the
plain
still:
clearly
; in
town
in
the
of Rome,
citizen
for
not
that this
not
accuser
professional
I will put
profane or
it. It is
singlearticle of
it
Nay,
say, you
that I declare
province.
the
to
exaggerationthat
sweeping assertion,
did
thing
great
Well, mark
think.
Latin.
old-established
and
in the
I affirm that in
towns,
not
was
CICERO.
whether
gold or ivory,a singlepicture,
abstract.
no
panel or
fellow
OF
"
Delian
this
YS
Sicily,
wealthy and
wealthy homes,
up
DA
province as
on
THE
his trial.
put upon
the whole
silver
IN
LIFE
no
place,
of
hands
did
of
of the
more
it may
spoliation
remarkable
be
worth
of these
while
no
he leave
in
to
of
acts
relate.
76
ROMAN
LIFE
for
now-a-days
Angelo
and
and
THE
IN
couple of
of the
two
Correggio,we
wealthy
and
who
value
to
wealthy
dinner.
to
governor
inhabitant
of
He
his
be
to
table
was
silver dish
guest, who
promptly
considered
himself
he
when
the
adorned
sent
to
had
be
plate
the
it back
of
the
with
on
some
play
dis-
the
very
fancy
marvel
considered
it removed,
a
citizen
on
with
It struck
fine medallions.
sell,
to
invited the
Roman
Among
dangerous.
possessions
Tyndaris
and
was
adding dignity
as
was
strous
mon-
owner
temptation
no
to
the
not
Michael
what
have
must
had
known
was
CICERO.
by
imagine
may
who
man,
OF
statues
because
monstrous
YS
masterpiecesof Raphael
DA
of
and
the
who
tion
modera-
medallions
abstracted.
His
a
on
secretary happened
letter which
the
used
bore
composition
for
sealing.
Verres, who
day
one
to
receive
noteworthy impression
of chalk
which
It attracted
inquired from
the Greeks
the attention
what
place it
of
had
that
at
done.
The
his
this
time
not
citizen,but
the power
country,
the
their
mother.
The
the suit,and
to
of
one
of the
Two
intendingto
throne
had
they contended,
matched
had
visited Rome,
to
tributary
of Antiochus,
of Rome.
their claims
prosecute
favorable
Romar
of the
one
before
years
princes had
through
was
proceedingwas to rob,
Sicilian provincialor a
mere
many
itself with
which,
another
kings, the
young
this
drawn
ringactually
his
audacious
simple Roman
which
in
finger.
stillmore
his agents
And
him.
had
way,
from
sent
seal-ringshould
unlucky possessor,
citizen,by the
from
for
secured
once
been
to
the
that
his desire
town
it had
77
he communicated
Agrigentum,
not
that
Hearing
come.
be
MAGISTRATE.
ROMAN
of
Egypt,
them
to
come
times
not
were
they returned
to
their
his way.
He
naturallyvisited Syracuse,
where
and
residing,
recognizeda golden
Verres
opportunity.
the visitor
oil,and
at
The
handsome
wheat.
The
once
first
Verres
to
thing was
supply of wine,
next
was
to
was
send
olive-
invite him
to
78
LIFE
ROMAN
dinner.
IN
THE
YS
DA
CICERO.
OF
The
richly
dining-roomand table were
furnished, the silver plate being particularly
was
splendid.Antiochus
highlydelightedwith
Ithe entertainment, and
the
the
silver
was
also
cups
set
had
Verres
time
no
dinner
was
governor
which
to
were
The
compliment.
invited
There
lost
out
in
ing
return-
to
which
with
nothing to
he
dor
splen-
compare.
with
magnificentgems.
Conspicuous among
table
was
of
probably
gold.
what
Verres
he
handled
He
in its
praises.
to
of
King lend some
his excellency? He
to
his
for the
own
in
one
piece,
of
handle
expressedhimself delightedwith
of the
ornaments
saw.
loud
was
the
artists. A
amethyst
cup.
The
the
compliment
Would
message.
beautiful cups
more
wished
show
to
specialrequest
All
and
simple-minded
heard
the
vessel
every
was
sent
was
them
made
without
suspicionof danger.
But
the
something
King
that
had
still in
his
excited
especially
possession
the Roman's
cupidity.This
79
candelabrum
was
It had
jewels.
with
adorned
MAGISTRATE.
ROMAN
for
intended
been
the tutelary
deityof Romejupiter
offeringto
had
the temple, which
the Capitol. But
ah
of
burned
been
to
the
giftshould
that their
ground
the
rebuilt,and
yet been
not
be
not
knew
one
he
how,
before
seen
Antiochus
begged
The
it.
inklingof
some
to
carefullywrapped
of
It
Would
examination.
They
Antiochus,
When
The
not
again
the
had
being
leave
to
the
minutely
to
carry
enough
seen
than
more
it with
one
him
apprehensions.
no
passed
returned, he
begged
next
day.
governor
and
days
some
was
on
they
had
not
clearly deserved
?
no
sightof
prepared
time
got,
it
sent
he
it back.
had
far from
and
up,
for
itbackwith
have
so
was
cautious, had
hardlysufficiently
suspicious,was
it.
it
the matter,
let him
prince,who,
young
had
princes,anxious
resolved to carry
publicly
presented,
them to Syria. Verres, however,
it
gold richly
of
and
sent
the
to
ask
the messenger
It
seemed
brum
candela-
to
a
for it.
come
strange
8o
ROMAN
LIFE
request
again
that
the
on
honor
DA
man
The
world
and
knows
took
at
another
once
leave
to
plainly,
present.
it.
obey
but
before
that
had
the
regret
be
; but
robbed
of the
was
its way
his
that
had
from
choice
but
he
publiclyprotested
Syracuse against
His
done.
other
jewels,he
did
monstrous
that
the
were
of
departure
no
giftthat
tutelarygod of
of
Sicilian cities
protect their
it
less,
use-
heard
had
on
went
been
be
King,
The
nightfall.
was
market-placeof
in the
wrong
he
word."
my
line. The
He
Antiochus
necessary.
offeringis to
would
Sicilybefore
piratical
expeditionwhich
Syria to the province,and
The
as
from
soft words
publicsafetydemanded
should
said
that the
go back
cannot
perceived that
he said, must
so
him
begged
like it
then
"
All the
and
the
himself
rather
or
was
Verres
to
and
again
and
much
CICERO.
is
be made,
was
OF
King
hinted,
very
YS
came
governor
should
he
This
it.
still the
it. Verres
return
THE
unsuccessful.
waited
"
IN
not
possessionsthan
he
he
destined
Rome.
better
were
not
able
to
privatein-
ROMAN
dividuals.
ranged
whom
Segesta was
itself on
the
left there
of his
some
journey.)
most
preciousbeing a
beauty
Italy
to
were
hardships of
the
it had
of Diana,
statue
invested
and
his way
stroyed
de-
been
the
by
with
followers, who
early days
In
early
Romans,
on
endure
unwillingany longer to
the
legendary relationship.
that ./Eneas
was
that had
town
TE.
TRA
side of the
people had
its
(The story
had
CIS
MA
with
of great
work
peculiarsacredness.
When
Agrigentum
brass, in which
it
than
It
Diana.
inscribed
one
of the
of
was
contrived
grace
it.
He
was
less
no
Scipio,and
back
its
which
became
notable
preserve
modesty.
demanded
of
name
colossal
to
and
the
of
burned,
neighbors,and got
set
on
a
pedestal on
most
Segesta
had
its
was
was
bull
its famous
was
fortunate
It
recovered
saw
of
maidenly
and
coveted
it of the authorities
of the
82
LIFE
ROMAN
and
town
with
met
was
to
obstinacy. All
their
and
A
and
money
and
court
imposed
with
should
be
from
away
them
It
was
easy
and
for
Heavy requisitions
corn
made
were
men
them.
upon
progresses
the
governor
was
citizens.
This was
principal
they could not hope to wage
which
success.
refusal.
CICERO.
their
on
contest
OF
imposts were
hateful
stillmore
the
doubled.
than
YS
DA
make
more
THE
IN
married
and
Mercury
; and
all the
of the town,
women
its
following it on
journey,showering perfumes and flowers upon
before
it,and burning incense
it, till it had
passed beyond the borders of their territory.
If Segesta had its Diana, Tyndaris had its
acid
to
unmarried,
his collection.
issued
He
was
to
betaken
to
being convenientlynear
in
which
refusing
he
was
stored
his
not
the
his orders
place,that
to
to
the
(Messana
the place
to Italywas
plunder.) Sopater
Messana.
threatened
penaltiesif it was
resolved
done
with
the
without
heaviest
delay,and
84
ROMAN
The
LIFE
IN
THE
pain caused by
brought
the
that
suffering
bear
to
the
upon
and
senate
for
search
"
risingof
any
any
finest linen
no
he
was
it
another
this, too,
this
there
was
litter
he gave
full of
straight to
of
litter
of the
He
roses
upon
neck, made
smallest
his audiences."
stuffed with
his
his
in
was
was
roses.
"
him
saw
carried
wreath
round
roses
enduring,
ever
cushion
His
one
the
So
one
was
of Malta, and
There
roses.
in
"
eightbearers.
with
the
No
horseback.
upon
that
he
untiringwas
so
from
blowing of
saw
himself.
he bestirred
indeed
then
he
it was
as
the
he
to
up
in his
town
soon
or
vote
as
springnot
constellation
the
to
man
to
"As
art.
cries
Mercury.
the
town
that it was
he knew
and
spring
of
treasures
loud
given
got his
from
not
them
be
his
could
with
pictureof
curious
of
was
frightful
should
Verres
his progresses
made
So
being thus
the bronze
compelled
statue
So
the governor.
have
limbs
turned
They
We
CICERO.
his fellow-townsmen
it.
see
OF
with
contact
intense.
was
YS
the naked
into close
statue
DA
mesh,
was
chamber;
of
and
carried
and
When
such exertions
not
the old
A
number
of
tents
the
pitchedfor
nights, surrounded
the
at
he
of
by troops
let the
and
companions,
him
cool breezes
catch the
to
There
sea.
kings of Syracuse.
the
were
of the harbor
entrance
from
palaceof
could
He
official residence,
his
in
even
summer
for him.
remain
to
into
much
too
were
endure
even
85
MAGISTRATE.
ROMAN
vilest
the
province take
of
care
itself.
Such
was
governor
provincefree
from
their fastnesses
the
the Cilician
on
kept the
only,he
His
fleet
to
that it could
himself
from
that
one
was
no
towed
examine
one
of
into
The
delightthat
crew
come
them.
with
defend
issue
with
and
upon
Verres, who
to
Syracuse,
booty.
to
nor
escape
meddle
and
gained over
feastingto
to
where,
else-
and
success,
overladen
so
carried
his
was
his
was
neither
at once
was
have
lucky enough
was
pirateship,which
News
One
terror.
seems
coast
ranean
cities of the Mediter-
seaboard
in constant
one
spoil
itself.
roused
strict orders
the
It
prize.
he hastened
to
general feelingwas
of merciless villains
86
ROMAN
had
been
LIFE
secretaries, his
of the
Rome.
sent
As
knew
to
what
favorite
had
to
he
kept an
to
was
catch
be
conjecturefrom
correct
He
had
the
friend at
It
him.
he
was
had
had
being
was
The
which
the
size
out
who
reckoned
the
he
had
suffer.
to
them
against the
it had
been
of the
ship.
easy
to
Verres
best he could.
fill the
sold
They
brought out
were
deficiencyas
audacity to
prisonerswhom
while
one,
one
ferings
the suf-
watch
Sicilyto
brought
of the crew,
to
of
of those
account
had
to
be
to
people of
the piratecaptainwas
only
watched
eagerly for the day
execution, and
number
happened
death.
to
whom
to
their
had
son
present
in
well known,
when
who
become
slowly tortured
Syracuse, to
and
given up.
she
as
piratecaptainhimself, no
the
amusement
of
too
as
more
craftsmen,
be handi-
to
be
to
retinue, his
prize; six,
singers,were
far
deal
happened
valuable
too
the
pay
all who
were
to
had
Justicemight
share
Verres
pleasedwith
CICERO.
OF
about
were
their crimes.
practicalviews.
YS
DA
captured and
penalty of
His
THE
IN
or
placesof
given
the
away
RC :.;.i:;
with
Roman
citizens, whom
he
pretenses
had
it
the payment,
87
into
to
believed, of
was
The
prison.
suffered
was
false
various
on
thrown
piratecaptainhimself
on
escape
large
very
of money.
sum
It
had
Verres
But
was
that
them
of
Syracuse, who
for the
get
had
was
coming
dress,
very
scandal
The
to
the
to
to
mand.
com-
unwonted
to
tent
stood
the
upon
his tunic,
or
ankles, were
the
dignityof
it
see
all beholders.
to
his
citizen
anxious
was
his
he
as
purple cloak,
wholly unsuitable
His
garment,
under-
thought
a
Roman
might be expected,
for the
scandalouslyill equipped. Its men
magistrate.
part existed,
paper."
from
of
out
was
qualification
it the
paid
governor
of
His
was
way,
reachingto
names,
of
appointed
sandals, his
most
sort
no
sea.
of the
attention
was
to
put
There
Verres
The
shore,
must
pirates.
least,of
at
be made.
out
pass.
show,
some
should
the
with
yet done
not
necessary
coping with
a
MAGISTRATE.
There
but
of
was
names
the treasury
fleet,as
as
the
phrase is,only
the proper
only.
the pay
"
complement
The
on
of
prcetor drew
for these
imaginary
88
ROMAN
LIFE
soldiers and
And
they
as
had
been
they put
crews
were
roots
of
indeed
THE
the
the
into
the
in
engagement.
His
the
manning
the
fort.
as
courage
was
dealt with
that
cowardly as
the
and
spot.
ing
morn-
employed
pirate fleet
was
for
prepared
an
fought.
and
to
to
was
Still
His
of
such
But
of
man
ship
ing
commandthe
crew
Cleomenes
incompetent.
as
were
own
overpower
and
fight.
was
the fort
soldiers
The
sailors.
pirates;
he
the
on
that
on
dealt with
had
have
eager
the
ill
fairlywell manned,
was
The
grew,
thus
the fleet.
as
would
vessels of the
which
was
was
was
he
Verres
imaginary
sea
of
But
at
Pachynus.
in it drinking from
While
He
he had
He
sat
approaching.
days
they
ample
followingthe exhad his tent
pitched
was
brought
tidingswere
After
abundance
meanwhile
night.
illprovisioned
as
five
of
palm,
of his patron.
to
ships were
less than
dwarf
it into his
their hunger
satisfy
to
still grows,
CICERO.
OF
diverted
harbor
driven
YS
illmanned.
were
something
Cleomenes
on
DA
marines, and
pocket.
own
IN
He
as
light
there
was
as
ordered
ROMAN
the
of his
mast
The
captured
Cleomenes
stranded
his
them
of
the
the
reached
the
left it
and
all
nothing
gave
port of Helorus,
its fate.
piratechief
them.
burned
audacity to
do
His
found
He
we
had
harbor
inner
are
told,
hostile
fleet,the
ill-fated Athenian
expedition,three
centuries
and
only
had
one
penetrated.
ever
this
at
He
of
was,
Next
in
Cleomenes
had
the command.
indeed
were
more
remove
It seemed
them
because
sacrificed.
chief
culprit.
Cleomenes.
same
scandalous
who
captains,
courage,
all the
But
appointment
comparativelyblameless, were
execution.
to
shown
be
the
his
other
of the inhabitants
must
for the
caused
The
have
was
half before,
himself
course,
guiltto him
was
spared
which
reason
victim
rage
spectacleexceeded
felt that
Verres
The
to
ships as they
to
The
same.
thus deserted
then
off with
pirates
of the
two
ship,and
did
colleagues
made
The
example.
his
chase, and
fled.
rest
follow
but
be
ship to
89
TE.
TRA
be set, and
speed.
CIS
MA
more
they could
but
to
might
who
ordered
to
necessary
have
given
ROMAN
90
inconvenient
condition
The
of the
his avarice.
offense, how
From
his way
did
in
to
he
Italyhe
of the
to
the
town
happened.
and
offered
of
same
He
fined
con-
which
Syracuse.
and
the
he
was
be
Just as
he
heard
to
had
made
one
safe
to
the
chief
heard
the
to
man
enraged by
the
of
was
trate
magis-
to
come
what
be
market-place.
Roman
to
complain
happened
his claim.
speak
about
was
day, and
place
received, and
before
ordered
in
the
was
Verres
town.
proof of
listen,and
he
brought
the
been
had
escape,
not
was
which
flogged
pleaded that
to
it would
embark
and
given
quarries
stone
Messana
governor.
arrested
had
that
treatment
spicuous
con-
of this book
Gavius
contrived
Sicilywhere
as
public prison
against the
the
indeed
not, and
Messana.
for
inefficient
conspicuous example
disused
know
not
One
certain
the
these
the
was
Of
know
we
for
served
the
in
CICERO.
not
suffice.
OF
to
as
Verres
in detail.
speak
YS
DA
ships.
crueltyof
vices, it would
will
THE
testimony
as
to
IN
LIFE
had
stripped
Gavius
citizen
and
refused
to
repetitionof
the
Verres
ROMAN
92
LIFE
The
him
judge
to
were
IN
THE
were
Sulla had
given them.
furnished
the
tried.
of
do
and
could
who
would
who
have
insensible
fine
statue
bestowed.
would
halls
not
or
provided with
as
his
be
some
or
money,
influenced
by it,were
of other
such
these
for their
presents
have
glad to
the
of
"
"
order
for himself,
sufficiency
such
which
games
means
"
who
scrupulous,
more
people. Verres
in
hoped
And
receive
to
came
own
did
splen-
they
back
hibited
ex-
amply
securinghis safety.
for indeed
openly avowed
he was
unscrupulous that
extortions
had
promotion
bribes.
to
even
for
the
cused
ac-
Some
such
obtain
to
gardens,were
to
had
gifts to
splendid picturejudiciously
few,
accept
ornaments
He
few
men
Many insignificant
the charms
to
or
to
not
causes
scorned
wealthy
too
were
hope
not
such
wrong.
notoriously open
were
not
in the future.
so
whom
provincialgovernor
plundered provinces in
to
order.
own
the
senators
extortion
CICERO.
privilegewhich
They, and they alone,
these
for
fellow-feeling
OF
of his
juriesbefore
Of
YS
men
still retained
senators
were
DA
he
he
was
had
as
frank
trebled
might
have
where-
ROMAN
with
evident
became
Sicilians
The
the
province
for
had
won
and
And
integrity.
had
what
of
Cicero
the
had
been
too
chosen
him
imitate, and
a
in diction
moderation
in the
power
Verres
the model
of him
task
secured
orator
great
was
as
kept himself
which
retained
still
be
himself.
so
prosecutor
and
that time,
At
action.
And
1
there
So
Horace
It
was
be
an
sad
be
of
chance
the
advocate
to
that
have
it would
contrived
that the
less formidable
compliments
safeguard of
something
was
if it could
should
he
having
energeticspeaker, full of
powerful
more
as
he
honorable
more
speaks
splendidand
life both
of
before, and
had
accused.1
He
their
greater because
prosecuted,but
Hortensius.
Cicero
escape.
division
his
was
need
plead
to
six years
year
held
was
to
was
quaestor in
defendingpersons
would
he
soon
would
he
Cicero
yet
never
to
It
judges.
golden opinions by
of the
courts
help, if
been
93
that
engaged
had
He
cause.
his
him
to
all other
and
these
of
the favor
win
to
MAGISTRATE.
person.
contrivingthis.
friend
accused."
on
being
"
the illustrious
ROMAN
94
of
IN
Caecilius
certain
and
LIFE
claim
for
was
had
had
been
be
our
own,
Cicero
made
or
his
come
he
of
Caecilius,or the
it
he
collect evidence.
This
store.
forward
time
misdoings
in the
wanted
for
evidence.
collecting
hundred
first ; of
and
course
would
end
it was
in
an
not
favor,
days to
of the Senate
Achaia
in
came
Verres
prosecute
and
was
device
for
in Greece.
prosecutionwould
he
ten
another
province of
He
one
in his
and
the
ful,
doubt-
was
decided
had
to
of
that
Verres
claimed
and
choice
certain
hundred
member
prosecute,
his rival
one
established
he
the
was
court
allowed
was
and
together.Cicero
which
quite
The
incompetent.
which, like
to
was
two
speech, in
was
thing there
court,
question, who
he
had
he
presidingjudge
He
Sicily.He
that
first
the
and
forward,
province,and
The
consisted
while
CICERO.
of
pretended
Verres.
claim.
own
to
before
great
induced
argued
the
jury,was
OF
quaestor in the
quarreled,with
to
YS
late governor
quarreled, or
had
DA
prosecuting the
too
THE
intended
to
be
be taken
be serious,
acquittal.Meanwhile
all
MAGISTRATE.
ROMAN
indeed
next
year.
that
Verres
Hortensius
had
feared.
good
Verres
taken
also
been
jurors,and
be
such
good
the
new
friend, and
sham
prosecutor
friend ;
be
to
was
have
"
the
I have
the election
"
other
acquitted." An-
are
chosen
the
would
governor
he would
came
and
praetor
of
appointment
take
care
that
desired.
of
the
Sicilywould
be
throw
stacles
judiciousobof witnesses.
nothing.
to
they
At
of the attendance
prosecution
never
off tillhe
fortune.
the accused
as
in the way
The
hopes. In July
for the following
only be put
you
would
them
time
same
postponement
presidingjudge.Consul
between
should
his
you," cried
placeand
new
new
rested
his
on
friend had
be the
on
openly congratulatedin
was
for
news
was
postponed
be
to
office, nothing
upon
of Rome
streets
have
trial could
if the
entered
It
spent, and
been
elected consul
was
year, and
the
have
tillthe
has
would
95
left Italy,Cicero,
on
The
the other
panied
hand, employed the greatest diligence.Accom-
by
his cousin
chief cities of
enormous
mass
Lucius
and
Sicily,
of
he
visited
collected from
evidence.
all the
them
In this work
an
he
LIFE
ROMAN
96
IN
out
only spent fifty
allotted
before
THE
he
be
last for
friends would
long
be in
indeed
And
left. The
trial began
called
months
Cicero
two
the
hours
only
his
In
August.
was
exhibit
to
the
come
and
Rome,"
to
little time
but
was
Pompey
of
Games
in
He
they did
not
would
do
made
world
on
justice
never
lasted
games
after this
be
so
were
strong
than
the
appeal to
on
their trial.
on
them.
notorious
trusted
more
he stated
which
themselves
were
of all the
eyes
have
not
in
delivering),
jury. They
they
pected
ex-
when
year,
would
Then
in outline.
The
be
might
the fifth of
on
speech (itcould
case
dence
of evi-
mass
much
of the three
again, filling
up
of September, October, and November.
anticipatedthis difficulty.He made a
others
short
number
If it could
next
there
of the month
The
"
The
this,
he might stillhope
office,
escape.
games.
and
of the very
time.
the
into
protracted
some
begin long
to
the trial
great that
so
the middle
days
ten
left ;
hope
strangelyenough,sprang out
and enormity of his crimes.
to
CICERO.
and
ready
was
still one
had
was
OF
expected.
was
Verres
YS
of the hundred
him, and
to
DA
any
If
criminal
more.
It
ROMAN
would
be
law.
the
trial.
The
Verres
was
97
senators
law
The
the law
acquitted,
itself was
liable
were
If
repealed.
be
to
fear of
no
had
their
better
prosecutionwere
wants.
much
more
Then
he
called
islands
"
of
to
bribe
of
In the
Rome.
temples, in
colonnade
on
From
and
own
as
judges.
marvelous
foot
of Mount
Sea, from
mainland, from
many
on
of the
area
the steps of
in the
Forum,
the
it,on
housetops
overlooking declivities,were
dense
heirs and
the
with
extort
their
of the Black
that surrounded
the
to
witnesses.
the shores
the
market-town
and
need
many
and
his
were.
Taurus, from
the
not
wherewith
they
array
would
its
that if
which
accused
a
on
declared
under
fitto
not
were
openly
provincials
governors
be
that the
seen
administer
MAGISTRATE.
eager
crowds
of
tioned
sta-
impoverished
their
guardians,bankrupt tax-farmers
dren
merchants, fathers bewailingtheir chilcorn
carried off to the praetor's
harem, children
mourning
in the
praetor's
98
ROMAN
LIFE
Greek
dungeons,
traced
IN
THE
DA
nobles
YS
OF
whose
CICERO.
descent
Cecrops or Eurysthenes, or
Minyan houses, and
great Ionian and
to
whose
Tyrian Melcarth,
Zidonian
Jah."1
this
had
ancestors
claimed
or
Nine
overpowered by
to
with
He
the
the
ing
spent in hear-
were
Hortensiuswas
it.
the
cians,
Phoeni-
priestsof
kindred
days
of evidence.
mass
been
was
had
terly
ut-
nity
opportu-
no
for
of the
attempts
democracy.
the
perceived that
the nine
had
The
case.
his
to
come
an
feeble
practically
himself
defendant
positionwas
days, with
few
he
cross-examination,
at
abandoned
After
hopeless.
their terrible
fore
Be-
ment,
impeach-
Rome.
verdict of
jury returned an unanimous
condemned
to
guilty,and the prisoner was
banishment
and to pay a fine. The
placeof
banishment
(which he was apparentlyallowed
The
select outside
to
The
of the fine
amount
certainlywas
1
Article
certain
in
not
"
Mythology," by
was
limits)
we
enough
Dictionary of
William
Bodhana
do
to
not
Marseilles.
know.
It
impoverishhim.
Classical
Donne.
Biography
smd
CHAPTER
GREAT
THERE
accused
for
of
among
verdict
heard.
had
the
us,
all
induced
be
can
Each
juryman
tablet
of
if he
wood,
N.
L.
In
the
")
suspicious,
year
to
66
B.C.
the
opinion
as
not
though
little
")
acquit
(con-
K.
him
guilty,
clear")
if the
thought
It is
there
was
not
convict.
a
very
if
only
on
"
with
majority.
innocent,
if he
"
of
(absolvo,
A.
liquet,
evidence
enough
but
agree,
who
they
jury, given
accused
the
which
not,
is the
as
jury,
was
whole
putting
(non
seemed
case
verdict
judge,
just
had
pel
poisoning
evidence
his
I condemn
"
the
the
to
and,
judge
wrote
thought
demno,
and
of
verdict
murder
this
But
of
charges
try
on
One
crimes.
each
us,
their
gave
of
charges
another,
case
to
for
Rome
at
courts
various
used
instance,
CAUSE.
ROMAN
various
were
sons
V.
strange
trial
took
GREA
the Court
placein
Cluentius
ROMAN
of Poison
accused
was
CA
of
praetor
the
was
whole
natives
there
been
of
this
the
up
seem,
splendor of
Cluentius
going
was
rid
The
of
on,
his
slaves,who
some
declaringthat
because
he
with
desired
whom
in all that
he
cerned
con-
temple services,
Cluentius
consented.
it occurred
opponent
citizens.
people of Larinum,
their
asked
had
anicus
Oppi-
years.
interested
case.
some
all,but Roman
at
much
who
men,
fellow-townsmen,
very
resisted
two
of Mars,
slaves
both
Apulia,where
Mars.
A dispute
temple caused an
of
case
unpopular.
were
get
the
Servants
his
very
cause
for
did, it would
he
the
to
temple of
enemies
not
were
annoy
their
the
in
town
quarrel between
called
who
to
step-fatherwere
property
took
was
his
famous
indeed
to
in rank
(the
and
the
open
This
other persons.
was
of Larinum,
was
about
they
various
his
story.
Cluentius
were
certain
having poisoned
magistrate next
defended
consul),
i o i
Cases.
step-father,
Oppianicus,and
Cicero, who
USE.
to
While
plead
the
Oppianicus
by poison. He
to
ROMAK
102
"jFE
employed
the
OF
CICERO.
Scamander
tried
the
put
agent
of his freedman,
certain
accomplish
to
slave of the
objectby bribingthe
who
YS
DA
and
agent,
an
Scamander.
physician
The
attendingCluentius.
physician
needy Greek, and his slave had probably
was
was
hard
and
man,
and
clever
as
This
to
his
it
again to
the slave
and
packet
and
whole
the
should
friends
the
at
with
sealed
of money,
tended
pre-
arranged for
tween
be-
villain
The
the
with
be
interview
his tempter.
seized
was
He
physician,and the
tius
his patient. Cluen-
certain
in concealment
honest
an
told
he
the
that
arranged
present
was
honest.
was
done,
master
physician told
came,
he
as
he
meeting.
matter
fare ; but
scanty
to
poison
and
his master's
seal,
him.
upon
Cluentius, who
from
his
THE
matter
his
IN
himself.
attempt
guilty.
call
to
had
mother's
in
He
old
The
patron
cations
provo-
felt
now
determined
man
was
(as they
master) was
next
to
for
Scamander
indicted
poison.
many
husband,
danger, and
Scamander's
freedman's
put up with
found
used
to
brought
trial,and
to
GREA
with
ROMAN
the
trial
Scamander's
criminal,
had
contrived
of this vote,
of
the
to
he
Senate,
and
to
had
about
one
only,
the
giver
He
recourse.
largesum
his
member
unprincipled
now
with
of course"
went,
and
needy
of
bring
And
secure.
attacked
him
warned
of all
Last
was
103
result.
same
chief
Oppianicus, the
USE.
CA
his hand
in
six hundred
something about five thousand
With
this the senator
pounds of our money.
of
Staienus
sixteen out
to bribe
was
by name
"
"
"
the
hundred
three
votes,
his
and
the
whole, and
accosted
our
count
on
The
would
happy
idea
he
of
himself.
in
defendant
majority),
has
Staienus
this
in
he
"
He
way.
knew
to
be
Bulbus," he said,
that
"
nothing.
man.
for1
appropriatingthe
taking care
for
their
much
as
give
managed it
whom
fellow-juror,
country
have
over
unprincipledas
you will help me
serve
"
to
was
(which
something
have
to
were
fifty
pounds apiece for
Staienus
conceived
"
and
vote
own
and
as
They
thirty-twojurymen.
"
Staienus
promised
three
sha'n't
we
You
went
may
on,
hundred
104
ROMAN
and
fiftypounds
'
Not
LIFE
Guilty.' You
know
to
matter
"He
the other
trial
was
be
to
given.
it should
be
anxious
and
Staienus
To
Rumors
The
had
Bulbus
were
foul
circumstances
respectable
jurorsto
and
which
water
had
"
Guilty."
spread
some
hesitate.
vote.
about.
of
the
In the end
"
than
not
banishment,
prevent
him
from
banishment
living in
neighborhood of Rome.
Romans,
though they shed blood like
lenient
in their civilstrife,
were
singularly
Italy,and
The
voted
to
Not Proven,"
ten said
acquittal,'
Guilty." Oppianicus suffered
worse
did
being
"
seventeen
nothing
first
caused
more
that
their money.
the
play
verdict
mouth,
earned
two
for
the
claimed
of
word
The
fivevoted
is the
'
defendant
who
of
too
in
false," replied
end, and
an
the
sixteen
is not
given by
know
to
beaming
where
now,
the
me."
to
'
to
came
vote
forthcoming.As
vote
certainly
Guilty.'
shall
myself,I
got the
played me
the money
"
with
came
of ; and
has
will
again
come
I have
know
you
money?"
The
"
CICERO.
will take
who
them, and
Staienus.
OF
juror who
face
YS
DA
every
Secure
Nine
for
THE
to
money.
the
IN
even
in the
in their
ROMAN
GREAT
CAUSE.
Not
punishments.
105
he
long afterwards
died.
His
of
widow
gratifyingthe
had
first
subjected
them
three
extorted
last the
man
But
the
the
their bodies
the
from
had
the
taken
into
as
she
one
and
an
of his
into the
tures
tor-
At
men.
to
her
to
renewed
of the
three
and
had
high favor,
physician at
of
summoned
audacious
Larinum.
robbery
two
the
deceased
cruelties
abstractingfrom it a quantityof
five pounds weight of gold. At
he murdered
to
property
afterwards
had
committed
his mistress's
of
inquiry compelled
She
him
one
belonged
she
years
slaves
established
The
the
Three
tortured
torture,
attended
whom
at
attempt.
to
confession
no
friends
present
desist.
the
had
She
completely.
third
Oppianicus, a
last illness.
in his
She
another
physicianwho
she
which
Cluentius.
son
slaves
own,
opportunity
an
hatred
failed
attempt
her
younger
be
her
of
him
accuse
Her
unnatural
for
felt
long
would
the
in his death
saw
chest
in
and
same
fellow-slaves,and
time
threw
fish-pond. Suspicionfell
106
LIFE
ROMAN
found
of
be
to
remembered
with
the
had
been
told the
It
his mistress
to
No
The
The
the
confession
the
The
evidence
beyond
above
the
; but
and
very
then
there
accused.
in the
found
tortured.
was
also confessed,
he
given poison
of
Cluentius.
for further
inquiry.
immediately
was
from
his
took
now
for murder.
little or
weak,
was
and
forward
Cluentius
doubtful
been
lad who
Oppianicus
very
an
charged
compulsion
younger
was
had
saw
were
man
strong
indicted
such
young
instance
made, the
circular
now
slave
given
the
among
was
a
bodies
the
at
against the
"
this
He
deed, and
Under
case,
that
was
friend
just
step-mother,the
up
kind.
made
guilty
opportunity was
executed.
opening
accomplice came
Oppianicus
His
the
Thereupon
story.
the chest
auction
an
physician.
his
confessed
at
found
crime.
CICERO.
seen
lately
have
was
the
fish-pond.
He
articles
would
which
opening.
bought by
he had
OF
when
But
curious
very
that
miscellaneous
saw
YS
closelyexamined,
be
to
came
DA
THE
missing slaves.
the
upon
IN
confession
a
violent
very
There
than
nothing
spoken of
had
udice
prej-
been
suspicion
"
of
io8
ROMAN
she
time
IN
LIFE
made
DA
YS
OP
CICERO.
bulk
her
to
property
THE
Oppianicus,but
four
three and
legacy of between
pounds. The elder Oppianicus was
thousand
to
large
so
see
of her
sum
of the
out
go
posed
dis-
not
her kinsfolk.
had
the
pounds
of
money
drug.
The
our
fee
he
in
was
visit ; and
to
no
was
need
agents
But
to
brought
to
had
had
kinsfolk
seventeen
deadly
markets
which
there
news,
The
the
had
had
agents
had
the
two
sent
missing son.
beforehand
been
bribed
found, and
assassinated.
Ancona.
many
dose
single
inquiriesfor
the first
be
had
; he
Dinsea's
He
troduce
in-
repeat.
make
to
about
to
hurry
Oppianicus
them.
was
some
from
administer
to
he gave
Meanwhile
with
man
was
take
expected to
contrived
quack
traveling
bribed
but
been
Oppianicus then
her
to
He
had
they
man
learned
with
had
who
where
caused
him
wrote
to
he
to
be
their
GREA
ROMAN
employers at Larinum,
could
of their search
CA
be found,
not
information
whom
; and
market-place
the
in
happened
he
that
the
afterwards
Oppianicus
which
But
this
he
of
Metellus
There
he
suffered
It
man
was
to
which
few
himself
of
one
the murdered
deserved
easy
to
of rage
Larinum.
resources.
and
the party
dead)
now
was
fled
to
the
camp
Sulla's lieutenants.
as
one
Metellus
party.
therefore
his
Sulla
days
dead.
was
burst
of
end
have
returned.
he
the
Oppianicus
Pius,
for the
had
but
represented himself
fought in the
side
the
at
(forMarius
raging, and
was
man.
face
not
to
themselves
between
War
of Marius
be found
man,
hold
sponsible
present)re-
be
Civil
The
the
dared
news
was
missing
agents
found
had
They
obtained.
should
to
should
harm
the
to
be
to
the person
familypubliclydeclared
of the
one
Oppianicus
with
was
object
num
great indignationat Lari-
letter excited
This
109
that the
saying
USE.
had
who
had
himself
foughtagainstthe
prisoner belonged.
persuade
his fate,and
him
that the
ROMAN
no
LIFE
IN
unworthy
were
with
armed
an
as
returned
well
for
as
for the
of
the
dangerous to
his
the
Lari-
to
towns-people had
three
and
CICERO.
OF
the
himself
stead,
and
Sulla's mandate
produced
YS
Oppianicus
whom
of
DA
persons
commonwealth.
num
THE
trates
magischosen,
appointment
in their
creatures
of
execution
four
These
obnoxious
to him.
particularly
who had publiclythreatened
the man
were,
persons
four
him,
his
of
two
of
found
his
to
story of the
which
only
small
all his
related
After
country.
a
in
From
quarrel with
small
these
his
his side.
His
he
Not
health
was
stances
circum-
shunned
by
by
to
outside
afterwards
severe
up
away
removed
hired
taken
Falernian
the
driven
was
received
of
he
in
long
way.
true
he had
had
now
his banishment
farmer, and
the
horse, and
the
Then
he
he
strume
in-
given,having
while
farmhouse
lodging which
walls of Rome.
from
for
about
the
Oppianicus,
acquaintances.
his quarters
of
crimes
finished, Cicero
wandered
of the
out
get
of his death.
had
of
one
whom
villainies,
own
it convenient
The
been
kinsfolk, and
he
the
fell
injuryin
alreadyweak,
fever
ORE
he
on,
came
after
into the
of
only
One
these
of
cup
giving it
with
the
to
allowed,
affirmed
prosecutor
friends had
The
man
had
not
contrary, he had
days, and
He
the
the
after
orator,
called
had
young
witness
to
custom
been
invited.
of the bridegroom's
one
was
of health
whom
deceased.
guiltof
different
when
made
no
On
the
illness of several
he
cause.
to
came
himself
worse
will do."
men
its
on
cup
expired.
instantly
complete. The
an
drinkingtoo
"
The
and
had
by eating and
the
was
of
man's
instantly
expired.
died
alreadyout
was
the intention
as
that
this
to
tioned.
men-
poison
put
interceptedthe
answer
be
to
the- young
was
drunk
young
died
Oppianicus.
younger
to which,
wedding-breakfast,
at Larinum,
a largecompany
way,
cityand
said, had
honey wine,
occasion, it was
The
1 i 1
needs
Cluentius, it was
into
USE.
were
with.
carried
was
CA
the
Besides
there
ROMAN
days' illness.
few
could
one
"
He
The
Cluentius
then
object,
least
would
picion
sus-
have
ROMAN
ri2
LIFE
brought him
of
said
Cicero
And
you,
the
no
his support.
clerk,
about
the
admirable
"
read
his
Read,"
evidence.
involve
to
Nothing
but
not
innocent
allow
had
would
she
that
in the
man
contrived
against
this
content
herself
must
ful
shame-
wicked
journey
cried Cicero.
which
to
came
groaned
she
see
aloud
Why,
Larinum,
Sea,
and
I live
"
woman
from
near
what
Vast
Men,
she
ay, and
from
the
distant
the
very
shore
of
was
coming
with
crowds
too,
Groaned
that
"
from
women
passed by.
towns
heard
happened.
her.
as
I have
to
the
was
of the
some
passed, and
witnesses
many
what
to
to
"
near
your
false accusation."
the mother
plotwhich
up
conduct
came
son.
would
an
a
Your
case.
; you
deplorablecalamityof
woman
Instead
you
sorrow
her
CICERO.
"
more
Then
OF
has been
own
YS
against him.
gives him
hearing what
say
DA
witness
to
while, if
of
as
this he
doing
THE
IN
at
town
the
of
Upper
great retinue
with the
single
GREA
ROMAN
CA
was
every
spot
mother
of
mother
not
that
the
she
to
road
And
she
her
presence.
trust
herself
rather
than
to
was
think
that
do
we
her purposes
intrigues,
Truly we know exactly to
whom
she
has
indeed
Nay,
more
we
have
He
then
day
to
she has
whose
heard
be
tegrit
in-
her
all about
a
secret,
prayers,
her
vows."
turned
to
the
son,
whom
gone,
corrupt with
to
thingswhich she supposes
her wicked
nightly sacrifice,
abominable
she
schemes,
day
money,
to
and
woman,
does
"
her
from
promised
shun
not
cityor hostelry.
court,
whom
to
many
solitude
to
all know
not
her
to
did
And
any
probably sittingin
was
allowed
was
who
of
There
host
the
is the
of all the
inn
to
the presence
by
wicked.
an
where
contagion of
preferredto
darkness
defiled
not
that
earth, which
in which
was
crowds
think
not
who
son
set
abominably
singletown
upon
did
the very
all,was
so
; there
she
which
on
us
stay
who
man
that
purified,
be
not
being tried
there
1 1
of
the ruin
object of bringingabout
was
USE.
he would
ROMAN
114
LIFE
have the
mother
IN
jury believe
vile.
was
character.
The
townsman.
town
full of the
of the
praisesof
burst
among
and
us,
among
the
indeed
"
sure,
of
the
from
senate
passed this
but
sent
You
"
by
to
the
in
resolution."
are
loved
by
"
me
up
much
tears,
"
towns
to
than
men,"
gentle-
You
may
member
when
it
was
and
reason
any
jury.
the
more
south
sees
respectedcitizens
for Cluentius.
stood
also
Nor
tation
depu-
while
up
that every
tears
had
senate
the
the
these
see
seeing them,
was
most
I think,
loved
one
their
evidence
no
of
care
deputation
to
are
people of
be
the
turned
of which
be ashamed.
to
fellow-
these witnesses
the accused,
common
journey
their
resolution
the
make
to
grown-up
left to
was
Cicero
senators.
and
every
bringinga
come,
the
as
witnesses
support
children. With
and
of
strengthto
to
CICERO.
certainlybrought
Larinum
Rome
to
come
women
had
uF
admirable
as
array
From
had
He
YS
DA
was
wonderful
togethera
man
THE
they
num,
only Lari-
that had
give their
much
as
he is
CHAPTER
VI.
COUNTRY
of
ROMAN
far
was
his
"
miles
three
hill
and
Cicero
his
from
of
the
house
little
which
and
in
of
least
at
It
Sabines
describes
Cicero
country-
wealthiest
the
temperate
of
men
more
father.
Arpinum,
of
seat
richest
such
One
country
which
to
even
from
proverbial
the
possessed
belong
inherited
Cicero
of
one
nobles.
English
that
being
than
houses
for
"
commonly
time
wealth
moderate
even
from
LIFE.
about
was
in
town
the
was
frugal
Homeric
race,
phrase
as
"
In
his
Rough
when
of
the
Consuls
kind
of
manners
and
kindly
nurse
time
grandfather's
farmhouse,
simpler
but
it
that
former
Dictators
of
men."
had
been
had
satisfied
days
were
the
"
plain
the
days
content,
COUNTRY
LIFE.
their time
of office ended,
fields and
reap
their
within
its
was
born
fashion
married
house.
son
sumptuous
still
man's
thought that
Syrian slaves,
his
the
"
want
his later
; but
"vhich
by
the
descriptionput
the younger
(t
I have
Fibrenus
son
never
here
the
son,
being
grandfather,
like
they
had
knew
felt
never
especiallyin
The
especially
delightful,
of all being an island
Fibrenus.
stream
the
mouth
of
Quintus,
divides
much
pleasant spot.
more
his
was
of his time.
most
of the
seen
more
house
Greek
his
little
into
additions
they were,"
in which
the
the
contemporaries were
more
days, spent
to
way
life, the
death, when
of the
greatlyenlarged, one
of
room
a library,a
who
prevailed,and
frugalitygave
of
primitive
the old
manner
own
Cicero
to
old-fashioned
their
harvests.
continued
After
plow
to
own
family life
of
117
stream
into
either side.
two
of
ing
Flow-
again,having
ground as makes a
waters
1 1
ROMAN
THE
place for
convenient
This
IN
LIFE
he
done
of such
if the
just as
on,
spot had
CICERO.
OF
literarydiscussions.
our
hurries
YS
DA
been
his
viding
pro-
only
office
and
one
adopted
own
obscurer
name.
much
colder.
makes
indeed
You
noble
family,he
The
Liris
colder
loses his
indeed
can
bear
scarce
remember
how
Plato
in it
Socrates
makes
seen
foot
dip my
to
he
than this
stream
never
many.
into
is loud
too
dip
in his
praises.
"
it
enough.
one
often
As
to
with
sees,
which
splendid villas
the
their
marble
pavements
And
I despisethem.
gildedceilings,
which
to
they give the
water-courses,
would
of Nile or
names
Euripus, who
and
laugh
at
them
When
we
want
it is
to
nature
used
to
wonder
was
any
that you
now
rest
that
"
I marvel
sees
must
we
never
rocks
and
fine
not
streams
your
delight for
and
for I
thingbut
took
he
when
their
the mind
I
Once
come.
such
pleasurein
the spot.
that
when
are
you
away
But
from
CO
Rome
"
UNTR
be
to
care
you
LIFE.
from
for several
town
I love
indeed
And
this
and
because
his
of his life,as
of
he loved
;
us,
and
Lselius,before
the
shore.
writes
not
are
tions
associame."
various
times
tion
situa-
Cape
near
were
Atticus
:
him
noble
"
As
to
friends, Scipio
the
coast
was
were
mon
com-
neighbors,some
liberal of
on
it had
as
visitors
many
too
for
pick up pebbleson
to
Chance
far
villa
Formian
you
there
to
the
him,
resort.
were
it amused
this part of
But
fashionable
He
father's too,
Formise
at
so
also because
the
at
do.
it is
permitted. The
means
sea
he tells
of whom
because
before
gone
I do
particularly
agreeable to him,
the
; and
away
seldom
my
purchased
of them,
one
Caista, was
amused,
he
homes
Other
I get
can
among
that have
of those
and
live here
here."
time,
resort, but
land, mine
native
at
only
it,not
pleasant,so healthy a
it is my
days
but
preferthis place;
when
"
but
where
any
1 1
one
their visits.
occasion
from
composition, to
his
which
possibl
always urging me, it is absolutelyimthat I have here,
It is a public-hall
such
country-house,
crowd
of
peopleis
ROMAN
120
LIFE
there
at
need
be said.
Formise.
trouble
me.
Arrius.
The
Rome
And
he
off
Arpinum
to
In the
here."
"
in
am
My
wants
even
pay
the
on
if I did
not
was
occasional
visits
to
I had
when
off
see
not
time
says,
away
race.'
from
"
the
sought after,
ceased
never
Formise.
days
write
sweetness,
and
He
plaints
com-
to
of my
family ;
you
to
Arrius
going
famous
of his
to
repeats the
Sebosus.
annoyances.
resort
be
certainly
expect
is
is
will remember.
you
sittingdown
am
me,
side, there
be
certainly
being
with
other
letter he
next
is
neighbor
I would
do ?
to
cease
talk
friend, as
in these
favorite
they
going to
philosophywith
the cradle
native hills,
of
nothing
the idea of
to
Still,doubtless, there
sweetness
of them
nearest
'
CICERO.
absolutely lives
friend
! I will
OF
o'clock
ten
to
Rome
YS
most
my
to
Just as
our
comes
DA
given up
then,
what
to
man
Sebosus, Catulus'
Now
As
But
because
me.
THE
After
that he has
says
IN
and
It
it
was
of his life.
was
to
a
there
CO
But
the
of all
his villa
the
height
notable
Marius
which
sea1
the
and
Dictator.
Caesar,
the
Cicero's
Sulla, and
its walls
he had
the
wealthy Lucullus,
wealthy Crassus,
Rome
for
"
when
This," he
the
all my
Though
writes
we
borrow
Cicero
frescoes
neighbors
the stillmore
who
three
ruled
friend
get
can
speaks of
describes
its
probably be
idea
Atticus,
some
"
is
rest
troubles."
often
shall
our
his
to
toils and
We
of the
no
which
in
his, he nowhere
the
the barbarians
and,
longer rule itself,
least, Quintus, his brother.
at
spot
one
from
it could
time
of
one
For
and
with
belonged to
with
his
formed
kinsman
adorned
were
after
shared
had
lived in
from
Rome
house
own
such
orator
had
elder
an
town
make
had
Catulus, who
gloryof saving
; and
Latin
would
as
Cicero
young
best
Algidus, at
generation Crassus,
the
loved
he
Here
England.
eloquence ;
own
1 2 1
Mount
the
above
model
whose
LIFE.
Tusculum,
at
slope of
hill in
earlier
an
country-house
was
lyingon
a
UNTR
of
2 200
of
general arrangements.
not
this from
feet.
this house
far wrong
if
the letter in
ROMAN
122
which
LIFE
the
The
"
being
own
seats.
in
front
of this
on
inclosed
of the letter D.
into
again
side
every
large.
On
into
foldingdoors
to
this is another
room
the windows
the
bookcases
who
a
which
rest
my
most
used
so
the
most
use
of the
into.
guests
elegant bedroom,
both
as
of
bedroom
has
the
ing
Adjoinshape,
to
walls
in the
get
are
of authors
Out
of this
with
house
slaves and
is
hot
is
air.
priated
appro-
freedmen
another
and
of
to
arranged as
:
large
second
semicircular
the
the
out
equally
window
warmed
are
In
that
often.
of the
rooms
windows
collection
be
side
day
too
can
of this
to
yet
read
be
bedroom
The
are
containing a
cannot
there is
and
court,
settingsun.
of
sun
these
one
the
of which
in the
has
another
small
hall,which
or
beyond
size, which
into
colonnades
covered
risingand
by
about
plain without
pass
handsome
CICERO.
friend
Between
inner
an
drawing-room, and
smaller
OF
is
this you
From
passage
YS
country
DA
Pliny tells
courtyard
mean.
shape
THE
younger
of his
one
IN
which
can
and
sitting-room,
be
a
ROMAN
124
LIFE
of Rome.
IN
But
the
THE
DA
YS
which
room
specially
important was
was
for
ornaments
writes
to
it.
double
of Hermes
the heads
eyes
we
may
delightedwhen
appropriate
some
Hermathena"
he
composite
was
bust
which
he is
Your
"
CICERO.
in Cicero's
one
procure
(theHermathena
rather
or
able
was
OF
pedestal,with
upon
statue,
and
Mercury
kind.
same
"
What
"
for my
appropriate ornament
and
is the
Minerva
should
room.
suggest, find
kind
same
that
you
They
am
as
are
justnow
at
me
my
glad if you
more
place.
As
at
'
seat
every
where,
of
lecture-
would,
not
as
you
of the
for the
Formic,
thinkingof going.
most
little
ornaments
before, I have
house
is
own
emblem
special
many
the
for
sent
be
It
is suitable
learning.' Hermes
mathena
the Her-
about
greatly.
pleases me
of
write
you
seen
statues
them.
whither
I shall
remove
CO
them
all
to
shall find
keep
books.
your
that I may
And,
again,
do
ornaments
Tusculum
I get there
Hermes,
bronze.
most
in
They
"
to
delightful
another
to
letter
He
which
At
the
had
I
am
"
such
not
he
length of my purse.
fancy." Shortly after Atticus
of statue,double busts
some
had
he
time
busts
some
the
heads
of
when
he
hand
he says,
things.
the
hear
friend
lookingfor them,"
and
we
pedestals were
to
come
fied
satis-
for
same
the
be
paid about
has
his
My
that it is
me
seem
Pentelicus, and
anxiously;
looking for
kind
them.
secure
that
can
lecture-room
find any
which
in
from
writes
next
Crassus."
by anticipationfor
him
of marble
than
eighty pounds
him.
hope
richer
prices.
Megara
for
purchased
of
and
from
statues
the
about
hundred
thanks
In
myself."
something
one
so
the
up
If I
can
is
Pray
mine.
neglectto
not
house
only when
"
If you
for
enough
them
make
to
I shall be
"
give
ever
the other.
ornament
Don't
be able
this
with
If
place at Tusculum.
than
myself with more
begin to
do
125
my
this I shall
only
LIFE.
UNTR
"
This
You
is my
has found
of Hermes
trust
may
special
another
and
Her-
126
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
THE
YS
DA
CICERO.
OF
have
them
he does
not
odds
keeping his
he calls them
as
vintages,"
received
and ends
from
small
All the
for which
of income, his
possiblythe
"
ample supply
could
make
close
much
as
splendidlibrarywhich
"
When
writes
want
in
at
was
of his
one
make
to
use
of the young
take
them
uncle
of
use
Lucullus
house
I found
had
in
treatises,
went
Cato
to
his
he had
he
collected.
Tusculum,"
he
happening to
in the library
"
books
some
myself, as
out
money
pleased,the
he
as
little
"
of which
home,
at
Lucullus, I
there
Coming
my
he is
vineyard attached
same
his
to
villa,to
custom
my
(Cato was
was.
the lad's
and
I knew
surrounded
with
books
on
philosophy."
When
Cicero
Tusculum
shared
property.
The
was
the
banished, the
fate
buildingwas
collected,
were
diligently
the
of
house
rest
destroyed.
and
stolen
or
works
at
of his
The
of
art
sold. Cicero
CO
dealt
him
gave
rebuildingthe
no
as
of
more
in the
them.
He
was
money
been
in earlier
of
monument
of his
second
it the
last of
of which
he
publicsorrows.
in the
there
found
have
we
the
himself
discussinghow
superior to the fear
his
the
of
the
makes
writing
privateand
describes
to
noble
in the
treatises
for
afternoon
it
as
one
He
consolation
He
him
of Tusculum,"
Discussions
"
bly
Possi-
with
houses.
to
the times
troublous.
connected
Tusculum
for it,
happened
with
plentiful
man
hear
we
lost heart
days. But
the
two
had
more
so
of the
scene
of the
one
not
compensation.
recovered, but
and
more
the
letter in which
same
disaster has
growing
was
growing
were
such
of his
hear
advertised
the insufficient
he
Formiae
at
We
had
collecting.He
will when
men
had
He
of his valuables
Some
his house
much.
as
us
complains of
he
For
house.
he tells
contract,
four and
something between
pounds as compensation for his
five thousand
they
1 2
him
voted
they
LIFE.
that
probablyrightin thinking,
meanly with him when
very
thought,andwas
the Senate
UNTR
"
as
ing
resort-
Academy,"
wise
death,
man
to
may
pain and
and
rise
to
128
ROMAN
LIFE
how
sorrow,
THE
he may
he says,
summing
if it
"
be, under
act],let
If it
seems,"
first of these
sions,
discus-
"
circumstances,
that
we
being loosed
are
and
released
from
chains, that
find
our
back
to
way
and
everlasting
be
If
such
no
that
day
to
by
for
nature,
It is not
been
man,
doom
woes,
by
which
or
that
we
look
us
by
There
which
does
not
let
is
having
look
on
that
nothing
over
a
as
an
that
we
evil.
have
all doubt
the
some
race
of
whose
creature
exhausted
least
everlasting
gods
beyond
produce
least
at
full of blessing
as
chance
watches
once
at
us
may
on
the
at
trouble.
and
mother,
random
it is,after
to
own,
us,
common
some
Power
is
others
to
either
us
our
created.
mighty
let
; and
us
is ordered
or
dreadful
either
that
to
come
temper
so
home
us
prison,
may
of all sensation
bidding
such
cherish
laudable
from
we
manifestlyour
forever
quit
find
passions,and
us
consider
CICERO.
bidding of God
life [he seems
be
to
appeared to a Roman
quit this
certain
OF
clear
the
speaking of suicide,which
to
YS
alone.
the
up
seems
should
we
DA
rule his
in virtue
contentment
that
IN
all other
unending
woe
of
CO
death.
let
Rather
death
haven
would
that
it
us
be
may
would
fate
one?"
be.
of
all,
still
we
And
as
can
the
the
be
the
spread
wide-
with
reach,
haven
fate
us.
shall
winds
needs
for
it
thither
contrary
must
late,
somewhat
how
if
not,
for
in
have
we
prepared
sail
that
refuge
if
LIFE.
believe
us
might
we
back,
TR
and
sails
blow
UN
though
where
which
unhappiness
we
is
the
of
CHAPTER
SERGIUS
had
fallen
which
power
when
had
fellows.
and
Like
of
grudges
in-law
his
with
had
his
and
his
very
worst,
did
high
offices
in
sedile,
then
character,
hinder
not
the
covering
as
State.
then
the
Tripoli
which
evil
was
and
the
rising
of
Africa,
bears
now
At
to
first
made
which
Tunis,
deeds
of
was
governor
region
brother-
from
He
serving
his
These
him
satisfied
of
pretense
his
of
any
had
killed
and
shown
had
he
hand.
praetor,
of
he
actually
own
private
province
names
under
own
the
plundered
and
others
many
and
party,
recovered
wicked
as
evil
the
In
nobles
lost,
family
ancient
an
adversaries,
cruel
as
to
poverty.
the
their
himself
the
into
they
murdered
CONSPIRACY.
belonged
Sulla,
of
days
his
GREAT
CATILINE
which
VIL
the
end
ROMAN
132
Catiline
give to the
to
begin.
hired
the
of
of
to
a
the
and
shall find
whit
better than
Catiline
action.
would
take
his
own
order, and,
own
interests.
that
he
could
againstthe
to
whom
have
same
been
A
the
thought
him
thus
it
seemed,
indeed
say, and
say
second
Catiline
of
course
were
of
advantage
that he
turn
was
against
against his
there
with
one
in the
way.
had
He
They
not
the character
And
nobles.
an
shall
we
committed
up
men
as
in
the prosecutor,
to
himself.
in the
people.
friend of the
that
act, and
ended
followinganother
on
He
of
for misdeeds
of Sulla, ended
resolved
few
to
even
Clodius,
again,and
now
the
said, by largebribes
hear
days
signal
lost.
jurymen
trial,this time
the
The
misgovernment
certain
take
before
gave
courage
purchased,it was
acquittal,
given
he should
assassins
the
not
CICERO.
being carried
assembled.
was
trial for
OF
senate-house, and
signal he
This
opportunity was
The
the
band
present had
were
YS
arranged that
front
number
whole
DA
plot from
the
been
place in
THE
IN
hindered
It had
out.
his
LIFE
was
much
perfecttruth,
corrupt and
CONSPIRACY.
GREAT
all
profligatebeyond
juriesand
bearing. They
home
and
he
or
had
that
had
known
was
be very
to
of
hardships of
favor
again
for
Catiline
he had
brave, and
cold
enduring
kind.
every
which
he
and
On
to
were
to
be
unfolded
wiped
be put
It
be divided.
home,
and
was
able
remark-
and
hunger
the
strengthof
thus
him, unsuccessful
were
he
gained, he stood
consulship. In anticipationof
the
himself, and
when
bering
remem-
soldier, but
had
He
just as bad himself.
reputation for strengthand
likelyto make him popular.
been
never
power
the
was
just the
too,
courage
He
he
then
things
same
selves
them-
greedy, and
who
acquitted by men
be
to
on
They
provinces, showed
govern
horribly cruel
came
sat
gave
to
out
went
133
two
provinces,would
to
and
his
out,
death
number
men
discontented
plans.
and
All
wealthy
and
like
debts
citizens
their property
was
hoped
that
at
least of
the
support
of
the
the
consuls
armies
movement.
to
at
in the
The
ROMAN
134
LIFE
first failure
IN
YS
DA
that Catiline
was
being chosen
consul, Cicero
had
who
Antonius,
THE
unanimously,with
majority
of success,
than
lengths
in
latter
Sulla's army,
man
told
was
in
at
of
the
to
the
Catiline
set
Rome
hours
both
early.
he
thus
was
the
task
and
Thus
receive
should
we
a
he
the
Cicero.
of business
what
were
would
did
Nor
This
nicated
plan,commu-
riddinghimself
about
antagonist.
associates.
of the
for
through
lady,with whom
lady, dismayed at
to
that
knowing
met
wickedness
and
found,
discovered
of his
secret
came
again be-
Happily
turn.
every
one
love, and
boldness
The
then
consulship,resolving
designs were
weakness
the
for the
him
these
Rome
He
commanded.
thwarted
greater
old officer in
an
first to
and
Manlius,
one
candidate
want
actuallyraised troops
Italy, but especiallyin
of
parts
Etruria, which
to
over
He
ever.
various
his
at
proceeded
now
elected
not
was
small
CICEKO.
OF
Roman
in the
betrayed,
of his great
difficult.
seem
of
think
noble
pleasurein
ently
inconvenior
first hours
man
states-
of
the
it is
which
It would
would
to
custom
our
find the
great
he
would
cases
bed.
This
popular,and
therefore
sunrise
the consul
and
next
in the
To
of
had
they
day
he
to
of
of Cicero,
other
of November.
in
not
by
in his bed-chamber.
received
his door
at
surrounded
mansion,
were
this
of their
Two
finding him,
on
be
to
On
access.
the seventh
on
called
temple
supposed
could
habit
of
dependents, but
friends and
was
in
themselves
reckoned
They
The
them
knight, the
presented
shortlyafter
coming,
In
always anxious
easy
of them
one
senator,
But
yet risen.
conspiratorscounted.
the
number,
earlyvisitors
receive
probably the
was
kindly man,
habit
not
often
courteous,
in the afternoon.
that
man
friendship
or
pay
happen
sometimes
these
135
calls of ceremony
the
morning
CONSPIRACY.
GREAT
warning
of
their
refused
admittance.
meeting
of the
ate
Sen-
be the safest
placewhere
they
assemble,
this
having
ventured
meeting Catiline,a
filled high offices
to
come.
of great
power
member
of state,
stalwart
tall,
of
in
body
and
man,
right
himself
festly
mani-
mind,
but
136
ROMAN
LIFE
with
face
eyes
haggard
him
greeted
his
took
his
"
dared
enough
its
on
it
he
to
turned
How
"
suffered
that
to
from
If he
and
to
him
consul,
in
addressed
Was
; how
not
citywas
fellow-
his
was
of
shrink
men
those
would
allow
For
to
to
so
to
the present, he
guarded
mischief.
thing that
doing it.
last
everyone
live
do, but
from
against whom
detail of the
fixed for
it
as
only every
intended
to
him
incapableof
related every
had
he
rose
all the
how
live, but
speaker
not
Cicero
this forbearance
and
knew
office of
meeting
know
watched
He
when
long,Catiline,"he cried,
How
had he
patience?
long only,as to
of his guilt.
be convinced
had
man
allotted
directlyand
forbearance
so
in
"
our
shrank
plotted;
alone
sat
No
Then
guard against
long,and
was
filled the
his
and
excess,
benches
him.
for him
the
by
CICERO.
entered, and
the
on
to
?
pestilence
OF
house.
he
from
come
senators
a
wasted
had
abuse
to
YS
bloodshot, he
when
place. He
adversary.
will you
DA
crowded
who
all shrank
his
and
place
senators
THE
pale and
of
the midst
IN
the
and
Then
the
conspiracy.
the
plices
accom-
very
days
Overwhelmed
GREAT
CONSPIRACY.
137
attempted
voice,
of
Do
"
wish
to
said
voice.
my
but
humble
house
generalruin."
And
! Traitor
"
he
mere
would
and
drowned
cried,
"
are
look ! if you
But
he rushed
city,
assembly burst
on
this
He
it."
save
destruction.
to
to
consul,
this
enemies,"
My
"
whose
myself,
whole
the
Traitor
"
in
good
place,would
more,
driving me
set
much
done
the
into cries of
his
done,
have
it in ruins, while
see
lodger in
have
who
have
ancestors
said
not
Rome,
He
defense.
with
it out
of the Senate.
out
Lentulus, and
with
an
army
his road, he
senators,
of
of
management
the
promising to
at
wrote
in which
his
letters
Marseilles.
What
his
the
to
to
he
camp
some
and
on
chief
of the
give
the
up
quietlyretire
reallydid
of
long
should
his enemies
before
Halting awhile
he declared
he
and
Cethegus
to
return
back.
public peace
strugglewith
way
affairs
was
to
to
make
Manlius, where
he
138
ROMAN
LIFE
assumed
the
command.
usual
The
to
were
march
to
had
The
They
only
were
these
The
; Antonius
and
One
be
was
Cicero
to
behind
in
the
which
tribes
Capitolto
and
on
The
obtain
nothing. The
help of officials
bribes.
their
account
the
of
idea
One
trader
of
they complained.
purchased by heavy
heavily in debt both on
now
of the
effected little or
conceived
been
of
outlaw.
an
enemy,
busy.
of their needs.
had
hearing
army
neglected them.
Lentulus
CICERO.
conspiratorsleft
of
injuries
account
own
an
be
OF
regularmilitary
on
deputiesto
sent
had
men
Senate
could
raise
been
for
redress
to
the
had
Gaul
him
YS
city.
Meanwhile
Rome
of
state
against the
protect the
DA
Senate,
doings,declared
consuls
THE
IN
in
taking
tage
advan-
Gaul, could
speak
the
and
"
Behave
I will show
to
them
you
like men,"
a
way."
the existence
he answered,
He
of the
then
vealed
re-
conspiracy,
ROMAN
140
himself
LIFE
tells us
THE
in the
the
in
day
next
IN
DA
YS
OF
speech which
the
Forum
CICERO.
he delivered
of
story
what
followed.
I summoned
"
praetors
to
whose
on
their way
and
themselves
(they had
I had
from
sent
houses
was
bridge.
drawn
were
blood
and
to
over
them
the
them
their
deputies
The
Immediately
knew
to
be
seals
I sent
the
the Gauls
and
them
they
swords
the
on
handed
had
brought
beginning to
four
any
upon
These
were
for the
cross
before
unbroken.
now
their
to
Gauls
The
men
in
About
began
letters which
was
divisions
praetors appeared
themselves
day
swordsmen
bridge.
sides ; but
quiet.
was
two
charged
both
the
of their own,
numerous,
men
on
with
house.
Our
all
the
of
Bridge,
attendants
picked
morning
very
shed
was
scene,
the
side
either
on
train,which
the
their
body-guard),in
o'clock in the
two
of
made
they
Mulvian
followers
number
own
my
with
trusty
some
dusk
the
to
rely,
it grew
unobserved
posted
and
As
I could
I knew
before
matter
of the
two
presence
courage
plans.
own
my
and
to
my
dawn.
whom
principalconspirators. They
CONSPIRA
GREA
141
who
came
been
the
late
up
Some
at
last
wished
house
contents
blamed
trouble
for
to
no
matter
No
one,
too
careful
act
to
was
when
that
care
would
Gauls, I sent
safety
praetor
of
Rome
be
suggestion
of
of
at
was
should
number
being
Senate, and
that he could
great
away
of
the house
to
tant
impor-
so
me
of the
the
brought
in
responsibility.
the attendance
at
should
great deal of
accuse
meeting
large. Meanwhile,
If their
suspected I
own
my
the
a
the letters
I refused
on
sure,
had assembled
open
having given
I called
stake.
purpose.
himself.
the Senate.
what
not
were
to
had
writing the
present
who
me
before
layingthem
before
took
to
distinguished
persons
my
be
before
night
to
CY.
very
of the
Cethegus
find.
He
daggers and
swords.
"
The
Senate
Vulturcius,
House,
bade
soon
him
as
of
one
promised
the
him
tell all he
the
assembled,
being now
man
brought
conspirators, into
the
public pardon,
and
knew
could
without
speak,
terriblyfrightened,he said,
'
was
fear.
for
he
As
was
taking a
LIFE
ROMAN
142
letter and
Catiline
to
been
thus
of
it
set
OF
CICERO.
Lentulus
to
Catiline.
the
to
fire in
on
YS
various
quarters,
as
sacre.
arranged, and begin a generalmasHe was
and
to interceptthe fugitives,
effect
junction with
next
brought
the walls.' I
House.
from
instructed
walls
would
DA
THE
message
was
the
had
IN
Their
and
two
our
nation.
story
of his
was
his
the Gauls
follows.
as
companions
We
friends
into the
Lentulus
letters
us
gave
instructed
were
'
within
to
send
to
our
"
of Rome.
one
The
which
city,for
the
was
it
Vestal
was
of the
and
others
for
Sulla.
the
to
have
to
tenth
the
it done
before
gone
year
see
too
this
dispute about
fire. Lentulus
on
the
of the
of
acquittal
twentieth
After
him
the
was
the ruin
after the
Capitol.
had
was
The
destined
settingthe cityon
wished
who
that had
Virgins,
burning
the
two
and
Cicero
were
"
third Cornelius
after
the
Cethegus
the
and
time
others
feast of Saturn
this
GREA
putting it
was
letter
off
letter.
I read
the
his
handwriting and
the Senate
would
that
he
do
their
deputies,and
hand
to
perform
their
Cethegus, who
found
weapons
he had
alwaysbeen
was
overwhelmed
and
said
"
effect
him,
was
showed
'
Do
for the
by declaringthat
letter from
He
read.
in such
things,
ought
this.'
to
him
letter
whether
he
his
the
likeness
The
from
then
was
had
any
the
guilt.
asked
seal ?
Yes,' said
the
to
letter,and
his
'
seal and
much
confessed
grandfather.
have
kept you
His
his
him
acknowledge
device,
patriot,your
asked
accounted
acknowledged
answered.
well-known
as
taken.
under-
house
Lentulus
you
do,' he
it
other
deputieshad
by hearing
next
handwriting.
I then
to
nothing.
Manlius
same
the
on
connoisseur
the Gauls
promised
them
had
in his
in
this effect
to
had
he
the
cut
written
people of
begged
what
was
was
and
what
Cethegus
it.
It
the
had
First I showed
string.
he assured
143
I then
acknowledged
He
own
CY.
long.'
too
in.
brought
seal.
his
CONSPIRA
'
'I
I, 'it is
of
mere
such
read.
great
sightof
a
crime
I then
explanation to
ROMAN
144
give.
LIFE
I have
without
any
whether
he
DA
while
the
questions to
THE
nothing
After
answer.
the
IN
he
They
no
denied
expected,he
one
all his
power
turcius
then
of
about
the
was
; all his
the
abilities,
him.
Vul-
letter which
Catiline
to
opened. Lentulus
brought in and
greatlyagitated; stillhe acknowledged the
the
which
handwriting
will
know
send
to you.
of
the
what
help yoii
can,
In
against
them
you
which
must
word,
not
words
only by
seal
You
whom
Think
now
are,
and
it be
case
was
letter,
man.
do.
now
the
The
messenger
you
though
even
all
the
yourselfas
position in
consider
kind.
Bear
his.
in these
unsigned,was
who
I am
by
was
be
to
he
should
be
and
he did what
deserted
Lentulus
carrying from
was
them
of conscience.
that
begged
reply
in
followed
confessed
speech
some
him
thing,but
every
put
him
to
What
his first
answered
asked
spoken
not
CICERO.
and
rose
hesitation,and
had
OF
say,'was
to
Gauls.
Sibyllinebooks.
might
YS
of
the meanest
was
the
made
out
seals, the
their downcast
Their
CONSPIRACY.
GREAT
145
enough,
were
Lentulus
was
He
praetor.
handed
Catiline
were
when
his
they
of
elements
cities.
would
of
same
were
to
time
been
liberal
made
was
one
by
discovered.
Cicero's
No
one
profitby conflagrationand
they
disposed
were
known
there
that
always are
by theclients
of
of the noblest
rescue
several
him
from
of the
most
in
determined
take
to
Still there
party of order.
danger,as
be made
familywas
Rome,
the
It
had
greatlymoved
had
to
; and
sides with
whom
capital,to
expect
massacre
and
who
and
of what
could
the
custody
called for.
were
companions
favor, were
account
in safe
them
orders
and
promises,
what
keep
them
lower
The
to
produce
to
proof,
other
to
over
bound
were
no
them."
convict
to
been
other
each
at
were
great
effort
Lentulus, whose
and
wealthiest
custody.
At
in
the
powerful nobles
stronglysuspected of favoringthe
lutionists.
revo-
the wealthiest
Crassus, in particular,
146
LIFE
ROMAN
in Rome,
man
before
account
had
that
been
that he
to
afraid
to
were
its truth
Senate
that
he
or
forward.
at
who
that
Crassus
to
the
should
whose
and
special
by
the
of
arrest
of those
heard
in such
who
believed
be
to
under
allow
credibl
in-
it. Crassus
himself
were
who
seemed
againstso powerfula
falsehood,
its author
of
risk
the accused
resolved
disclosed
to
many
obligationsto
witnesses
massacre,
charge
who
Those
it
press
there
The
stake
perilousventures.
same
of those
at
the
other
the courage
large.
much
too
Catiline.
to
march
only he must
the
delay,and so rescue
others
restore
most
said,
was
alarmed
citywithout
still at
plicity.
com-
brought
gave
bearer
to
be
to
the
prisonersand
were
the
Crassus
and
the
and
he
given by
was
not
was
Lentulus
upon
he
from
message
with
was
his way
actuallyon
added
had
Tarquinius
to
as
of the
CICERO.
OF
when
Charged
YS
DA
openly charged
was
certain
the
arrested
THE
IN
it were
citizen ;
too
great
it,whatever
The
be insisted upon.
false,and
charge was
kept in custody till
suggestionhe
himself
believed
had
come
that
the
48
ROMAN
oners
IN
LIFE
THE
DA
traitors,and
were
YS
CICERO.
pay
the
must
OF
usual
penalty.
consul
The
be
still feared
He
attempted.
might
rescue
the
officials
prison,the
to
to
himself
preparations,and
Lentulus
conducted
directed
all necessary
make
that
other
inals
crim-
The
this
building,which
of the
side
eastern
twelve
feet
by King
vaulted
Tullius.
Lentulus
hurried
was
suffered
escorted
the
his
The
chief
fashion.
twelve
thousand
of these
were
had
men
and
noisome
fate.
house
by
he
THEY
the
H is accomplices
consul
enthusiastic
an
it had
with
answered
fared
the
LIVED."
HAVE
died
contrived
; but
den,
The
how
asked
conspirator
He
and
hideous.
were
this
same
was
"
walls
place
pit
strangledhim.
condemned,
words
significant
the
constructed
quite dark,
into
the
he
When
crowd.
with
to
been
stone
was
the
the executioners
where
was
had
; it
filth of
and
stench
have
to
It
roof
under
CapitolineHill, was
deep, said
stone
situated
was
in
ignoble
collect about
to
only
regularlyarmed
less
fourth
; the
rest
part
car"
GREAT
ried
hunting
avoided
of
the
When
he had
fifth of December
took
ranks
; with
made
into
Gaul.
Rome,
the year
for him
62
could
generalmore
skillful.
against him
were
saw
that
thickest
all
of
He
wounds.
of
was
the
was
his men,
have
But
to
armies
himself
force
fight,and
found
serting
de-
ready
the army
the south.
give
battle.
The
met.
that
day
been
braver,
the forces
overpowering.
lost, he
of
Apennines
from
but
the
B.C.
joined
north-west,
Antonius, with
showed
soldier
No
best.
he found
the
that his
had
the
pressinghim
remained
on
faithful he
the
across
But
while
was
leader
rebel
who
the
in Rome.
saw
remained
to
his way
his way,
Nothing
Early in
that
by
opportunity
march
make
to
Hither
bar
from
those
him
him, he
first
the
hurried
hoping
reached
news
cause
happened
desperate. Many
positionwas
the
had
hear
to
his
left behind
of what
news
first he
At
hoping
friends whom
to
hand.
to
came
engagement,
an
149
spears,
that
weapon
any
CONSPIRACY.
rushed
fell
stillbreathingand
no
arrayed
When
into
pierced
afterwards
his
at
he
the
with
far in advance
with
the
150
ROMAN
same
LIFE
haughty
him
force
contagious
free
alive
man
either
followed
CONSPIRACY.
THE
in
it.
of
the
Such
life.
of
his
battle
was
CICERO.
OF
his
on
in
all
YS
DA
expression
distinguished
single
IN
which
face
And
such
example
or
the
in
the
end
the
was
that
followers
his
had
taken
was
pursuit
of
not
that
GREAT
CAIUS
JULIUS
CESAR.
CHAPTER
VIII.
CESAR.
later
years
as
when
how
his
see
the
how
head, I
so
own
he
fortune
was
more
pounds
any
hold
publicoffice
him
This
; and
did
it,certainly
scratches
likelyto
contrived
the fortune
than
in debt.
arranged,
As
had
and
hair is
then
tain
enter-
design as overthrowingthe
liberties of Rome."
He
; but
tyrant
singlefingerhe
conceive
cannot
monstrous
enormous.
carefullyhis
with
delicately
In
"
policy,"said Cicero,
of
temper
was
spendthrift.
all his
thirty
not
of Rome,
master
fop and
and
die
to
was
chieflyknown
"
who
Caesar,
eight-and-twenty,
AT
three
was
of his
spend
wife
hundred
before
office,when
not
to
they were
improve
his
; and
thousand
he had
he
his
came
held
to
position.
LIFE
ROMAN
IS 2
He
appointed
was
Appian Way
from
office
and
he
for
name),
London
his
had
is
own
the
Caesar
of
one
gladiatorsfought in
the
and
armor
trainingwhich
he
first and
The
six hundred
last,not
apiece, and
pf the whole
many
and
of them,
would
very
gladiator,
the
long
before
he
expensive
hundred
perhaps
be
he
pairs of
fortywould
and
less than
number,
which
undergo
to
of
twenty
weapons,
had
to
deal of
good
; and
arena
of
Mayor
shows
and
nified
sig-
treasury, but
Lord
the
slave.
public
made
was
far outdid
could
sides
sedile,be-
other
the
the
as
next
management
expected,to spend
money.
his
His
the
and
from
expenses
At
with
spent
expensive.
allowance
An
expected,just
was
He
his
his
for travelers
route
for
was,
the
led southward
more
temples
publicgames.
him
that
repairs.
still
was
the
CICERO.
East).
in
always
it
buildingsin
the
the
money
keeping
by
was
OF
guardians of
the
sedile
Expensive
of the
one
and
of
of
YS
DA
road
Rome,
sum
THE
(the great
Greece
to
great
IN
cost,
pounds
a
third
killed in the
ROMAN
154
to
LIFE
IN
to
honor.
it
restore
this great
inscribed
were
which
he
the
seen,
height of
at
populace
again
see
said,
"
is
victories
home.
be
may
vacant.
to
some
abroad
Such
This
"
leader,
man," he
againsthis
afraid
was
or
people,it soon
remarkable
proof
What
given
their
was
his
was
filled with
were
Senate.
even
for the
man
became
into
of their
Csesar
that
nobles
out
the likeness
however,
As
act.
young
favor.
the
bringing battering-ramsagainst
Senate,
to
the
in the
broke
no
he is
The
these
delight; many
Catulus, who
fear.
Csesar
country,
it."
The
successor.
accused
barians.
bar-
magistrate's
the young
enthusiastic
joy to
and
anger
by
the
from
of the show
worthy
which
on
victories
of the
Rome
of
statues
expressions of
for
CICERO.
secretlymade,
morning
generalastonishment
audacity. Then the
wept
OF
caused
He
names
the
YS
DA
delivered
had
On
were
be
to
man
THE
and
called
It
was
aged
High
who
high
there
gave
of
were
its
hood
Priest-
honor
an
man
borne
competitors
the
willing
un-
monly
com-
had
honors
on
won
at
this
C"SAR.
occasion, Catulus
155
being
the lists.
enter
would
raise
Indeed, he staked
end.
When
the
on
day
with
door
kissed
see
her,
fact
The
either
signsof
confident
been
that his
and
courage
of
his future
position in
the
began to remember
youth. In the days when
who
Caesar
had
had ventured
been
to
he had
himself
Cunia, another
of
or
had
these
stories
always
Now
of his
of the very
was
the
of
master
was
married
will
assured
was
one
and
always shown
country
Sulla
the
exile."
an
greatness.
turned
ambition, and
men
Rome,
had
to
to-dayyou
Priest
that Caesar
was
"
ing
leav-
was
him
He
eyes.
High
to
the struggle.
he
followed
Mother," he said,
"
son
your
in her
tears
all on
of election
him
saying that he
cessful
bring it to a suc-
to
sum
to
bribe
heavy
induce
to
contest,
greater
the
sought
the
from
withdraw
such
which
at
held, determined
refused
Catulus
which
by
He
But
them.
the age
commonly
were
of
one
man's
his
few
will.
uncle,
daughter
the
popular leaders.
him
to
of
This
156
LIFE
ROMAN
refused.
For
Sulla
but
however,
the
THE
DA
induced
to
friends who
to
that he
The
neighborhood
of
hands
of the
terror
of all the
Asia
firstproceeding
for his
they wanted
not
for many
it safer
them
"
have
Messengers
were
Caesar, who
was
of slaves, made
he
wanted
message
He
to
much
how
Twenty talents,"
You
answer.
whom
shall have
fifty."
to
left with
friend and
and
couple
to
commanding
sleep he
his
would
captors
joinedtheir sports,read
poems
them, and roundly abused them
barbarians
most
to
of.
sent
the
His
"
got hold
the
time
to
and
as
send
be
If
a
silent.
speeches
ignorant
if they failed
telling
joke was
to
at
ask
ransom.
"
see
Mediterranean.
to
was
he
on
You
"
travelingin
were
Eastern
do
found
Minor
who
pirates,
boy,
material
While
time.
danger ;
for him,
if you
Caesar
young
Italyfor
in
it,remarking,
still but
was
Mariuses."
leave
CICERO.
interceded
that in this
OF
spare
grain of sense,
boy there is the
not
YS
time
some
was
ground
have
IN
to
C"SAR.
The
laughed
men
long
not
were
serious
earnest.
money
arrived
immediately
squadron,
the
after the
to
pirateswere
handsomely
pay
the
consider
Caesar's
to
case,
mind.
his way
made
death.
of his
manner
The
own.
he
province,who
of life and
power
But
he
kind, had
views
of
rich and
could
afford
said. This
He
the
people saw
their
a
worst
chance
Catiline
resolute
These
when
discovered
and
gamus,
Per-
hands,
in whom
man
the nobles
last seemed
the
to
see
conspiracyof
crushed.
He
was
accused, especially
by Cato, of having been
accomplice;
all
at
to
own
ruininghim
was
not
back
hastened
would
He
was
his
prisoners.
enemy.
of
the
to
the governor,
was
in his hands
had
He
released.
was
of his
returningto the scene
and captured the greater part
Leaving his prisoners in safe
of the
governor
the
time
Miletus, equipped
to
Pergamus,
at
in most
was
five weeks'
Caesar
went
and
he
findingthat
in
and
band.
custody
the
at
In about
found
captivity,
of the
157
and
when
an
after
158
ROMAN
LIFE
the debate
IN
in which
the arrested
mobbed
by
the
it
sure
of
of
the
charge was
favor
not
leave
of
stood
which, whether
or
no,
of his character.
the
way
to
his
of his
He
province,
mean
particularly
One
are
and
"and
man
here
he
satisfied the
he
did
hundred
by
who
and
thous-
anecdotes
teristic
curiouslycharac-
passing,on
was
that
town
had
look.
poverty-stricken
are
the first
was
old
in Rome,
companions remarked,
indeed, for
was
The
This
he
him, and
had
man
two
need
of office
belong two
this time
true
have
Spain.
his creditors.
in-
too
was
year
term
till he
help
pounds.
next
Further
Rome
of his life.
Caesar
pressingof
most
it. The
was
pressed ;
people to
after his
ended, governor
could
he
Cicero's
danger
never
of the
win
praetor, and
of debt
CICERO.
formed
manifestlyfalse,for
was
trouble
OF
argued againstputting
in
even
was
conspiringto
made
he had
YS
gentlemen who
the formal
/deed
DA
conspiratorsto death,
body-guard, and
But
THE
myself, I
would
than
second
the
"
I dare
say
here, and
said
Caesar;
sooner
be
in Rome."
CAESAR.
Arrived
of
leisure
He
Alexander.
burst
"
journey'send, he
his
at
into
sat
enough
hour
awhile
he
that
at
half
the
thought,then
inquiredthe cause.
lost in
it not
Alexander
age
world, while
as
of the
to
provincials
the
at
to
honor
difficulty. He
of
by
the
the
to
of the
for the
beginning
to
was
to
voted
to
consulship must
canvass
when
was
and
the
sion
proces-
in
paigns),
cam-
date
candi-
general
outside
followed
in his
who
the gates
him, while
lose
the
rode
become
a
self
him-
have
prisonerstaken
consulship. But
triumph had to wait
city till it
trived
con-
enough
to
Capitol,preceded
for the
desired
of
Rome
general
he also wished
and
dominion
to
wished
victorious
spoilsand
he contrived
money
triumph (a triumph
a
done
ended, he found
was
in which
chariot
make
to
Returning
of command
his year
have
their satisfaction,and
time
his debts.
pay
in
the
same
quered
con-
Rome
as
cause
had
life of
the
replied. "Is
my
the opportunity
took
read
to
His friends
tears.
cause?"
The
159
no
didate
can-
time
in
people. Caesar,
160
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
and
consulship,
which
day, and
and
to
not
were
and
they
divide
power
and
had
very
of
sought
of
be
of
means
to
attain
be made
out
put
we
this
of the
doing
shall hear
bitter hatred
to
did
some
that
putting himself
him, and
have
He
hesitation.
say
were
Clodius, of whom
a
prizes
determined
ready
the
would
Caesar
some
state
new
should
orator
way
the three
to
of Rome
masters
felt
then
thingswhich
they were
agreeable because
more
of the
true
before, the
said
; and
ventured
; he
the
them
perhaps,without
more
of
enemies,
Cicero
made
willingly
been
them.
between
soldier
been
Caesar reconciled
of power
Coalition
had
two
togetheragreed
not,
has
as
These
man.
famous
famous
most
Crassus,
richest
for the
stood
the
was
that
he made
is commonly
Pompey
He
the two,
triumphantlyelected.
was
consul
Once
CICERO.
between
show.
to
OF
YS
choice
his
having to make
preferred power
DA
THE
troublesome
way.
They
certain
it.
hereafter,
more
againstCicero, and by
in a positionto injure
other
objectsof
tribune.
But
his own,
there
was
162
LIFE
ROMAN
What
IN
THE
Clodius
mischief
against Cicero
work
prize
of the
of
he left
he had
the satisfaction of
The
That
to
next
received
five years.
his command,
up
done,
he
driven
crossed
the
(forhis government
periodwhen the first
another
engaged in almost
incessant
though still finding time to
war,
The
of Rome.
the politics
campaigns
manage
from
which
in making Gaul
the Alps to
ended
came
the
British
the Rhine,
my
dealingswith
this
made
a
than
not
own
early in
force of
summer
effect
without
more
say
our
in the
words
few
island.
of 55
landing on
considerable
the
the Atlantic
within
about
his
he did little
the
loss.
followingyear,
than
to
Nevertheless, it may
describe.
to
from
possession,it is not
Roman
interestingto
more
was
Channel, and
purpose
be
he
for
seeing Cicero
nine years
prolonged for
to
an
end)
was
take
Italy to
next
in the
Caesar
Gaul
Before
Alps.
enabled
province
into banishment.
CICERO.
shall hear
we
for
OF
thus
was
chapterbut one.
His
consulship ended,
substantial
YS
DA
coast,
and
In the next,
he
fortythousand
employed
men,
con-
BRITISH
CHIEFTAIN.
163
CAESAR.
veyed
flotillaof
Britons
the
time
his
in
did
and
landing;
way
the
to
promised
empire
at
though
of
men,
not
the cost
of
war
with
to
fear and
to
children
the
to
world.
hate his
of
amount
of
two
to
lions
mil-
(forCsesar,
the
The
conqueror
coalition indeed
had
foolish and
Parthians, and
ten
careless
absolutely
leave
East, carryingon
and
say,
cruel,was
positively
the
now
some
and
of
great province
horrible
the
hostages
gave
women,
broken
with
peace
add
and
suffering),
was
was
now
native
one
to
of the Roman
master
London
of
as
little
some
generalresult
the country
The
tribute.
years'fightingwas
the
submission
native
where
finallyconcluded
tribe,and
and
the
in the
invariably
the Thames
of
westward
oppose
him
crossed
stands, received
to
met
changed
him, layingwaste
He
they went.
they
This
ships.
venture
then
They
before
retired
not
when
he marched
field,
as
defeated.
eighthundred
perishedin
unprovoked
Pompey
had
come
64
ROMAN
LIFE
him
commanded
certain
tillhe
made
his
famous
the
thought
the
awhile.
war
of how
judge
his
Then
"
Italy.
his
own,
returned
made
his way
had
collected
was
the
pained
at
would
the
famous
plunged
Rome
waste
into the
and
hour
an
from
in pursuing
making Italywholly
into Spain, which
was
marched
and
Pompey's stronghold,
he
consulted
First
success.
he
not
the
his act
with
fled from
did
Caesar
even
posteritywould
die is cast," he
The
Pompey
stream.
his
conduct.
this
thought
even
of which
beginning,and
cross
He
professed himself
of the
was
separated
and
he
vance
ad-
Italy,
Rubicon,
war,
a
an
to
of
To
be the
words,
considered
boundaries
declare
by
continued
by himself;
He
his friends.
his army
Umbria.
hesitated
over
CICERO.
OF
forever, which
from
Caesar
course
He
name,
to
practically
resolute
YS
being
the
to
came
CisalpineGaul
was
of
country.
then
DA
disperse
pain
the
of
THE
to
day, on
enemy
IN
to
Rome,
secured
and
from
into Macedonia,
his forces.
fought at
Pharsalia
remnants
of
in
Rome
where
The
again
Pompey
decisive
Thessaly
Pompey's party
Thence
it.
; for
held
battle
though
out,
the
165
CAESAR.
of the
issue
war
doubtful
never
was
after that
day.
Returning
in
speak),he
as
he
shown
the
had
written
that
; and
had
he
condescended
to
the
his friend
consistent
the
in Caesar
nature
himself
he
gave
while
the
with
he showed
policyof
He
written
; and
than
it
take
to
as
of
Cato
even
had
the
mercy
To
it.
He
dignitiesand
of
his
he
even
troversy.
friendly con-
little treatise
Cato
had
been
Caesar, and
required
it in
no
had
He
to
answer,
and
of
little good
good part.
useless
to
way
writingan
how
to
kindness.
the
compliments to
man.
Cato
of Rome,
master
need
him, and
into
had
rather
much
out
with
adversary
killed himself
as
all his
enter
Cicero
no
Egypt, tellinghim
gone
interview
an
is
winning
and
from
keep
to
proceedings
not
him
to
was
arrange
about
in
greatest courtesy
he
honors
there
energy
he showed
but
his
victorywith
his
used
had
Cicero
elsewhere
and
Egypt
(forof
Rome
to
in
tented
con-
which
which,
unpractical
of
genius and integrity
conferred
upon
Cicero
the
the dis-
66
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
tinguishedhonor
thus
formidable
of
in
describes
THE
I have
guest
8th he
was
was
himself
could
thousand
happen
host
What
"
On
not
am
ber
Decem-
in the
ing.
even-
The
brother-in-law.)
Barba
there
that
troops
where
But
day.
next
well.
the great
there
man
two
were
what
reallyanxious
was
the
Still,I
I suppose
dine.
men.
with
chamber
scarcelya
CICERO.
Atticus.
had
his
crammed
so
OF
house
Philippus'
(Philippuswas
villa
to
off very
to
came
YS
visit ; which
letter
sorry
DA
Cassius
might
to
came
one
with
took
stroll
(a most
sat
no
As
he
and
entertainment
ate
in the
was
After
Then
epigram
over
this he
came
the
Mamurra,
to
epigram by Catullus),and
annoyance.
down.
medicine,
shore.
the
scurrilous
betrayed
and
the
on
afternoon.
going
was
Balbus, I fancy.
heard
He
bath.
the
in
He
admitted.
was
accounts
o'clock
he
and
He
was
for dinner
dressed
under
drank
without
pleasantesthumor.
sumptuous
and
of
course
hension
appreThe
elaborate
68
of
reality
the
it, Tarquin
out
nearly
the
from
had
books
the
conquer
of the
Parthians
command
of
driven
before.
be, judicio
that Caesar
prophecy
if she
There
it may
Sibyl,that
had
King
been
anxious
were
some
last bearer
the
since
The
it.
assume
the
the
of
name
centuries
enemies, who
CICERO.
suspiciousof
Proud,
seven
OF
friends, or,
injudicious
now
should
YS
The
Rome
at
of
DA
grew
signs.
hateful
were
THE
power,
of its outward
been
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
quoted
was
Rome
might
made
"
air.
indignationmanifest, and
no
king, only Caesar ; but
with
that
he passed on
bore
He
himself
haughtily
served
ob-
was
gloomy
the
in
not
gildedchair
not
it
replied,
pliments
risingto acknowledge the comAt
the festival of
paid to him.
Lupercalia,as he sat looking on at the
sports in
bay
he
"
am
Senate,
the
and
a
clad in
crown
triumphal
wreathed
applause followed ;
general,however, but manifestlygot
leaves.
Some
with
it
was
up for
169
CAESAR.
It
statues
were
These
two
the
people
tribunes
had
from
may
to
their
these
he
resolved
day
which
him
not
he
but
to
that
the words
midoros, of
thus
associates
come
the
of which
those
much
so
Plutarch
be
The
it :
"
Arte-
Greek, who
with
become
to
again in
once
of
the
in the
was
describes
teacher
of Brutus, had
By
fatal
purpose.
told
intimate
who
on
be
to
his
be
we
that he
his house
was
from
conspira-
wanting.
not
upon
may
Cnidus,
to
them
Brutus, who
followed
in which
had
satisfa
generaldis-
some
stir from
him
of the
The
from
were
understood
plot,dissuaded
had
The
the
at
king.
Caesar
come
Decimus
as
induced
wrought
was
had
scene
him
office.
have
secret,
and
His
them.
imprisonment
caused
to
in the
were
the
proceed. Warnings,
suppose
plauded
ap-
rejection
upon
removed,
delighted,but
thus
tors
second
crowns
just saluted
were
degraded
with
ordered
who
men
few
hearty approval.
same
found
time
same
be misunderstood.
not
and
away,
again, and
before, while
forth
crown
could
offered
was
as
drew
followed
that
the shout
put the
Caesar
the occasion.
some
of the
acquaintedto
LIFE
ROMAN
iyo
had
drawn
which
with
extent
great
came
would
him.
read
had
been
Cassius
invoked
was
In the
stood
the dead
to
Antony,
Csesar and
of
statue
at
who
to
rose
of
this
was
of great
man
purposelykept in conversation
Brutus.
senate-house
by Decimus
of the associates
it,
by
stood
silently
though
of Epicurus.
firmly
strength,
outside
As
greet him.
Brutus
Senate
Pompey.
it and
was
the
skepticaltenets
the
to
which
help,and
man's
Meanwhile
attached
took
hindered
was
looked
have
to
inclined
matters
thronged to salute
hand, he passed into
place to
summoned
is said
it contains
that
it in his
Keeping
House.
'
it,but
of persons
gave
slaves with
yourself.'Caesar
have
the
Csesar
and
quickly:
nearlyconcern
the crowd
he
that
and
of the information
close
up
CICERO.
in progress,
was
to
and
what
OF
YS
the papers
that
DA
statement
up
he had
him, he
THE
IN
the
Csesar
Some
behind
his
joiningtheir
Tullius
brother.
was
He
entreaties
to
addressingto
sat
down,
and
which
those
him
on
Cimber
behalf of his
rejectedthe petition
CAESAR.
with
Tullius
his toga
seized
then
arid
dragged it from
signal for attack.
his
wound
The
serious,
agitatedwas
so
first blow
turned
in
it fast,cryingat the
what
villain,
thou
cried in Greek
Those
to
his
brother,
with
overcome
'
drawn
he turned
sword
his eyes
They
in his hand
he
saw
strike,and he struggledlike
the hunters.
should
friend
some
take
as
say,
hither and
as
he
They
saw
he
could
plot
could neither
speak.
The
Caesar
each
ready
weapon
wild beast
agreed that
to
among
every
and
hold back.
not
Casca
; whithersoever
was,
he
had
Casca,
'
the
privy to
held
nor
cry
Caesar
?' while
about
horror.
dealing
at
in Latin,
thou
not
even
dagger, and
time
were
first on
deed.
art
who
senators
were
terrible
same
the
was
him
striker
the
hands
fatal,nor
not
the
him, seized
upon
This
struck
was
so
both
with
neck.
Casca
the neck.
the
171
one
Brutus"
The
rest,
with
drawn
; but
sword
as
soon
in his
ceased
ROMAN
172
LIFE
IN
THE
DA
whether
resist,falling,
to
from
by
blows
each
his
at
body
Field
his
of Mars.
gildedmodel
(Csesarclaimed
the
of
ivory,with
at
its head
descent
in the
sudden
two
each
and
set
had
the
they
held
he
(where
wearing
men,
carrying two
lightto
of Mother
Venus.
^Eneas
was
from
couch
robe which
he had
officers
High
in their
the
was
swords
of
killed). Of
at
it the
heap
their side,
forward
torches
The
into
burning it
in
Capitol,some
waxen
hands.
hastilypiledup
throwing on
idea
came
javelins,
it with
the
chapelof Jupiter in
Hall
in the
Some
Pompey's
which
erected
was
assassinated.
was
able
remark-
pit in
this shrine
trophy with
the Forum.
was
through
of
repeated
erected
Forum
coverlets
he
when
worn
aimed
was
temple
goddess.)Within
this
and
In
received
of his assailants
funeral
burned
pulsion
com-
pedestal of
have
to
they
by
or
Many
be
of the
CICERO.
the
popularity. The
to
was
said
as
His
body."
proof of
the
other
OF
chance
the assassins, at
He is
Pompey's statue.
three-and-twentywounds.
struck
YS
which
crowd
of
of
wood,
brush-
dry
stande
by-
hustings,the benches,
CAESAR.
and
thing
any
The
present.
flute
they had
threw
The
to
come
in the
them
could
be entered
March)
business
was
ever
the
with
which
of their children.
up
so
the murder
that it never
The
again.
to
clad,
ers
funeral,whilemoth-
blocked
to
flames, and
buildingin which
declared
was
the
as
threw
actors
they were
upon
ornaments
perpetratedwere
was
in which
attend
of the
doors
brought
the decorations
added
veterans
been
players and
rent
the
had
that
triumphalrobes
off the
173
be accursed.
be done
No
public
it.
upon
proceedingsprobablyrepresentedthe
popular feelingabout the deed, for Caesar, in
These
addition
have
to
the
genius
which
every
one
must
make
which
recognized,had just the qualities
but
men
popular. He had no scruples,
then
he
had
debts
enormous
paying
the
what
the
and
no
them
"
robbery of
no
with
but
chance, we
others.
he wanted,
He
meannesses.
He
faint
may
incurred
chance
of
say, except
by
upon
sand
takingfor instance three thoupounds weight of gold from the treasury of
Capitoland leavinggildedbrass in its stead ;
he plundered the unhappy Gauls without
LIFE
ROMAN
174
then
was
was
unscrupulous
in
of all
attractive
defeat
by
the
to
face with
is
into
of the
had
and
by
hundred
two
paces
teeth, for he
allowed
He
it suited
men,
his
to
the
not
and
regret.
to
tion
hesitathem
rival stood
to
he
Alexandria
the
ed,
besieg-
He
swam
a
ship,lifting
keep
the
it out
of the
in
his
boast
enemy
his person.
children,he
historywithout
If
face
small boat, he
nearest
have
hesitation,justas
in his
At
nothing to stand
policy to massacre
women,
without
or
would
in
would
force
the harbor.
securingany spoilfrom
of
again
and
water,
most
seize them
main
sallyof
sudden
manuscript in
in
obeyed.
a
the
leapinto
to
and
was
surprisedby
was
of the
one
he discovered
surrender, and
had
victory. He
get them
foe.
the
giving as
He
taking.
as
fugitives
they ran,
throat, and
two
free in
as
CICERO.
OF
qualities. Again
battle he turned
of the
YS
too, which
personalcourage,
lay hold
DA
he
But
remorse.
he
THE
IN
in his way.
a
gave
whole
the
recorded
he
a
in
trace
of
his way
If
tribe,
order
wards
it afterremorse
he
had
76
ROMAN
He
LIFE
THE
of
baldness, which
subjectof
his head
him
to
; and
the
by
he
him
to
arms,
excellent
On
hardy.
ride, but
his head
He
with
swim
it,or
Thus
he would
miles
if he
sometimes
For
often
in his
to
pavement
to
to
be
had
river he would
it
bladders.
on
He
with
laid down
in Gaul.
own
keen
costlyand
was
carried
campaign
anticipatehis
personal habits.
have
sunshine.
for several
day
cross
all this he
pleasure,and
and
ersing
expedition,trav-
in
came
times
some-
walk, keeping
in rain
marvelous
hundred
days together;
his
both
of
use
arily
extraordin-
would
he
march
commonly
more
uncovered
traveled
of
the
him
garland of
and
swimmer,
was
gave
skillful in the
wonderfully
an
decreed
people, none
rightof continuallywearing
bay."
was
made
was
It had become
the
He
ment
disfigure-
found
of all the
and
CICERO.
the
at
bringup
Senate
welcome
more
OF
YS
lampoons.
many
ihis habit,therefore,to
over
DA
excessivelyannoyed
was
the
IN
him
is
sengers.
mes-
tion
apprecia-
even
ous
luxuri-
stance
said, for ina
in his tent
tesselated
out
through-
CN^EUS
POMPEIUS
MAGNUS.
CHAPTER
IX.
POMPEY.
AT
an
his time,
as
the
Caesar
Pompey
had
could
regard
aspire.
achieved
the
as
had
He
serve
him
under
when
behaving
in
and
danger
courage.
he
in
The
squint-eyed,"as
was
they
indeed
took
him
against
not
than
more
of
great
by
difficulty
and
extraordinary prudence
elder
his
fashion
personal defects,
was
Strabo
Pompey,
an
of
giving
he
"
the
called him,
contemporaries
from
strange
the
distinguished himself
their
call himself,
tomed
accus-
which
father
war
He
after
to
the
circumstances
with
were
Rome
his
such
honors
highest to
left,school, when
he had
still idlingaway
was
generals of
veteran
to
to
when
age
nicknames
and
as
able
general,but
was
content
hated
178
ROMAN
for his
LIFE
crueltyand
faction
opposite
rid of
to
saw
their
son
as
he
and
at
the
the
troops.
The
CICERO.
leaders of the
of
forces
the
manded.
com-
the
mutiny
however,
secret,
he
assassinate
stir up
to
bringingover
which
to
was
burn
time
same
and
the
plan
slept,to
OF
The
enemy
side
own
YS
opportunity of getting
an
dangerous
DA
avarice.
Their
THE
IN
among
kept.
not
was
letter
drank
pledged his
He
on
but
then
rose,
with
the
rouse
immediately
Pompey, though
his
son's
quellit.
occasion.
repeated blows,
in
an
he
The
been
Throwing
comrades
of the
were
man
ran
camp
the elder
preserved by
not
on
he
determined
to
attempt
equal
was
himself
camp,
then
The
and
uproar,
had
younger
and
revolt.
to
stabbed
assassins
precautions,dared
The
soldiers
was
heartiness.
especial
in his bed.
not
usual, and
after
the coverlet
to
freelythan
more
his
face
declared
to
the
to
in
that
desert
to
POMPEY.
they must
the enemy,
the
effected between
was
Not
died, struck, it
and
Pompey
not
long
before
this
incident
service
to
the
to
Others
Pompey.
of
party
himself
to
do
He
his way
to
Picenum,
made
estates
we
great, and
was
twenty
thousand
and
the
situated
where
raised
three
with
his
force
on
towns
the
of
by
which
them,
his
having
champion
he
cause.
his
family
of the
ence
influ-
own
sariat
commis-
hurried
of
Three
of
one
was
the
all their
generalssought to intercepthim.
his whole
their
legions(nearly
complete,and
of Sulla.
than
Pompey
where
and
transport
assistance
something for
men),
better
seek
to
Sulla's camp
resolved
did
aristocrats
content
were
personalsafety in
the
of
civil war
The
few
and
rage,
was
opportunity
an
the
It
master.
own
found
he
his troops.
said, by lightning,
was
his
became
body.
reconciliation
generaland
after
weeks
many
father
his dead
over
pass
prevailed,and
entreaties
His
179
the
to
hostile
He
fell with
and
crushed
victory,the
slain
in
opposing
sonal
per-
single
force.
i8o
ROMAN
him
as
who
LIFE
IN
deserted
to
third
During
and
continued
two
crowd
saluted
that
him
to
unwilling to
triumph.
"
could
had
to
not
been
have
the
to
was
name
The
the
name
of his
of
headed
at
his
young
Sulla
glory
who
was
least
was
of
house
praetor,
(gens), Strabo
This
in its stead.
not
Scipios, who
family(familia).
disused,assuming Magnus
and
But
the
supreme
or
was
title which
which
"
in
these
family name.1
first of the
of
he
him,
meet
obtain, but
consul,
been
reputation
himself
one," he said,
No
and
seat
last
Great,
honor
grant, the
triumph.
Pompeius
his
as
anxious
generalwas
had
use
further
was
the
Pompey
guished
distin-
As
the
to
ceived
re-
victories
Africa.
forth
went
as
his
his
to
more
with
won
after
Rome
he continued
there
He
in
not
age,
years
increase.
to
campaigns,
of
able
Sulla
was
risingfrom
approach.
Gaul, in Sicily,and
returning
himself
barely
was
even
next
to
commander
found
partisan,who
his
the
CICERO.
totallyrouted.
was
honors,
at
OF
him
twenty-three years
uncovering
YS
second
encounter
his young
or
his army
by
;
escape
the
DA
their deliverer.
ventured
than
THE
he
seems
82
ROMAN
LIFE
professed
"
if I
"
not
were
THE
great
adversary,
IN
YS
DA
the
whip
not
him
underrate
to
serious
some
to
Perpenna
he
had
taken
to
of
most
held
secret
and
had
admirable
Sertorius.
invited him
by
the
years
little likely
to
ated
assassin-
was
Perpenna.
which
defeated
was
He
and
endeavored-
who
in Rome,
had
Pompey,
into
while
With
Italy.
he
ordered
the
of the traitor,burned
letters unread.
Returning
usual
good
to
Italyhe
fortune.
ence
producing the correspondof
This
implicatedsome
communications
wisdom
five
men
distinguished
even
pey's
Pom-
disastrous
command,
prisoner by Pompey.
put
checkered
were
acquired,and
his life by
good
him.
Sertorius
to
took
was
seemed
in
unable
was
thus
save
the
and
his second
by
he
ing
(mean-
and
practice,
For
defeats.
end, when
an
young
boy," he said,
dealingwith
second
strugglecontinued,
come
in
againsthim
of the
successes
his
CICERO.
for
contempt
I should
OF
That
was
followed
country
had
by
his
been
183
POMPEY.
sufferingcruellyfrom
slaves,
revolt of the
which
the
Roman
in supreme
was
the
insurgent
this with
and
which
defeated
boast,
"
honors
No
enemy,"
he
pulledup
were
too
skillful and
so
it
so
the
great for
fortunate
belief in
always a great
by
war
a
(forthe
Crassus
enabled
thus
was
was
fall in,
Pompey
"
the
but
and
escape,
happened to
completelydestroyed.
he
which
to
feated
de-
considerable
army.
contrived
body, however,
and
attacked
command,
the
to
roots."
at
man
once
had
Romans
tune).
general'sgood forOn the 3 1 st of December, B. c. 71, being
that is,having held
still a simple gentleman
civil office in the State
he triumphed for
no
a
"
"
the
second
time, and
to
years
Crassus
Still he had
below
the
followingday,
the legalage, and
of the offices
the
to
mount
commonwealth,
on
not
it was
the
on
his
yet
which
highestdignity in
he entered
being
by
colleague.
reached the heightof
his
his
con-
84
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
THE
the pirateswho
sulship,
had
as
of Northern
southern
the
more
made
in after
case
of Asia
eye
in the
their
to
in the
Even
Italy
The
harbor
stationed
there.
Roman
be such
"
"
and
him, and
to
and
under
Misenum
Caieta
the very
the
pirates
who
had
expeditionagainst them.
only to
blockade
Ostia,
and
almost
within
capture
the
fleet that
They
citizens.
the
of
of the admiral
not
of Rome,
city,but
of the
harbor
burned
an
ventured
even
the
to
strongholds.
From
led
before
the year
sible
impos-
was
of Rome
armies
seas
pirates
shipping,was
of the prsetor.
gain. It
and
the
safe.
not
was
its
to
fastnesses
winter, when
the
Issuing,not
for
the
transport
retired
They
ranean
Mediter-
pleasure or
provincesexcept
with
the
to
itself
CICERO.
civilized
either for
had
infested
coast
OF
intolerable.
become
the
was
YS
DA
claim
were
If
sight
was
insulting
especially
prisonerclaimed
generallyinsured
to
tection
pro-
would
they
entreatinghis pardon.
Then
they
POMPEY.
put shoes
would
must
jestwas
with
his feet,and
on
robe
him
in
citizen's
say,
185
him
make
to
sarcastic
the
they let
him
compelled
"walk
permission
down
to
the
plank,"and
depart
to
harmed,
un-
and
sea,
penalty of
descend, under
leader
who
had
In
undertakings.
been
67
B.C.
appointinga commander
not
named),who should
three years
for
furnished
with
million
pounds
furious
in their
prevent
by
as
have
as
absolute
far
as
was
for
power
the
ships,as
he wanted,
in money.
and
Pillars of
passing of
(one
was
Romulus,
form
of the
many
more
nobles
The
opposition, and
force the
himself
be another
die"
proposed
was
his
threatened.
like Romulus
legend of
the
be
diers
solthan
were
prepared
this law.
proposer
Pompey
law
(who, however,
hundred
two
sailors
and
a
sea
Hercules
coast
the
over
in all his
prosperous
"
to
The
life, and
If you
you
Rome's
will
shall
first
86
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
THE
DA
YS
OF
CICERO.
of
price
bestowed
course
of
which
corn,
made.
the
justified
short
Not
work
choice.
of the
these
he
stormed
three
into
their
spared
the
change
their
removed
of
the
mercy
one
of
of
his
mand,
com-
shipsand
one
With
men.
the
and
seas
prisonersfelT
humanity
thinking that
They
should
sea,
farmers.
man
the
in
one
of
into
to
to
be
be
possiblethat
his
the
a
he
was
to
skill in
pirateswhom
Pompey changed
were
cease
It is
Corycus, whose
Virgil celebrates
was
him.
unusual
of life.
manner
sailors,and become
man
set
circumstances, determined
from
the old
ment
appoint-
been
piratesfrom
lives,and
of
creature
had
thousand
With
hands.
their
that
five hundred
the
famine
general made
new
strongholds,and
Twenty thousand
months.
to
twenty
swept
his
The
task
he collected
and
risen
The
satisfied with
hundred
had
The
Pompey.
upon
was
created,
was
height in Rome,
was
command
new
to
ing
garden-
Georgics,
judicious
useful citizen.
187
POMPEY.
stillgreater
A
For
than
more
remained
success
twenty
interceptedby periods of
been
carried
king of
to
once
retrieve
in
possession of
affairs
and
friends
Cicero
supported
perfect of
Pompey
four
hope
years
of
such
which
ultimate
The
Pro
Pompey's
command
supreme
in what
is
perhaps
held
out,
or
success
the
to
even
the
the
power
of
fortified himself
Lege
Manilius, a tribune
Manilla.
of the
The
law
people.
most
passed.
East.
but with
For
little
of escape.
to
poison
self,
him-
the
antidotes
by
vainly attempting
was
he had
his troops,
to
Mithridates
In 64, after
the
proceeded
once
was
original
was
speeches,1
political
his
at
of
standstill.
that
be transferred
B.C.
at
were
proposed
should
67
the greatest
generalof
had
he
in
now
courage
in command
was
ability,
reduced
Lucullus,
dominion.
Mithridates,
prince,though
to
but
and
had
peace,
extraordinaryskill and
with
contrived
doubtful
Rome
This
Pontus.
than
more
onbetween
won.
occasionally
war,
years
be
to
againstdomestic
was
proposed by
one
88
ROMAN
IN
LIFE
of
sword
Rome
At
splendidwhich
most
It lasted for
for
short
The
nations
the
chief of them
picturesto
fifteen
of the
the eyes
almost
had
conquests.
Ninety thousand
been
silver coin
was
share
amounted
such
was
Pompey
would
to
died
been
the
the
in
when
revenue
by
it
in
these
gold
the treasury,
smallest
the
Never
before
world, and
if
finished, he
was
proclaimedthe
nor
soldiers,whose
large that
fifty
pounds.
sight seen
had
have
of
of
means
talents
so
was
taken, and
doubled
paid into
and
prize
been
thousand
people. The
of the State
were
conquered
presented by
were
too
was
spoilsof victory.
the
cities,had
forts,nine hundred
the
witnessed.
ever
procession.A
carried in
were
that
stillthe time
less than
no
two
the
settling
in
cityhad
the
displayof
of
names
For
triumph,and
days, but
two
the
runs),he perishedby
third
enjoy a
to
CICERO.
OF
busied
was
YS
of his mercenaries.
one
Pompey
more
years
DA
the story
treachery(forso
the
THE
fortunate
most
of mankind.
Certainlyhe
was
that
day.
was
When
never
with
so
great again as
Caesar
and
he
Crassus
ROMAN
190
LIFE
IN
splendid,but
most
judge
of yours
who
actors
from
THE
DA
not
by
to
YS
for their
honor
own
it
to
favorite,
Pompey. Your
^Esopus, acquitted himself
he
us
'
they
had
shows
which
not
commonly
they were
their gayety.
six hundred
thousand
or
to
friend
poorly
so
have.
The
furnished
What
as
When
tell you
to
shows
other
with
ostentation
took
is there
the
all
away
in
having
Clytemnestraor
supernumeraries in
battle-piece.The
this ; but
it would
\hree
Trojan Horse,
pleasure.
After
this
given
came
you
sort
kind
no
of
in
ail
populace admired
have
moderate
some
to
faith,'
which
forth
charm
in the
my
the
charm
mules
honor
dear
my
need
What
the
even
do
retired
best retire.
all about
know
had
to
I break
set
failed him.
You
more
veteran
"
if of purpose
And
his voice
oath
the
to
came
if I may
First, the
make
CICERO.
taste,
your
own.
my
OF
of
wild-
culture
can
feel any
pleasurewhen
some
poor
POMPEY.
fellow is torn
when
or
in
piecesby
seeing,you
have
last
Great
the
was
sight; but
there
of
was
man."
to
at
has
elder
Pliny
some
kinship with
certain
the
nothing. Nay,
was
feelingof compassion,
some
The
nothing new.
the elephants.
saw
of the crowd
pleasurethere
I,
And
before.
astonishment
sense
them
seen
actuallypresent,
day was
given up
was
The
through with
things are worth
is run
If these
spear.
who
powerfulanimal,
some
noble animal
some
hunting
191
tells
that
us
two
hundred
lions
and
that
the
the
lamentable
So
height of absolute rage.
the spectacleof their despair,so pitifully
was
did
"
pity felt
they implore
that the
called
whole
down
And
then
the
Pompey's
She
between
men,
was
it did
come
of
the
in
rose
the
to
audience,
and
tears
curses
which
would
it found
Caesar's
wife,Julia,
young
had
been
and
sensiblylessened by
first rupture
elephantsrose
him."
on
two
occasion,
this
on
mercy
Pompey
daughter,died.
the
for the
multitude
upon
descended
soon
killed
were
have
the
bond
of union
hope
of peace
her loss.
come
any
Perhaps
how
the
; when
192
for
ROMAN
conflict.
the
for
match
almost
declared
salia
half
corpse
struggle.
all
the
three
on
on
2gth
shore
yet
little
the
lay
of
of
gth
man
Csesar
who
Egypt.
August,
had
naked,
fled
he
than
battle
and
"
when
more
The
the
stamp
to
Rubicon,
the
collapsed
occasion,
one
over.
be
to
but
"
continents
the
have
up
CICERO.
strength
on
In
was
OF
indeed
crossing
fought
was
September
over
by
YS
his
said
spring
war
without
but
"
he
will
DA
seemed
touch.
foot,"
soldiers
and
rival,
my
THE
He
his
at
with
IN
LIFE
year
of
Pharand
triumphed
headless
on
CHAPTER
X.
EXILE.
THE
suppressionof
certainlythe
was
Cicero's
life.
been
spoke
the
A
of him
both
of
in the
his
than
him
in
such
honors
they
as
particularerected
and
gave
Still there
was
swear
the
the
him
were
as
that he
had
before
was
chief
trouble
consul
on
offered
siastic
enthuvoted
towns
bestow
him
ordered
more
could
signsof
of the
was
won,
title of Patron
duty
and
even
to
were
highest rank
the
been
capital.The
the
of
of his fatherland."
Italy was
name.
"
fore
be-
never
of Rome
Senate
Father
"
had
citizen
Men
the
Conspiracy
as
in
to
such
on
him.
people as
when
It
Honors
bestowed
Great
"
gloriousachievement
most
upon
heaped
the
Capua
gilded statue,
of the
city.
in the future.
quittingoffice
with
ROMAN
194
LIFE
and
fidelity,
time
speak
when
usual
defense
is not
worthy
than
his
escorted
not
was
but
that he had
With
to
followed
of
preceding chapter.The
been
on
fairlygood
have
belonged
seen,
families
and
in
Rome,
wit, and
was
could
saved
The
city."
and
when
the
him
manifest.
the misfortune
the
in
the Clodius
was
had
men
that
year
in the
something
two
time
attack
to
he had
man
hitherto
terms.
Clodius,
to
one
of
the
man
of
some
make
sembly
as-
The
was
he
his house.
heard
have
we
was
multitude
consulship.This
his
do
must
the whole
collision
into
come
whom
to
dangerous
one
in their
alone, have
this
enemies
put
his voice
come
has
He
approval ;
ex-consul
the
vened.
inter-
Raising
concluded
was
ceremony
tribunes
Cicero
the
preparing
was
the oath."
and
their
same
he narrated
speak.
to
that I, and
shouted
the
at
hearing them
take
this commonwealth
CICERO.
him
new
answer.
I.swear
OF
cried, "who
he
death without
to
nothing more
ready with
YS
for
of the
one
man,"
citizens
"
DA
speech in which
consulship.Cicero
"A
said,
THE
of his
events
to
it was
make
to
IN
himself
as
we
noblest
ability
agreeable
EXILE.
he
when
which
Cicero
guiltyof
of scandalous
act
an
himself, disguisedas
sacred
Good
and
attempt
who
Cicero,
it
before
was
packed
had
in
at
least
rebut
by
the
the
him, which
his
put upon
had
jury which
have
to
occasion.
forward
at
Umbria,
two
the
trial,though
time
prosecution.
partisansof
the
As
was
he
accused
He
that
they
Interamna,
placewhich
Cicero
was
Rome.
swore
from
he
allegedto
was
at
an
was
that
at
the
days' journey
this evidence
he
who
and
specially
defense
witnesses
very
resisted.
been
His
himself
him
of the
in honor
screen
seems
misconducted
seen
town
to
night when
brought
liarly
pecu-
powerful friends,
the
on
some
of Rome
elsewhere
been
genuinely indignant at
was
for the
alibi,an
have
he
them.
had
matrons
had
made
fellow's wickedness,
end
the
He
was
was
In the
into
perform
to
Goddess."
an
between
impiety,intruding
woman,
rites which
accustomed
were
blame
to
Clodius
year
for
events
least
enmity
life-long
Toward
But
so.
in the
not
was
brought about
"
do
pleasedto
was
195
distant
was
Rome.
brought
To
forward
stepped
forward
set
howl
up
of
ig6
ROMAN
But
disapproval.
of
compliment
in
YS
the
the
their seats,
deposed
on
CICERO.
OF
high
and
that Clodius
the
had
of the
morning
that
house
place,and
he had
satisfied himself
of its inmates
he
now
all about
which
the
day
that
they
for
asked
of
one
in
were
But
of
case
the
fear of
guard.
"
them, "what
in the
Some
notorious.
money
had
taken
private
nothing
fact of the
The
in his
charge was
the
was
distributed
liberally
Crassus
duct
con-
was
know
professed to
had
the
by
that the
matter.
influence
jurors.
It
him.
saved
alleged intrusion
But
potent
with
that
If evidence
the
examination
true.
acquitted.
do
of Caesar
you
He
was
thing to
any
to
DA
question.
Clodius
at
the
his house
at
THE
risingfrom
ceased.
uproar
been
IN
LIFE
should
indeed
had
pretended
their lives,and
guard
did
the
among
was
money
jury
money
you
not
"
said
want
had
Catulus,
a
be taken
guard
from
"
Clodius, though he
forgave
the
man
given againsthim.
whose
Cicero
had
escaped,never
evidence
too
had
been
198
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
to
have
known
was
has
and-twenty
crippled his
With
gave
credit"
me
gave
down."
Clodius
for
voted
The
Senate
down
sat
Clodius
How
gave
he
which
It
Clodius
when
he
was
to
have
finger.
He
for himself
has been
of Caesar.
Caesar
all that
allowed
him
by
determined
the
to
But
he
himself
matter
of the
adoption.
to
Clodius
He
work
He
proceeded
with
simply
to
never
in the
allowed
hindrance.
considerable
lifting
prove
showed
master.
act
to
that
was
was
possiblefor
it
him
from
ground
Cicero
Clodius
he
applause,
secure
stopped
their
confounded.
made
he
was
have
his revenge,
who
five-
guilty;
thirty-
your
shouted
sketch
; and
act
to
of
verdict
reallyresponsiblefor
he could
of his
work
in the
was
done.
to
no
you
(five-and-twenty
silent and
contrived
hoped
already told
indeed
buying
"Yes;
the
the
you
"but
thirtyfor acquittal),
for they would
none,
you
two-and
money
CICERO.
"
jury had
the
and
OF
They
jurymen."
though you spoke on oath."
credit
two
"
of
been
YS
DA
somewhat
by doing so.)
means
of
THE
were
so
skill.
popular
EXILE.
that Cicero,
be
though knowing
they would
to
againsthimself, did not venture
Then
them.
came
a
proposaldirectly
leveled
him.
at
death
put
to
and
without
one
furnish
the
was
endeavor
Senate
his
The
second
Cicero
he
He
with
him.
morning
was
by
the
of
of the upper
their presence.
of
motion
the
firstwas
Piso.
as
him
their
of
compassion
thousand
to
The
of
one
of
the
ing
mourn-
account.
consuls
The
water
persons
tribunes, went
on
accused
the
Twenty
itself,on
fire and
to
of
for
arouse
supported
death
Rome.) Cicero at
squalid dress with which
the
fellow-citizens.
classes
with
custom
to
water."
of exile. No
penalty of
under
distance
assumed
once
fire and
sentence
condemned
certain
of
shall have
uncondemned
citizen
trial is forbidden
the
who
man
Roman
allowed
was
within
Any
"
the form
(This was
so
that
turned
oppose
it
199
year
Gabinus
were
and
notoriouslyhostile,of
hoped
to
kinsman
make
of
friend,the
the
more
his
band.
daughter'shuspictureof an interview
gives a lively
a
"
when
It
was
we
nearlyeleven
went
to
him.
o'clock in the
He
came
out
ROMAN
200
of
LIFE
IN
dirtyhovel
and
on,
smelt
his
head
the
on
petitionof
by
absolute
poverty, and
Without
turn.
province
he
humor
I must
humored
indeed
look
must
one
In default
that
hope
and
Plutarch
door
account
"
When
to
to
by
is
consul's
out
know
not
where
in
to
be ruined.
must
get by the
no
is
help
actingwith
were
why
reason
him.
Cicero,
you,
you
of
sul.
con-
you
protection. Every
for himself."
of the consuls
Pompey
panied
accom-
least commend-
at
my
the
to
was
wishes, justas
there
the
seek
pelled
com-
in which
answer
colleaguewhen
your
But
should
His
does
be
must
his
he excused
(for Cicero
hopes
Clodius, but it
; but
province he
breath
His
colleague Gabinius
My
"
slippers
medicines
use
was
son-in-law)
frank.
ably
his
score
his visitors
his
CICERO.
up.
of wine
employed."
was
OF
with
us,
muffled
him, he said, to
wine
YS
DA
meet
odiously
most
himself
to
THE
might
there
was
be induced
stillsome
to
fere,
inter-
Cicero
him.
says
back
avoid
seeing him
is that
I threw
the
; but
interview
myself at
Cicero's
was
his feet
"
own
granted.
(he means,
EXILE.
humiliated
I suppose,
a
he could
favor),
"
could
He
201
himself
liftme
not
from
the
ground.
said, against the will
nothing,he
do
by asking such
of Caesar."
Cicero
had
He
courses.
help of
the
the law.
the
this
in
force of
would
of
to
would
and
superior strength. It
that
in such
victorious.
he
But
from
cowardice,
when
occasion
conflict
risk
the
from
even
lives
any
kind
other
course
go into
of
of
master
of
his
with
securityto
was
to
life and
him, but
that freedom
and
property.
the
anticipate
voluntaryexile.
This
willingness
un-
friends,
wanted
was
be
enough
to
would
courage
not
able,
prob-
the trial,not
his
proposalby
Cicero
from
had
demanded,
to
and
possible,even
was
he
battle
open
their
was
shrank
for
an
Clodius
carry
it
ended,
like
Rome.
ready
arms,
have
something
streets
partisanswere
two
his
But
between
do
and
might stay
well known,
in
choose
to
now
was
sentence
the
to
that
give
The
and
course
ROMAN
202
which
LIFE
his
this
the
was
left Rome,
he knew
THE
CICERO.
pressed upon
which
course
should
OF
friends
intendingto
that he
YS
DA
powerful
most
him, and
He
IN
find
chose.
where
Sicily,
to
go
he
the
heartiest
of
welcomes.
ally
formit be
"
enacted," so
that
the
death
to
fire and
him
banished
the
it
to
on
meanwhile
of
Italy.
farm
of
He
found
friend
near
had
or
any
dealt with
passed, the
operate
The
being
houses
of
the
ground,
Palat'iae.being
to*
the
was
partly
auction.
hurried
shelter for
Vibo
take
or
plundered,partlysold by
Cicero
soever
that who-
was
razed
were
bidden
for-
and
be
to
was
be
harbor
vote,
miles.
hundred
dedicated
bill
The
which
man
he
one
recallingof him,
within
fixed at four
no
death
shall
publicenemy."
distance
trial,forgingthereto
; that
of
Roman
put
Senate, that
water
move,
has
Cicero
the
pain
on
shall
as
"
without
authority of
receive
proposition, that,seeing
Tullius
Marcus
citizens
the
ran
to
a
the
while
in Brutii
south
at
(now
the
the
EXILE.
Abruzzi),but
found
place because
limits.
it
who,
unwilling to
Athens,
have
who
him
to
had
been
The
distance, and
though
bitter
enemies
this
of
matter
him
take
in
proposal did
out
was
of
still at
at
the
town
at
the
residence
the
be
moment
any
at
itself
and
way,
the presence
and
After
friend's
invited
his
seat
to
at
the
his taste.
would
be
very
of its master,
who
apparentlyintended
staying for
house
where
itself,
for fear of
inside
Atticus
commend
Rome,
there.
remain
strictly
not
dreary without
was
his
up
Buthrotum
It
might
the
of annoyance.
means
to
it
"
exile,
there,
very
prescribedlimit
of
within
was
not
was
would
Catiline's
in
up
place, too,
as
"
place
mixed
conspiracy.
made
its
by
he
his
for
had
He
insisted upon
this
prescribed
reasons
many
choose
to
the
forbidden
for
unsafe.
men
within
was
leave
to
which
liked
was
it necessary
Sicilywas
governor,
203
he
near
was
bringing some
about
to
night
fort-
Dyrrachium
once
very
trouble
"
"
lar,
popu-
upon
it,
ROMAN
204
LIFE
he refused
to
THE
IN
enter
he crossed
"
ultimatelysettled
and
afterward
Long
dream
which
tells
have
to
Thessalonica.
at
of
us
him
fell into
night,but
toward
heavy slumber
morning.
the point of starting,but my
host
be waked.
to
me
I rose,
in
disconsolately
great Marius
myself
to
met
sad ?
so
you
'
took
then
Memorial
Hall.
His
safe."1
'
friend
the
and
'
Why
been
turning to
to
me
that
and
honorable
in the
repealingthe
actuallyproposed
most
with
were
I have
declared
For
the
his
the
own
portended a speedy
Curiously enough it was
was
'
lead
him
lictor,bade
nearest
wandering
bays.
me.
this
country,'I answered.
my
hand,
my
be
to
with
asked
from
wrongly banished
He
he
not
friend
my
lictors
His
me.
would
lonelyplace when
some
at
was
ever,
o'clock,how-
seven
told
then
and
I seemed
dream.
At
some
lain awake
allow
singular
I had
"
Greece,
to
given
this time.
at
CICETIO.
OF
over
himself
he
seems
littlecomfort
YS
DA
part he
was
Hall
sentence
and
this
dream
return.
of Marius
of banishment
passed.
miserablyunhappy
206
ROMAN
been
LIFE
restored
For
to
whatever
because
IN
THE
brother
my
I have
YS
DA
and
to
wronged
CICERO.
OF
children.
my
indeed
and
you,
have
for I have
write
as
this
and
were
you
trouble
greatest
very
love
me,
and
have
on
had been
much
as
loved
me,
as
have
abundantly at
is
so
perhaps
somewhat
had
not
much
as
he
himself
in
another
out
that I write
you,
except
I have
Indeed
days
find
certainly
affairs
his
to
in the
as
do, if he
duties
of
wife Terentia,
freely. Don't
in
of
one
I have
which
nothing to
it the
most
"
more
letters
his
longer letters
indeed
communication
This
correspondent,his
think,."he writes
"
you
that Atticus
felt bound
less remiss
been
which
it is
as
me
have
command."
means
have
love
would
advice
little obscure,
he would
obligationto
never
your
if
; but
actuallydo
interested
poured
the
subtle;but Cicero
(Cicero)had
friendship.
To
under
you
me
feel the
you
account
my
you
allowed
to
that
knowing
not
others
to
received
some
feel I
must
write
; and
difficult of
her,
to
than
to
long
answer.
in these
duties.
VESTAL
VIRGIN.
EXILE.
Writing
I could
have
timid
for
blame,
and
myself
And
love
if you
which
is
only fear
them.
are
that
am
In
am
on
too, that
that
see
! to
will
succeed
he
think
that
account.
she
should
And
be
so
my
be
; I
endure
you.
upon
wish
and
of
your
care
so
taking
under-
to
you
writes:
kind, should
my
able
depends
one
night,all
behalf
my
take
it.
health,
are
you
in what
compass,
so
ruin
to
your
All
on
be
not
another
loyal,so honest,
all
that all
tryingto
now
you
aware
to
are
health."
that
of you.
be
expenditure,
feeble.
imaginable labors
all
we
for
distress
already,I know,
I think
day
only
others
don't
me,
in such
they will,undertake
if
can
to
I should
....
less
all used
that
As
you
deepest
be involved
to
you
I been
whom
to
see
made
delight,my
now
saved
mine
have
had
distress ! and
I who
tears.
I wanted
you
that you,
help,should
such
sorrow,
to
and
might
heart's
regret is to think
look
made
My
....
and
of
Tullia
dearest
my
floods
without
completelyhappy.
so.
If
to
utterlymiserable,
are
you
and
you
do
can
never
be
to
207
"Unhappy
virtuous,
so
dearest
unhappy
so
afflicted,
Tullia,
about
208
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
father in whom
she
And
feel any
to
little more
who
others
was
we
familyof
whom
whose
do
not
the
name
endure
it a
loved
was
by
and
me,
reallyon
men
keeping
side."
my
the
lady
herself.
There
the
in Rome,
the
was
brought
Who
notable
most
Varro1
Terentius
his
upon
of the defeat
of
was
the
country
She
Canna?,
half-sister,
probably older than herself,of
the
name
of Fabia, who
her
brought
married
thousand
began
as
really,
was
certainlyknow.
perhaps
rashness
had
how
he
as
terest
bit-
was
were
about
terrible disaster
She
who
dear
my
something
of
soon
jealous of
reallywere
This
it
piness
hap-
feel the
fate,I could
of
easily; but
aloof from
she
as
fault,thinkingthat
my
about
If all this
thing !
you
by
trouble
and
sorrow
much
should
he
CICERO.
so
shall I say
That
OF
YS
found
once
what
little Cicero
DA
THE
about
78
was
husband,
B.C.,
five hundred
of
the
letters of Cicero's
o\rn
same
dowry,
pounds.
Cicero
affectionately
Another
whom
to
fair
vestal
name
time.
writes
was
an
We
to
virgin.
she
three
about
have
her
eminent
was
seen
during
man
of
EXILE.
his exile.
the
She
is his
thought
mere
with
all his
herself
the
to
utmost
the
return
she
is still the
nothing that
yet
not
what
know
the
excuses
rarityof
whom
one
by
was
willingto
to
his
others
he is about
signs
see
would
dearest
strike
battle of
after the
hopes,
hope
"
Don't
"(
dropped.
that
that
I have
you
think
may
of
"
You
not
Pharsalia
got back
continue
very
we
He
is
were,
no
he
greetings became
are
coming,"
did
There
"
best," are
of coolness,
us
If there
The
of
happen.
to
belonging
province (Cilicia),
them.
write.
been
earlier of these
his letters.
send
that he
period have
afterwards
was
served
de-
ready to
means
When
begin to
we
and
amiable, the
most
Then
women.
from
Rome
to
the
The
B.C.
affectionate.
sufficiently
are
to
help him,
twenty
are
flow
over-
have
to
affection,exerting
find him
to
his eyes
seems
and
to
50-47
years
she
letters of this
Four
preserved.There
to
of her makes
praise
impoverish herself
needed.
And
tears.
zog
fondest,"
"
glad,"he
writes
had
dashed
safe
to
to
he goes
safe ; and
Italy;
be
on,
his
I
glad."
"it is
I don't
see
ROMAN
aio
what
In
IN
LIFE
good
THE
would
you
do
letter he
another
the
probably
come
seventh.
that
he
of their
quarrel.
could
His
"As
vexation
takes
Terentia
to
be
to
send
; for
there
in hand.
She
and
added
he
note
sent
The
writes
he
ing
greet-
the
of
ready
form
in
bottom
letter
don't
this ?
me
that this
capableof abstractingsuch
to
Atticus.
"
much
so
help him.
wrote
ou
and
out
thingswithspeak what
hundred
one
thinks,
money,
to
other
are
lady's
rich man,
was
the
Atticus
the
at
on
while
Mean-
to
with
relied upon
was
in
careless,he
was
be
days,
tub
on
friends
formal.
most
what
bills for
me
his
provided.
which
than
worse
pounds
not
was
there
"
of
number
can
and
stay several
to
in need
not
for the
he
Though
often
was
Terentia
about
and
She
extravagant.
yet he
directions
greatlydissatisfied
were
Money matters
was
conduct.
and
from
know
come."
letter is dated
should
Tusculum
at
be
must
one
CICERO.
The
If there
bath-room,
OF
if you
house
first of October,
would
YS
gives
receptionof guests.
the
DA
to
her
and
eight
money
left
all.
If she
triflefrom
so
was
small
si
ROMAN
LIFE
shadowy
what
of
of
him.
But
of the
affair with
writes
less expected
proposals
discuss
by
to
the
they got to
place. This,
I
fancy the
the young
"
venture
meaning
Nero
had
betrothal
will be
fellow.
there
were
very
look
not
not
done
had
to
when
taken
match.
much
for the
were
thorns."
there.
the
usual
he
friend who
news
of Rome,
who
is, I
I do
indeed
been
some
wraps
politephrases.
writes,
"
on
this
things in
up
"
gratulate
con-
worthy
of
him.
which
are
his
alliance
your
reallybelieve,
think
The
much, though he
in the
have
made
But
better
been
friends
sent
ladies.
the
hears
me," he
Tiberius
I had
her
pleasedwith
tesy,
gentleman'scomplaisanceand cour-
as
one
he
Believe
"
to
father
Her
have
hope,
you,"
with
of
was
and
Cilicia,
free
was
could
the
thorns," however,
told
became
nothing
with
ladies
do
but
"
Rome
I
Tullia
in
and
matter
nothing of
contriving.
me.
me,
CICERO.
what
or
surprise.
Atticus,
to
OF
know
was,
third
his government
at
was
Her
YS
We
B.C.
her mother's
or
DA
he
man
in 50
again.
marry
THE
indeed.
person
manner
own
IN
he
now
If
has
past
EXILE.
and
I
am
disappear,thanks
sure,
and
slow
in his errors,
not
divorce
been
It
beginning.
after about
could
passes
one
treatise for my
day
indeed
after
get any
own
there
griefis
too
and
my
much
much
to
your
from
end
an
by
writes
to
I have
griefof
Atticus,
done
what
before, written
(I will
copyists have
finished
company
my
occupies
violence
Still I
compose,
can,
it
; the
little more
been
Yet
the
ward
Shortly after-
inconsolable
forme.
to
indeed, but, if I
Next
have
marriage
consolation.
indeed
best
to
wives
is
day, and
good from
little,not
"
seem
other
almost
years.
did
ever
if the
the book
do
is
He
not
Her
he
My grief,"
"
certainlyno
And
the
all consolation.
"
you
three
died, to
thirty,
her father.
than
unhappy
brought
was
Tullia, who
than
does
husband.
her
have
to
successful
more
reforming
seems
fluenc
in-
good
your
and
soon,
ever,
appreciatebetter things." Tullia, how-
to
was
in
to
to
offensive
not
be left will
that may
traces
; any
gone
213
not
face."
am
my
And
nothingis more
send
it.)
write
I
can
me
of
my
soothed,
feelings,
again :
agree-
LIFE
ROMAN
214
able
to
books
comfort
"
on
deity.
"
all my
can
he
converse
but
From
this summer,
guilty." He
fixes upon
Atticus, in
of marble
columns
the
I shall
hold
building
He
discusses
gardens
the
to
sell
or
attract
It
be
must
disappointed."Then
build it
end
the
on
he did
not
best memorial
in which
him
"as
one
as
him
build
of Tullia
was
Some
nient
conve-
I would
if
of
sooner
little,than
on
all.
had
worth
In the
Perhaps
beautiful
friends seeks
She
be
he would
his villa.
is the
of Cicero's
life
"
it at
"
as
thought that
grounds
long
he
building.
conveniently near
live
or
some
of the site.
worshipers.
mortgage,
begs
buy
for the
strike
Rome
near
place.
it is
question
myself
He
design.
of Chios
dead.
this purpose
letters,to
of his
one
ing
find-
he writes,
Unless
of
Tullia should
....
be finished
ent
pres-
the
to
of which
shrine.
tears;
at
thought
honors
turned
be
CICERO.
determined,"
am
buildingthe
cannot
shrine
OF
interruptedby
as
unusual
in
YS
Then
time
one
build
would
be the
well
as
I fail." At
He
DA
yet this is
I resist
these
THE
than solitude.
me
is with
IN
to
the
letter
sole
con-
lived," he says,
living,as
long
EXILE.
it has
often
I wish
"
to
been
your
Asia,
^Egina, before
of
that
were
our
Strange !
it ill if
be
to
within
and
thus
of
so
towns
height
desolate
reflect
to
day,bear
disease,
whose
the dead
the very
of
was
or
are
life is bound
bodies
small
of
a
so
many
?
compass
"
When
in
Cicero was
anticipating.
to live ;
republichad yet some
years
gether.
were
hopes that it might survive alto-
there
exile's prospects,
brighten.Csesar
his
Corinth
creatures
we
me
righthand
my
at
perish
my
am
The
the
us
on
began
poor
sword,
inclosed
exile the
and
the
short, while
lie here
But
we,
of
one
slain with
eyes.
do
Behind
lie ruined
now
On
contemplatethe
to
once
it may
sailingfrom
was
left hand
my
prosperity,but
before
'
Megara
me
Piraeus, on
all of them
brought
sorrow.
as
give.
must
something which
diminish
from
back
consolation,,hoping that
also somewhat
way
of
though
passage,
quoted before,
tell you
small
no
me
One
republicstood."
the
as
215
had
reached
too,
began
to
had
busy
with
quarreled
216
ROMAN
IN
LIFE
THE
Clodius, whom
with
Cicero's
of whom
I shall have
being the
most
to
the
May
repealingthe
it
having caused
at
senator
the
their
the enthusiasm
But
who
actor
from
as
its
to
rose
banishment
(whose
consul
the
playing the
was
resolution
placesto greet
! he
What
for his
Strove
Spared
Most
In
the
"
man
from
rose
he
part of Telamon
life nor
when
formed
house
And
ye,
"
she needed
Father
men.
yea,
his !
"
saw
he served
you,
"
heart
of
bestowed
; who
surpassed
Gods,
devoured
ungrateful,foolish,without
Of all wherein
steadfast
with
perilousdays
fortune, and
most
His
stillwith
in
the
heightwhen
followinglines
who
in.
came
his country
country, who
neither
help
the
of
news
emphasis
significant
As
audience
he entered
as
struggle.
to
of
outburst
an
be tedious
passed
of "Telamon"
drama
Accius'
ceased
of banishment, the
decree
Milo,
all,never
of the
Senate
utterly
hereafter,
more
say
vicissitudes
be
to
agitatefor
earlyas
to
CICERO.
friend,one
of them
active
OF
found
he
And
unmanageable.
YS
DA
could
by
fire ;
thought
endure
EXILE.
To
banished
him
see
Suffer
that he
it was
decree
fourth
passed through
point of
the
the earliest
informed
Greece
the
when
be the
to
had
nearest
to
The
that
sailed
the
decree
news
had
come
It
to
me.
was
such
now
pened
hapof
On
Rome,
the
ways
were
were
When
by
and
Cicero
set
road
the
my
arrival
with
from
all parts
approached
honored
by
heartiness
of
such
the
eighth the
crowded
sent
her
meet
observed
was
from
came
far
"
which
men,
might
holiday; the
coming
he
been
the foundation
so
coincidence
for the
cities of
take
to
Italy,
morrow.
which
on
waiting
accordinglyon the
was
passed, and
the
on
day
of Tullia, who
welcome
been
came
be-
colony was
father.
that the
August
who
He
Brundisium
reached
of
friends
his
by
day
interposed,
was
opportunity of returning,had
safelyembark.
very
this hour
exile's day.
an
law. Cicero,
finally
at
to
after obstacle
tillthe
not
and
; yea,
prolong
Still obstacle
and
217
the
the
as
tations
depu-
to
gratulate
con-
city,my
concourse
as
congratulation
of
are
2i8
of
ascent
such
made
so
my
joy
grateful
could
had
oppressed."
"
that
day
"
was
yet
That
as
been
to
he
as
the
sorry
said
the
gates,
home
my
height
very
that
unhappy,
so
day,"
good
in
be
but
not
the
return
that
spectacle
the
CICERO.
OF
from
way
Capitol,
the
YS
DA
THE
The
believing.
past
of
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
so
people
cruelly
emphatically,
immortality
to
me."
ROMAN
220
LIFE
IN
site should
be
talkingfor
three
end.
of his
who
wounded
was
and
"
in which
Senate,
expressed.
"
ruffians shouted
the
showed
have
not
to
an
end
courage
was
abuse
and
"
been
of
ed,
kill-
surgery."
was
he rose,
lowed,
fol-
his
consent
restored.
in the
scene
vigorously
rather
wished
Clodius' hired
All
him.
; he
by
as
days
himself.
been
spoke, or
soon
at
same
but
shouts
came
tired
am
that without
Pompey
few
strugglewhich
this hatred
speak ; for,as
workmen
objectof
would
ruffians
Cicero
on
gives a livelypicture of
Cicero
by
another
was
the
Cicero, have
might, says
was
the
well
perfectly
he knew
it
in
to
the
at
of armed
house.
attack
"
not
was
out
an
but," he adds,
Pompey
to
drove
he made
afterwards
of his
frightenedinto
was
set
rebuildingthe
were
He
resources.
his command
under
opposed it,
Clodius
But
withdrawing it.
end
CICERO.
to
on
OF
of the tribunes
One
his veto
YS
Clodius
restored.
compelled him
audience
an
DA
THE
and
it must
curses.
When
be allowed
he
that he
nothing frightenedhim
he
said
BRA
his
silence
such
Clodius
uproar
from
his
he
Pompey
not
ribald
verses,
in the
followers, and
with
'
Who
hunger
Who
wants
to
they
answered
want
to
'
go
'
'
us
now
rage
from
partisansof
from
the
lest any
A
burst
Clodius
they
?
And
enemy,
we
'
and
He
was
should
one
spit
made
then
ed
ask-
'
Pompey,'
do
made
at
tried
you
About
began, at
They
out.
his
to
answered.
whom
to
fled.
hustings.
thing worse
third
turned
killingthe people
party of Clodius
and
place,
our
is
to
even
speech, till
abuse,
Alexandria
to
nance.
counte-
against Clodius
Pompey,'
again.
go?'
'
thoughts,
of the uproar
is it that
?
his
fury he
midst
had
o'clock,when
of
out
Pale with
his sister.
them,
shouted
were
he
as
his
three
kind
every
mined
had deter-
collect his
command
with
met
(forwe
good
as
from
on
obtained
was
had
Meanwhile
'
could
went
five.
and
back
speech, or
This
He
side
our
221
even
rose.
him
give
given) that
CONSEQUENCES.
sometimes
then
to
control
ITS
and
say
"
an
AND
WL
some
side.
our
to
charge.
drive
The
thrust down
my
escape,
happen."
whom
Clodius
was
ROMAN
222
LIFE
destined
Cicero
find
to
the mother's
on
The
name
was
probably
of
side
he
and
one
who
it in
ate
for
was
the sword.
the
He
his
CICERO.
Milo
family.
commonly
known
given him,
it may
Milo
of Crotona,
an
ox
singleday.
his
on
Milo
For
well-born
gladiator,
ambitious, and
was
but
the
His
reack.
was
old Latin
carried
either
than
knots
cuttingall political
consulship;
within
the
to
fightingman,
great
was
was
wrestler, who
famous
shoulders
an
nickname
OF
Milo.
Annius
was
YS
dangerous
which
by
DA
more
Pompey,
or
THE
IN
with
aspired to
scarcely
dignitywas
familywas not of the
whose
such
friend he seemed
saw
but
they
would
his
gratitudehe
would
those
be
back
from
quarrelwith
bands
find in
fortunes
probably
gratefulto
adversity. Hence
him
to
might
were
The
rather
He
low,
very
he
rise
again, and
who
helped him
and
banishment
of hired, or
Cicero.
Milo's exertions
Clodius.
Just
earn.
two
men
to
in
bring
hence
the
had
their
purchased, ruffians
AND
BRAWL
ITS
and
city,
about
the
Each
indicted
CONSEQUENCES.
other
the
frequentcollisions.
into
came
publiclydeclared that he
of putting his
earliest chance
should
matters
to
to
pay
the
visit
from
It
the old
it contained
small
days when
be
one
its
thingworth
in
spear
and
was
it
was
the chief
at
had
his
duty
priestof
meeting
temples of
its
quaint,turned-
hand
this occasion
the
while, as
to
in the
close
of
changed
men
was
its
have
dictator;
nominate
had
He
temple.
he had
small
and
place,and
till the
Returning home
recording ; but
peculiar sacredness.
of the Senate
remained
shoes, waited
on
againstRome
one
of the
native
on
decayed
famous
most
much
town,
its revolt
of the
town
goat-skinrobe,
shoes, with
up
Latin
about
image, in
brought
left Rome
Milo
January
and
was
thought to
was
of
Lanuvium,
to
Appian road,
of Rome.
death.
to
enemy
crisis.
the twentieth
On
the
take
collision
chance
probably a
was
assault.
for murderous
Each
What
223
been
morning,
the
and
sitting.
wait, says
ROMAN
224
then
started.
retinue
Milo
of
Much
no
several
boys,
him
of their
art.
he
met
when
Latin
He
Rome.
his usual
he
had
The
two
with
Clodius
and
back
sword.
council
town
the
to
returning
now
to
use
to
carriage,
armed
with
thought of
other, but
each
the
slaves
One
him
number
Milo's
of Clodius.
the aggressors
accosted
threateningmanner.
repliedby wounding
his
had
attendants.
such
gladiatorsfell out
rode
two
traveled
nearer
was
was
passed
men
the
of distinction
person
travelingwithout
slaves
were
had
He
thirtyslaves
him
with
No
swords.
whom
town,
which
custom,
But
horseback, contrary
on
was
of
enemy.
of armed
to
and
capitalthan Lanuvium,
started
Clodius, who
address
deliveringan
that
proving
he
number
his
to
of this great
as
gladiators,
among
miles
ten
made
his great
of Aricia, another
with
maid-servants
with
masters
about
CICERO.
carriagewith
when
blows
to
famous
in
OF
intention
and
in
was
and
women
had
coming
to
YS
Several
friend.
wife followed.
been
DA
and
THE
traveled
He
IN
LIFE
of
the
in the
of
tors
gladia-
shoulder
Milo's
slaves
BRA
hastened
WL
AND
back
ITS
roadside
his wound,
by
which
tavern,
the firststage
he
had
gone
further
and
rid himself
now
refuge
and
done.
Cicero
did
the
dead
man
lay for
in the
Roman
to
it
which
and
thronged
tribunes
out
into
in
the
to
see
way
suggestedthat
the
to
the
just before
hall
in the
state
stood
by
remains.
increased.
un-
hiding-places.
sympathizing
his
the
either fallen
his
his widow
to
excitement
had
it arrived
laid
wounds
the
put
where
was
of his mansion,
the
be
to
of
the road
upon
on
lieved
be-
Rome
corpse
crept into
gentleman
Rome,
nightfall.It
day
had
struggleor
city ordered
taken
time
some
slaves
belief that
But
The
his
promptly
the
killed.
story.
from
that the
in
little
forever,
was
cared
Then
This
orders, and
other
marked
enemy
declared
been
refuge
go
Clodius
drag
indeed
had
master
might
his
finish him.
it without
their
of
to
took
Milo, thinkingthat
far he
so
his slaves
ordered
Clodius
probably
of Rome.
out
The
overpowered, and
was
himself, exhausted
a
225
to
party of Clodius
in
CONSEQUENCES.
crowd
Next
of
the
should
be
Two
body
ing
show-
226
ROMAN
carried
the
LIFE
into
IN
the
THE
DA
YS
OF
CICERO.
market-place,and
hustings from
which
addressed
the
placed on
monly
speaker com-
the
people.
Then
it
notary, and
client of
signalhonor.
a
within
man
people,should
shalt
city
was
into' the
bury
not
Hall
it
burn
or
favorite
exception.
an
do
of the oldest
one
Clodius, the
be
Clodius,
family,to
"
the
laws.
of Roman
carried
Thou
"
the
was
His
of the
body
was
of
The
benches,
meeting-placeof the Senate.
the tables,the platform from which the orators
spoke, the
their
wrote
funeral
notes,
hall
the
ground
it,the
the
same
with
the corpse
make
to
to
was
caught fire,and
be
a
sumed.
con-
burned
was
of
fate.
of
largebuildingadjoining
Porcius, narrowly escaped
The
Milo
mob
attacked
among
them,
several
and
was
difficulty
repulsed.
It
had
been
voluntarily
go
the
the clerks
which
; another
Hall
houses, that
on
collected
were
which
pileon
The
to
tablets
wooden
expected
into
senate-house
feelingof
which
exile ; but
caused
he
that
took
Milo
the
strong
would
burning of
reaction
advantage.
He
of
re-
228
LIFE
ROMAN
IN
THE
in the Senate
appear
sinated, and
DA
lest he
left
even
gardens,which could
guarded by soldiers. In
of
having
charge which
his
under
he
had
that
having
been
seized
Milo
was
a
clothing,
freedman
he and
four others
the
for
up
came
of Clodius, and
murder
shut
effectually
his
that
mentioned
and
in
disproveby lifting
up
Next
the
actuallyseen
assas"
live
to
more
under
declared
forward, and
be
the Senate
to
garment.
CICERO.
should
be
arms
had
OF
his house
his
accused
YS
months
two
in
Milo's
forciblytaken
had
been
the
partisansof
the
On
The
been
His
called
Clodius
evidence
him
examine
the
was
trial was
the
by
behalf
bench
obligedto
of
who
had
death.
his
look
case
begun.
friend who
day
the counsel
refuge on
was
the
on
made
on
his hands
the accused.
first witness
with
of
out
againstMilo, and
Milo
of Milo's slaves,
dark
very
was
to
cross-
of the accused
was
to
with
the
ceived
re-
take
presidingjudge.
same
protection
BRA
WL
resolved
Pompey
be
of the witnesses
better
with
court
heard
were
for the
that
that he should
Clodius
was
slew him
he
judged
to
show
nth
It had
the last
was
been
line of
delivered
only,
one
suggested
arguing that
it better
follow another
to
But
deserved
that
rest
and cross-examined
had
all the
The
troops.
Cicero.
by
should
order
speeches were
prosecution ;
229
occupied
interruption.April
without
and
that
the
approaches to
CONSEQUENCES.
future, and
for the
kept
day
ITS
AND
had
Clodius
been
course,and
the
aggressor,
for Milo,
having deliberatelylaid an ambush
he
of whose
meditated
journey to Lanuvium
of course
aware.
was
Unfortunately for his
client the
left Rome
of the
not
This
murdered
later than
disproved
loitered
on
darkness
and
earlier than
much
Milo
down.
broke
case
was
said, because
reached
had
man
five o'clock
the
his way
gave
in
him
his adversaries.
to
an
happened
the
the
the
dently
evi-
body
capital
afternoon.
had
that Clodius
assertion
back
had
Rome
tillthe growing
opportunity
Then
it came
of
out
tacking
at-
that
ROMAN
230
Milo
LIFE
had
had
and
been
shut
the
The
hesitatingly.
has
come
down
delivered
by
the
borne
himself
the
marred
"
spoken
It
was
better
admirable
have
he
want
was
been
one
verdict
seems
seilles
Mar-
at
have
to
Cicero
of courage
which
I should
Marseilles
the
of
that when
is true
for the
have
to
really
banishment
which
if it
easily,
very
excused
into
punishment
"
went
his
which
was
assembled, gave
ever
Milo
oration
jury, which
to
spoke feebly
occasion,
The
of
and
professes
consent
common
best
guilty.
had
and
us,
this
on
he
admirable
afterwards.
allowed
of
to
accused
him, and
and
clamor
the
the
to
shops
riot,the presence
and
in court,
to
of mind.
all the
which
expectationof
in
had
and put
hiding-place
city,in
advocate, confounded
written
Finally
furiouslyhostile
been
women
fightingmen.
his
too
of the soldiers
mob
the
from
Cicero
sightof
were
CICERO.
OF
dragged
death.
The
of
by competent
seem,
YS
DA
the
was
THE
number
boys, a
there
IN
best
never
mullets."
have
; if you
tasted
swered,
an-
had
these
BRA
WL
AND
he
Naturally
When
Caesar
Rome,
he
at
this
Pompey.
to
corrupt
of
his
the
raise
to
and
him,
into
was
him.
there
and
in
ferred
pre-
and
favor
endeavored
he
the
ment.
banish-
Italy
to
insurrection
follow
of
Enraged
was.
whom
long.
master
over
came
an
followers
peninsula,
he
troops
refused
before
from
want
where
The
few
mullets
recalled
not
he
231
himself
did
him
to
the
be
to
treatment,
of
of
Caesar
have
CONSEQUENCES.
made
hoped
attempted
with
tired
had
But
to
ITS
He
extreme
killed
retreated
south
CHAPTER
CATO,
"
FROM
has
resolute
was
BRUTUS,
earliest
his
that
years," so
down
come
slightest. Not
roused,
but
the
his
one
of them.
It
and
that
bear
boyhood
house.
His
there
"
he
tutor
"
on.
his
Why
his anger,
once
but
acquired
wanted
The
took
days
signs
were
asked
evil
of the
teacher.
; he
stories
him
no
"
know
told of
is
Sulla's
tion,
Proscrip-
bloody
one
was
Here
to
of the
of the
does
slowly,
to
character.
this
out
with
was
learned
He
he
"
resistance.
smile
his
thing."
in the
was
going
was
with
teachers, but
of every
reason
Cato,
Flattery met
easilyprovoked,
his
to
of
us
never
obedient
and
the character
runs
threats
implacable.
was
to
obstinacy.
to
laughed,
never
PORCIA.
AND
He
man
XII.
work
kill this
Because,
my
CATO,
son,
they
was
the
fear him
I may
set
be
may
Like
supposed,
most
his courage,
which
that
temperance
and
His
of
time
indeed
an
class
send
on
ended, he
he intended
in
their
master
did
acquaintance
to
master's
one.
they
It
went
visit.
to
most
and
in
accommodation
only
was
to
only by
of
out
from
"
cook
the
to
These
We
Roman
dawn
be
to
visit him.
At
his
on
the tributary
happened
duty.
an
get
of the
he would
place which
would
enter
the
inn, and
an
set
invitation
tour.
baker
town
on
enough
world, but by his
interestinglittle pictureof
upper
life as
began
common
the
family,to
it
as
off in haste.
was
Galatia, who
joinder,
re-
that
tutor,
diligentperformance
of the
old friend
sword
he
conquered
service
of
the
was
The
Romans
travels, acceptingan
king
"
him,"
hate
nation
me
him
carried
young
won
then,"
free ?
country
my
233
they
given
not
you
soldier,and
in
Why
"
have
PORCIA.
than
more
answer.
"
AND
BRUTUS,
the
when
there
without
there
for their
prepare
troublingany
was
magistrates and
no
inn
that
asked
for
LIFE
ROMAN
234
; and
entertainment
with
what
IN
their demands
Nor
did
DA
they
were
and
their
enforcing
threats, so
nothing prepared.
favorable
more
did
he
impression, sittingas
with
they met
customary
create
master
CICERO.
always content
on
OF
attention, not
the
with
YS
Often
assigned.
was
that Cato
THE
quietlyon
his
luggage,and seeming
to
Sometimes,
he
would
and
authorities
town
up
however,
these
mean
Once
least he
at
found
found
the
the
company,
in
boys
garlandsof
these
was
another.
in
Some
priests
"
that
But
old
so
man
ran
much
as
out
he
thought,
with
in
one
Every body
these
"
white
wore
side
stood
men
were
robes
the
and
preparations were
annoyed
Catos."
are
either
on
The
flowers.
them.
An
lined
holiday dress.
magistratesand
give
Approaching Antioch,
of spectators.
troops
was
road
visitors
himself,as
received.
magnificently
he
best
the
friends
inhospitable
my
won't
you
ways,
had
You
"
say,
for
send
his
he
had
servants
was
from
for himself,
soon
not
undeceived.
greetingthe
new
vented
pre-
comer,
out
with-
cried,
"
did
Where
will
he
"
Returning
usual
duties
Cato
with
the
In the
Cato
stood
"
the
and
integrity,
filled
It
he
that
affair of the
only turn
through
went
zeal and
utmost
wanted
ness
great-
always discharginghis
probably,as long as he
place,with great success.
was
could
place !
he
of honors,
course
Pompey's
of his master's
Rome
to
When
was
Wretched
"
235
Demetrius
some
him.
on
muttering,
PORCIA.
Demetrius
had
and
reflected
away
leave
you
come
freedman,
AND
BRUTUS,
CATO.
subordinate
when
was
began
fail.
to
of
conspiracy
manship
states-
Catiline
the
that
due
to
other
tion
preserva-
forethoughtof Cicero,
the
This
preserved.
was
in
find
he could
whom
who
to
the oration.
taking down
the
to be told,was
This, it is interesting
ning
begin-
of shorthand.
republic;
but
more
less
certainly
he
was
honest
much
perhaps
discreet in
believed
and
more
we
in the
mising,
uncompro-
may
say, but
puttinghis principles
236
ROMAN
into
LIFE
He
action.
of
and
Caesar
he
to
OF
CICERO.
lacked
of
both
the
to
"
abandon
his
opposing
of
Yet
the
citywould
of
He
the
secured
it failed
the
do
so
he
continued
Cato
but
the
act,
cause
certainlybe-
more
been
hardly used.
always seeking to
in the
we
leavingof
the Roman
was
been
may
view
doing
willingto
not
it (ifwe
of the
his best
live
in
honor, and
empty
very
of
which,
descended
con-
against
lapseof
sheer
way
to
fruitless. Caesar
he had
to
been
obstruction
by
opposition was
all
reality,
have
"
entering
tillsunset
spoke
of
arts
abandoned
course
become
to
triumph
the
use
proposition,and
time.
permission
the
hopes
him.
Spain,petitioned
consulship without
enter
to
the
for
for the
city
Pompey
Senate
candidate
mulation
accu-
dignity and
the
oppose
hands
in the
he
; but
YS
DA
himself
set
power
prudence,and
THE
IN
worst
his country,
Even
him
in that
in his
life,
moment
he
moralityof suicide),
for
Rome.
(forCaesar
was
Had
he
ready
to
him,
spare
yet
good
for him
he
of what
of its
must
life
last army
to
the
stir up
the
of
the
republic had
Caesar
and
Cato
people
his life. A
to
kinsman
intercede
undisputed
vainlyendeavored
of Utica,
town
near
his quarters;
up
to
put
of Caesar, who
with
stroyed
de-
been
was
characteristic
pictureso
world.
of the
citizen.
as
Thapsus,
at
master
hasty impatience
honest
most
omit
not
of Roman
The
do ; in his
his country
We
not
to
237
was
could
who
enemies
he
as
PORCIA.
AND
BRUTUS,
CATO,
an
was
the conqueror
end
paring
pre-
for the
lives of the
help
in
said,
"
hands
to
take
should
by
the
three
I should
and
my
go
fall
it
shame
no
his knees."
at
"
favor
of
hundred
intercede, let
speech."
think
This
to
a
ask
us
see
business
I refuse
Still,as
for
what
Were
clasphis
willing
repliedCato,
it. But
tyrant.
others
to
whom
be
you
to
there
are
"
live
are
to
done
with
the
finished, he
took
an
can
238
affectionate
his
laid
he
with
the
he had
of the
invited
fated
conversation
favorite
himself, and
he
orders
to
dinner,
an
over
talk,and this
when
"
the
of the
one
on
Stoics,
with
of
since
ever
But
turn
bad
Only
the
slaves," Cato
are
energy
the company
and
even
suspect
some
hastened
the officers
his chamber.
custom
After
; the
Here
to
other
his customary
to
ed
follow-
dinner, to which
in tone.
the
by talkingon
he took
to
The
the
warned
again ;
Then
learned
much
happened
terrible resolve.
ensued
his
been
that made
of
meal, instead
the
at
cheerful
is free
good man
expressed himself
fierceness
sat
of
meddle
of friends, magistrates
number
maxims
his
worthy
take
to
On
to
was
be shameful.
was
than
as
could
of Pharsalia.
day
other
CICERO.
OF
his friends.
part
man
no
had
Such
He
town.
This
reclining.
the
YS
injunctionnot
other would
and
son
strict
of Cato
any
DA
publiclife.
name
take
THE
offices his
good
son
IN
LIFE
ROMAN
topics.After
walk, gave
on
he
the
remove
guard,and
took
up
picion
sus-
dinner
the necessary
then
the
sought
Phaedo,
CATO,
the famous
which
dialoguein
day
when
he
is
drink
the
immortalityof
to
PORCIA.
AND
BRUTUS,
239
Socrates,
the
discusses
poison,
the soul.
almost
had
He
the
on
his
while
he
asked,
sat
of
roused.
struck
even
slaves," he
in
search
sword
still it
; and
my
hands
and
the
sword
my
breath
It
of my
give
can
is idle
years
do
My
son
listen
he
me
to
to
think
alive
my
the
to
entreaties,
going
Caesar
without
dash
and
me
no
you
to
up
or
which
fist,
said, "that
Are
arms
his
betraying
are
would
my
man
the
; but
for the
with
"
"
madman,"
strippedof
wall.
As
findingthat
asked
blow.
said,
He
enemy."
hold
he
"
his book
of them
one
the
injuredby
"Am
sword
was
now
forthcoming. His anger
He vehemently reproached the slaves,
not
and
my
it
slave and
interval followed
Another
again.
called
few minutes,
had
removed
He
resumed
being made,
not
was
taken
nothing,he
course
was
has
had
son
dinner.
at
Who
"
said
man
the
His
removed.
been
he
he
upwards,
eyes
chancing to turn
perceived that his sword
I
to
am
bind
As
it ; I need
head
my
that
you
but
against
can
againsthis will."
for
the
keep
It
was
*4Q
ROMAN
felt
to
this
LIFE
be
IN
and
and
read
to
end, and
sleep
that
OF
CICERO.
the face of
straightand
am
fell into
the
master."
own
my
again from
beginning
profound
so
outside
standing
persons
the
his
midnight
breathing.About
physician and one of his freed-
inquirewhether
physicianhe
slave-boy
young
was
freedman
The
hand,
Now
afterwards
for his
men.
"
the Phaedo
heard
chamber
sent
YS
Cato
the blade
findingthat
then
the sword.
back
said,
edge perfect,
he
DA
impossible to persist in
determination,
brought
He
THE
friends had
his
asked
to
bind
which
request
commissioned
was
sail.
set
his
up
to
The
wounded
heard
his attendants
to indicate a resolve
delight,as it seemed
He again sent
to
to live.
inquire about his
friends and expressed his regret at the rough
which they seemed
weather
likelyto have. The
with
birds
were
beginning
now
approach of dawn,
The
freedman
the harbor
was
again alone, he
but
stabbed
was
not
as
fatal.
with
He
was
by
fell
the
at
short
sleep.
news
that
he found
himself
it
with
returned
quiet. When
hand,
he fell into
and
now
to
himself
the sword,
the wounded
faintingon
the
CATO,
BRUTUS,
AND
and
near,
rindingthat
wound
bind
to
Cato,
the
If the end
it is still
rests
on
physician,
memorable
a
as
who
of
had
He
was
the
genuine
of
of
faults.
Indeed
life with
which
is very
again,is
little to
be
married
Appius Claudius,
Clodius, and
in-law
to
his
of
had
he
had
of
told in
the
one
serious
to
And
means
this,
detail.
some
of the
He
quainted
ac-
an
side of Rom-
accompanied
province,Cilicia.
lier
ear-
well
be
daughter of
kinsman
increasinghis
some
of his
credit.
his
ing.
learn-
from
seem,
happen
we
whose
taken, and
transaction
one
known,
letters and
but
part,
Brutus
was
been
for
age,
characteristic
so
of
He
had
love
his
the
fame
promise,with
free, it would
vices
Brutus
the
specialpains
education
aside, and
its noblest
deed.
man
young
his
expired.
that
true
more
ceeded
pro-
recovering
lifewas
of Cato's
one
indeed,
wound,
others
mortal,
not
was
it up.
the
tearing open
which
with
son
and
chamber,
the
241
counting board
groaning. His
into the
rushed
PORCIA.
tain
cer-
ous
notori-
his father-
took
the opportuni
by lending
ROMAN
242
LIFE
the
to
money
THE
IN
lend
only
money
of
way
OF
CICERO.
making
credita
dis-
noblest.
interest
upon
it
money,
thought a
not
was
occupation even
To
YS
provincials.Lending
be remembered,
must
DA
indeed, the
was,
the
investment, besides
an
an
buying of land, that was available to the Romthan
But
Brutus
was
more
a
capitalist.
is,he
usurer
an
money-lender, he was
; that
an
extravagantlyhigh rate
sought to extract
of interest
brought
from
him
A certain
Scaptius had
in
lendingmoney
Cyprus. Under
been
had
some
from
the
the
cavalryat
his
the
it is told
council-room
tillfive of them
heard
was
on
his way
refused
of
not
his
to
to
the
us,
of this
his
own
he
Senate
command,
grant such
pleased,
in their
deed
monstrous
of
extorted
ger.
hun-
perished of
province ;
request
He
way.
in the town,
terms
shuttingup,
he
as
posts
that
to
he had
any
he
torily
peremp-
Scaptius for
saying
in
Claudius,
and
disposal,
what
inhabitants
Cicero
of
command
Salamis
of
town
thing his
appointed to
greed
Cicero.
government
every
this
been
the
to
had
Scaptius had
had
And
his debtors.
newal
resolved
re-
person
Brutus'
it
sake
out
would
take
This
the
in the
and
"
that
came
town
it was
Brutus
243
or
one
the customary
principal he
should be paid.
do
interest. An
this should
"
but
came
been
twelve
exceed
monthly,
of payment.
way
then
edict had
never
cent,
per
that
time
some
the
was
ready to
was
question of
cent.,
for
not
care
publishedthat
per
PORCIA.
in
engaged
AND
BRUTUS,
CATO,
that
But
being
Scaptius
not
regulationsrestraininginterest were
protested that
apply to Salamis. The town
to
they
"
could
not
could
They
smaller
not,
customary
Cicero
he
Atticus,
and
than
and
have
been
who
had
Brutus
was
me
there
churlish
the
not
asks
"
were
is
met
exacted
principal.
the
even
ality
for the liberdeclined
much
the
vexed.
favor," writes
always something
stillhe
moves
laughter
anger."
the
When
Caesar
governor,
when
to
arrogant
more
they said,
presents.
Even
terms
double
claim, if it had
of the
"
would
which
terms
if such
pay
civil
broke
war
Pompey,
it
was
out
between
expected
that
ROMAN
244
LIFE
would
Brutus
had
no
had
YS
DA
himself
OF
love.
CICERO.
the
to
to
reason
in
THE
attach
who
Pompey,
IN
death, he
to
if he
But
pulous
unscru-
was
he
things,in politics
some
which
would
he
former.
had
ciples
prin-
abandon,
not
the
Cato
was
received
his
right. Pompey
astonishment
to
in
camp
side
He
of
most
spent
making
the
Greek
He
passed through
historian
of the
the
of
Second
disastrous
with
time
the very
epitome
an
the
his chair
his
study,being ingrossed on
of the battle in
of
adherent
new
delight,risingfrom
and
greet him.
the
approved
in
eve
Polybius,
Punic
day
War.
of Phar-
be
the conqueror
him
with
to
not
onlypardoned
time
at
been
ungrateful.
work
which
to
least,he
But
he could
friendshipwith
how
there
not
had
Caesar, and,
died
not
sooner
the
the
kindness
not
to
for
have
influences
were
There
had
was
at
his
passionate
remembrance
than
battle,
but treated
seems
resist.
Cassius, who
against usurpers,
Cato
him
which, for
hatred
spared. After
submit
least,the association
of
himself
of his
CATO,
BRUTUS,
which
name,
The
he
of
statue
the
out
Tarquins
Brutus'
the time
which
How
Brutus
true
he slew
he killed himself
battle of
in
48
She
opinions of
confide
both
her
his
She
such
wound
wounded
as
barbers
was
like.
the
the
how
second
left
was
three
who
to
she
years
divorced
her.
marry
and
tastes
literary
father, and
on
sleepest,"
Cato,
in order
the
thought herself
seemed
unwilling
little
her
first
of her
one
afterwards
husband
papers
elsewhere.
Brutus,
the
"
praetor
already;
married
her husband
biography which
"
cousin
Claudia
aggrievedwhen
to
and
B.C.,
her
afterwards
of
daughter
script
in-
alive !
was
with
told
be read
Philippimay
Porcia, the
widow
he
despair after
in
such
thou," and
I have
driven
wert
Brutus, thou
"
art
Caesar
had
thou
covered
scribbled,
were
"A
or,
found
forget.
to
with
"
was
"
covered
was
chair of office
own
245
patriotwho
Brutus, would
"
at
old
PORCIA.
permitted
not
was
the
as,
and
AND
wrote
herself in the
use
for
deep, the
by
sons
of
his
stepfather.
thighwith
cuttingthe
loss of blood
tells
nails.
knife
The
great, and
246
ROMAN
the
pain
husband
wife
IN
LIFE
THE
YS
DA
followed
and
fever
was
in the greatest
that
him
addressed
thus
CICERO.
OF
Her
acute.
distress,when
'
Brutus, it
his
was
wife,
daughter of Cato who became
your
merely to share your bed and board, but to be
of your
partner
adversityand
You
not
the
prosperity.
your
complain, but
what
give me no cause
proof can I give you
of my
affection
if I may
secret
troubles.
Women,
not
I know,
Yet
secrets.
wife
showed
had
and
had
conceal
her
all who
entered
fainted
in the
of
business
the
heard
that
Porcia
of
Brutus
of
his wife
the
was
then
that
prove
she
her
She
hall of her
not
to
on
could
assassination, she
how
pany
com-
She
woman's
had
agitation.
was
had.'
herself
it upon
husband
honest
told him
and
constancy." For
her
When
I have
something
keep
to
and
the wound,
inflicted
she
good trainingand
Brutus,
to
him
courage
day
ill fitted
creatures,
do much,
may
and
your
weak
are
to
the
not
eagerlyinquiredof
fared, and
house.
at
last
In the midst
senate-house
Brutus
dying.
during the
XIII.
CHAPTER
IT
usual
was
for
undertake
of the
one
indeed
were
having
Indeed
whole
Rome.
These
of
appointments
the
profession of
had
hear
We
for
this
hear
his
of
And
Even
of
one
governor
allowance
in
the
and
Cicero,
of
as
put
out
province
who,
pounds
Out
economized.
who
at
left the
if
we
itself
may
in
interest
splendid
commonly
indeed
much
purpose.
magnificent
fifty thousand
allowed
been
to
the government
governor
and
consul,
or
more
prizes
new
or
year
after
statesman,
praetor
provinces.
hundred
one
of
the treasury.
outfit from
of this
PROVINCE.
HIS
Roman
the
The
politics.
as
for
office
fillingthe
of
IN
GOVERNOR
were,
trust
his
GOVERNOR
and not
just,
dealingswith
his
have
the
seen,
thousand
HIS
of
out
the
on
fiftythousand
his
honors
not
and
felt himself
unfitted
for the
to
which
and
besides
value.
most
did
of
not
pettieraffairs
care
life,
political
superiorto
once
of
with eagerness
He
center
at
tionally
excep-
years,
forward
Cicero.
be
was
incalculable
of
the
from
office.
hundred
profitsto
attract
be absent
hand,
in three
looked
twenty
of
year
three
art
and
contemporaries
did
to
of
other
pounds
works
collecting
profitof
handsome
very
rapacious, made
the
249
proceedings,was exceptionally
in
only just,but even
generous
the provincials,
made, as we
pounds
Verres, who,
But
PROVINCE.
of his
account
own
IN
of
and
provincial
government.
He
had
after his
But
upon
had
was
the time
him.
when
came
in his
Pompey
vacant
his chance
with
or
consul
provinces.
the
it
third
law
rest, and
consulship
by which it
who
had
should
Cicero
forced
was
had
cast
to
filled
lots
take
LIFE
250
ROMAN
him
Cilicia.
in his
was
Cilicia
IN
THE
This
YS
DA
in
was
B.
OF
CICERO.
51, and
c.
Cicero
fifty-sixth
year.
was
as
including,
considerable
province of
it
extent,
portion of
Asia
The
positionof
anxious
by
formidable
two
the
Crassus.
in the
between
Cicero
besides
to
take
with
lieutenant
in Cilicia.
of visitors
Hortensius
was
"
his
At
return). He asked
Every thing else I
(he
"
terms,
allow
but
as
far
me
under
Cumae
in him
him
on
Caesarin
to
act
he received
he
this
before
for my
left with
begged
as
cavalry.
command
died
to
brother, who,
them, and
among
feeble health
in very
attached
"little Rome,"
of
twelve
appointment
his
distinction
resigned
but
army
thousand
his
up
accompanied by
Gaul, had
levee
most
auxiliaries, were
three
and
two
served
piecesthe
province, having
started
ist,
of Rome's
Parthians, who
to
cut
more
legions, numbering
troops
stationed
having
had
Two
thousand
May
neighborhood
before
made
was
neighbors,the
years
them
its governor
aa
says.
though
Cicero's
instructions.
him
in
general
especiallynot to
lay,the government
of
my
be continued
province to
On
year."
the
Pompey.
He
State
the
from
shadows
of
in the
out
i;th
where
Tarentum,
PROVINCE.
HIS
IN
GOVERNOR
that
civil war,
the
after
year
for the
defend
which
break
return,
East, he
the
The
to
was
were
the
Brundisium,
At
with
days
dread."
we
Cicero's
alreadygathering.
of embarkation
ready to
"
dangers
he reached
three
spent
him
into another
me
month
of the
he
found
to
251
port
detained
was
partly by indisposition,
partlyby having to
wait
for one
of his officials for nearly a
in northwestern
reached
Actium,
fortnight He
Greece,
would
have
the
the
route
brought
from
; but
there
for his
province.
him
Athens.
this
to
place,
"
of my
I have
they must
do
he could
became
Eleven
So
montory
pro-
difficulty
which
"
having
not
governor
days
more
far,"he writes
expenditure of publicor
no
has
retinue.
was
He
by land,
formidable
the
which
state
privatemoney
that
of
rounding
thence
sailor, and
maintain
en
bad
us,
Leucate
about
proceed
to
he tells
being,as
in view
liked
i5th of June.
the
on
been
made
convinced
their best
on
me
all my
for my
or
any
people
character.
ROMAN
252
So
LIFE
been
THE
DA
YS
OF
admirably.
noticed, and
Greeks."
me
IN
CICERO.
The
thing has
greatly praised by the
is
much
"
remembered,
city with
; the
"
to
myself,much more,
good feelingtowards
studies."
He
able
was
too, its philosophical
do
before he left to
the people a
service,
the
from
rescuing
with
modern
went
of
sea
his
way,
at
to
pay
their
get back
ordinary Roman
Paris is
to
as
the
he
of persons
he
was
him.
to
Rome
"
to
without
tell
who
had
All
and
us,
come
this
was
anxious
peculiarly
was
Rome.
local vessels.
July 22nd,
is careful
he
respects
to
the country,
of the
on
Then
doomed.
number
vast
pagus,
of Areo-
feelingfor antiquityas
Ephesus
being sea-sick,as
the
builder
the
the council
smallness
the
reached
found
of
council, had
voyage
winds,
He
little
as
town
on
hands
Epicurus, which
of
house
the
few
indeed
the
to
singularlovers
of
"
IN
GOVERNOR
to
in office for
only ;
even
year
From
the
journeys,complaining of
he
roads,
Tralles, and
to
cities of his
am
month."
intercalated
an
253
Atticus, "that
certain,"he writes
a
PROVINCE.
HIS
hot
and
Laodicea,
province, to
be
to
be
Ephesus
Tralles, one
from
to
dusty
of the
which
he
be
may
reckoned
province in
miles.
thousand
He
less than
something
at
found
have
to
seems
the
I staid," he
writes,
deplorable condition.
"three days at Laodicea, three again at Apamca,
and as many
at
Synnas, and heard nothing
except complaintsthat they could not pay the
"
poll-tax
imposed
property
upon
was
complaintsand
groans,
which
seemed
to
horrid
wild beast.
these
to
no
unhappy
expense
I will
not
for
me
receive
suit
and
not
man
Still it is
towns
or
the
some
that
they
of my
for any
fodder
which
reckoned
Forty-seven days was
accomplishing the journey.
nothing but
deeds
monstrous
a
very
one's
but
some
alleviation
are
put
to
followers.
is my
short
legal
time for
LIFE
ROMAN
254
due,
nor
the
even
accepted four
often
not
to
CICERO.
Sometimes
roof
see
people from
over
lodge
them
in
ble
incredi-
and
heavens
make
to
head
my
town
Good
me.
seems
I have
of all this is an
consequence
of
approach
and
OF
this, preferringto
concourse
anxious
YS
DA
wood.
beds
even
The
tent.
THE
IN
country
! my
revive,
very
so
pletely
com-
do the
of
your
allowed
be
must
to
Usury
sound
his
the
; and
widespread distress
was
practicedeven
by
We
have
"
an
seen
Pompey
cent.
interest
nearlyone
the
from
was
do
we
he
was
what
enormous
pounds
entitled
every
thingwent
whole
country
In
into
was
the
to.
could
Pompey's
drained
as
nearlyfifty
per
per
rate
of
sum
of
annum
impecunious king
uttermost.
such
man,"
of
seen,
good repute.
receiving,at
thousand
of this
have
we
of
Romans
know, the
not
tomed
unaccus-
causes
as
usury,
honorable
was
hundred
less than
of this
chief
interest
Brutus, exacting an
not
was
praises.
own
of
one
was
Cicero
that
Other
this
debtors
get nothing
purse,
of coin
end, however,
to
and
the
the very
Cicero
did
256
ROMAN
LIFE
THE
IN
Parthians, he founder
of
as
and
had
the
days
had
taken
he,"
says
of
position which
Alexander
up
his face,
"
either
was
againstthe
with
allthe
somewhat
I."
or
you
form
Free
something
He
plunder
general than
his
of
At
the
place surrendered.
of the
place to
Cicero
his
considerable
sum
slaves.
in the world
"
you
"
are
these
Pindenissi
will say.
Well, what
Cilicia another
^tolia,
The
was
campaign
"
never
"
Who
who
heard
are
the
I do ? I can't make
can
or
the
gave
host, reservingthe
name."
arms
their hold
siege,
strongend of forty-seven
horses
they ?
on
and
trenches, earthworks, catapults,
regularmachinery
the
military
smile
turned
next
And
"
Cilicians,investingin regular
Pindenissum.
days
better
his
some
Great
the
like
as
soldiers,
occupying for
always relates
Cicero, who
with
his
before
achievements
were
saluted
by
the satisfaction
The
border
was
"Imperator"on
opportunity
soldier.
; Cicero
defeated
CICERO.
an
of the
independent mountaineers
and
OF
contrived
distinguishinghimself
attacked
YS
DA
another
concluded
about
Macedonia."
the middle
GO
of December,
the army
placehe
this
that
I left Tarsus
as
for Asia
cannot
handing
his way
writes
over
Lao-
to
Atticus
to
57
in
us
(theRoman
called)on
VINCE.
and
self-glorious
ring of honesty about it.
to
seems
boastful,but stillhas
"
PRO
the governor,
and
From
language
HIS
to
dicea.
IN
VERNOR
provinceso
such
by
cities of
the
from
express
tion
admira-
and especially
from the peopleof Tarsus.
Cilicia,
When
I had
marvelous
as
to
eagerness
from
singlerequisition
quartered upon
person
before
turned
to
to
to
profitin
find winter
paid
from
and
while
this island
in sober
I
was
had
after year
Year
The
had
I say
"
truth
in
"
it without
not
to
not
In
at
ished. I will
allow
which
any
but
have
; and
exaggeration
return
they are
cities
Cyprus
account
singlecoin
power.
benefits,benefits
not
this
,"48,000 on
been
wealthy
of money
single
than
more
this way.
far
as
received
not
them.
six months
not
had
me,
largesums
pay
had
was
in Asia
me
time
my
there
During
they
government
my
used
see
districts extended.
my
of
the Taurus
crossed
levied
was
for
these
simplyaston*
verbal
honors
LIFE
ROMAN
258
be voted
to
IN
THE
DA
YS
OF
CICERO.
of
Statues, temples,chariots
to me.
trouble
I do
to
so
the
to
you,
cities, though it is
while
with
praises.Bear
the rule which
I thus
would
you
the famine
and
"
had
than
for
event
an
me
results that
there is
then
been
no
Greeks
"
and
which
citizens,who
engage
to
that you
see
more
to
Roman
convey
tribes."
various
the
to
prevailed
harvest)
the
help
are
many
of
I held
at
He
writes
were
here.
Laodicea
At
again :
tion
modera-
my
would
You
secreted
largequantity
pleasedwith
self-restraint.
pleasedif you
had
be
cities were
for all my
freed
entirely
greatlyrelieved,and
from
much
the sessions
districts,
fluenc
simple inI prevailedupon
the
expostulations,
and
the corn,
no
to
force, without
journeyed,without
law, without
reproaches, but my
and
is
follow.
me
such
which
(therehad
in the country
had
own
This
me.
famine
"
was
love
have
deplorablecalamity
more
proclaim my
if you
me,
myself
possible
to
May
work.
their debts,
all of them
enjoy
GO
VERNOR
HIS
IN
PRO
in which
ways
of either
no
throwing off
of debt.
burden
spend
been
or
First
and
259
obtaining
so
life. There
the
them
were
opportunity
greatlylighteningthe
been
: they have
put to
my
rule
positively
say
that
under
expense
; I
I gave
VINCE.
farthing. Then
atrociouslyrobbed
I do
"
they
not
ate
exagger-
have
not
to
who
magistrates.I myself questioned the men
office during the last ten
borne
had
years.
and, without
They confessed
being publicly
disgraced,made
being wanting in
by clemency and courtesy.
address, is marked
There
is
of the
none
usual
so
difficulty,
provinces,of approaching me
by
chamberlain.
in my
house,
was
old
my
He
who
I used
and
This
popular,and
not
good enough
to
be in old
for office.
to
am
is
keep him
foot
on
days
a
when
great
myself,from
yet been
cares.
in the
introduction
no
dawn
to
practicein it,has
had
was
Before
candidate
here
matter
as
respects
without
government,
my
In other
restitution.
One
some."
trouble-
Caelius,
informed
of
260
ROMAN
what
find
LIFE
THE
IN
happening
his letters
filling
was
DA
YS
OF
and
Rome,
at
with
CICERO.
whom
of
wild
so
would
country
for
beasts
Cicero
exhibit.
them
soon
as
nearlyall my
the
as
panthers.
and
Curio
If you
from
which
must
gave
sent
I have
the
orders.
and
transport
The
governor
the
letters
In
about
to
you,
thers,
pan-
These
Africa.
for hunters
to
Pamphylia
taken
than
beseech
you
only to give
provided people to keep
You
not
have
when
hear
of
once
province. Still he
would
taken."
imposing
the
ers
the hunt-
"
ten
from
are
I do
to
after
you
more.
send
to
animals
would
the
have
Curio
others
ten
only remember
Cibyra,and also send
matter.
didate
can-
look
to
to
times
will
after this
no
wanted
discreditable
was
would
written
many
and
have
of the election.
have
me,
governor
forgetto
It will be
not
you
he
not
he hears
should
He
sedile,and
letters I have
that Patiscus
ten
show
the
him.
modest
doubtless
in procuringfor
difficulty
mixture
amusing
an
we
do
his best
GOVERNOR
obligehis
to
is
friend.
who
"
The
there
is
few
that
there
persecuted."
are
only
Laodicea
capitalof
Cicero
his
governor,
and
August.
On
returned
he
way
where
had
himself
studied.
regret of the
amusing
of
him
His
says.
some
to
dinner
stay
at
for his
Rhodes
days brought
and
to
his government)
eloquence in
he
heard
Laodicea,
at
son
in the
utable
disrep-
him
probably of
reach Ephesus
tedious
to
had
father's sake, he
was
not
to
ew
neph-
and
gladiators,
some
visit
of Hortensius.
himself
fourteen
acting
early in
Here
death
of
the
an
son
him
school
company
asked
his
famous
he
the
ince
prov-
up
paid
the
seen
Tarsus,
to
homewards
wishing to show to
(they had accompanied
had
my
appointed
Rhodes,
He
them
wound
province,
started
his
in
creatures
much
hunt
to
the
complain grievously,
saying
are
that
he
by
to
of them, and
strange scarcity
the
From
with
of the panthers
matter
they are
which
261
PROVINCE.
accustomed
are
but
the
HIS
being diligentlyattended
persons
that
IN
passage
Athens.
On
of
his
262
ROMAN
LIFE
IN
journey westwards
behind
afterwards
a
of
man
and
writes
was
his
by
great and
Cicero
very
free
set
varied
him
to
he
of
than
the
in
it of
such
Nor
is there
quite like
say,
when
Now
slavery still
mulatto
States of America,
men
was
the
nothing
Life"
Tiro.
as
venture
even
in the
and
existed
is
to
Roman
"
might
it elsewhere
of the world.
might
There
know
to
he
accomplishments,
as
thing,we
be left
to
but
we
presence
ant,
serv-
slave, though
master
any
CICERO.
had
of his friends.
dearest
OF
illness,and
Tiro
Patrae.
at
YS
DA
with
seized
was
THE
whole
tory
his-
in
Southern
and
quadroon slaves
in point of apmight have been found who
pearanc
and
accomplishments were
scarcely
their
from
different
what
was
in the
men
always a taint,or
of negro
blood
In
to
see
men,
might even
descent),and
their masters,
human
it
Rome
But
owners.
reckoned
and
have
must
possiblybetter
be
counted
there
a
women
been
born
better
as
was
taint,
so
uated.
sit-
common
(for Greek
than
Roman
than
probably better educated
had absolutelyno
who
rightsas
beings,and
could
be tortured
or
killed
264
ROMAN
who
was
certainly
LIFE
friend
IN
THE
far above
rather
than
YS
DA
his
OF
CICERO.
condition
mean
Believe
servant.
me,
letters and
his, I fairly
leaped
for
thank
congratulateyou.
If
my
when
I read your
joy ; I both
of
the fidelity
and
Statius
valuable
how
pleasure,1
gives me
in
Tiro
much
so
be
must
this
same
I have
loving you
told
have
tell
me,
and
frequent.
on
the
are
and
;
no
fewer
the
by
second.
without
not
piece of
to
trust
invalid
the
third
on
the
news.
than
to
all
saw
seventh
of
the month
letter from
by
hesitation,tillyou
See
the
on
your
letter
now
by
say,
quitestrong,
are
either
277.
by
"
much
"
is that
travel
page
Tiro.
littlecomforted
result
yourselfto
firstvery
to
The
at
are
eighth of
first page,
bound
were
on
answer
the
you
letter."
variously affected
troubled
for
reasons
is this that
you
is dated
One
apparentlyin
am
indeed
in your
fifth,and
November
there
there
this excellent
Cicero's letters
good
very
now
as
me,
heart
your
many
land
do
or
GO
I shall
sea.
see
quite
the
doctor's
fee
not
invitation
left
to
and
Then, after
to
returns
the
him
make
regrets that
tells him
for
him
of
my
dear
Tiro.
the
to
sea
He
Mescinius.
If
voyages.
is
not
of distinction, who
captain."
he
must
In
revive
wide
will have
ease
best
that
much
ous
dangerwith
come
careful in his
with
come
person
influence with
tells Tiro
his mind
remedy
"
and
of letters and
physician thought
he writes
be
letter he
his love
in your
too
can,
to
The
In another
him,
another
"
profits. Be cautious,
wont
with
rash
make
If you
traverse.
that he had
voyage.
be
to
have
You
an
public affairs,he
of
not
their
increase
to
the
Brundisium.
at
tive.
atten-
more
and
notice
you
Another
expense.
question
ask
again
must
the
not
was
compelled to accept
mule
brief
see
criticise
to
on
if I
dyspeptic patient.
letter he
concert,
265
I wish
goes
any
felt himself
horse
V1NCE.
as
might
another
invalid had
to
spare
doctor
In
He
give
to
to
the
to
soon
as
you
PRO
prescriptions.Soup
right thing
is
HIS
restored."
you
Tiro
IN
VERNOR
I have
was
the
that
learning.
was
illat
occupation.
received
your
266
ROMAN
LIFE
letter with
its
IN
THE
slave)to
Cicero
could
of
care
Tiro
of
age
we
not
Cicero
it
reached
between
civil
growing
have
to
had
The
offense
to
it
by
so
obtain, and
weakness
His
anxieties
two
he
been
livingto
mind
the
"
perceived
to
voted
danger of
be
daily
anxious
desire
the Cilician
over
by
of
an
tracted
dis-
was
the distinction
in Cicero
it
to
that
seems
he
of
publicthanksgiving
him
Cato, who
principle,having given
doing. A triumph was less
indeed
the
journey by
tillNovember
25th
not
was
honor
on
life of his
homeward
rewarded
already
opposed
his
militarysuccesses
mountaineers
triumph.
him."
with
from
imminent, and
more
his
ness.
ill-
three.
Italy.
which
war,
him
and
pursued
he
your
affectionate
more
written
prevent
been
the
to his care
owe
certainly
his correspondence. His weak
hundred
wonder,
no
cook
shown
have
to
preservation of
did
CICERO.
son.
And
health
and
you,
have
not
is said
master.
has
serious
upon
sick
OF
you
wait
YS
shaky handwriting;
DA
to
show
should
have
him
easy
certain
sought
GO
kind.
a
their
ax)
an
the
fasces
hoped
with
obtain
to
with
whom
him
to
hopes
of
look
triumph,
lictors with
their
that
far
went
so
made
in the Senate
; but
granted
suggestion
Cicero
of
thinks,
given
was
the
up
that the
of
his
his
make
the
when
end
of
services
should
time
he
In
few
on
the
should
be
at
the
consuls, anxious,
own
actually
was
postponed
January
hopes.
fairlyembarked
the
was
Things
triumph
was
his
he
company.
proposition
the
to
dismiss
though
their
matter
clung
not
ornaments,
one
to
would
growing
was
still
he
tb**
reached
he
affairs
and
the
appreciated
Before
4th that
of
of
heartilywearied
his support.
promised
darker, but
and
Pompey,
for it,and
The
capital.
as
lictors
His
honor.
distinction.
till January
not
darker
this
he had
hope
Brundisium
at
the
wreathed
custom
was
for
moderate
very
landed
he
claimant
so
267
VINCE.
PRO
HIS
exploitsof
However,
formal
had
It
it for
obtain
to
IN
VERNOR
seems
more
more
come.
to
have
days
tide of civil
he
war.
XIV.
CHAPTER
ATTICUS.
of Atticus
THE
name
than
once
in the
of
extending
twenty
silence
to
the
over
not
"
period
There
a
the
have
We
letters
other
Atticus
contrive
times
he
had
was
to
at
of
with
men
Rome.
The
all
he
were
they
last
was
death.
characters
rare
beyond
who
in
Cicero's
position ;
being
later years,
with
peace
troublous
and
the
before
of those
one
wealth
friendship
him,
five-and-
reason
were
closely.
very
year
live
were
more
to
almost
correspondents
follow
about
addressed
of
spondent
corre-
indeed
the
consulship,
especiallyin
written
frequent intervals
are
Sometimes,
each
more
of the
year
both
that
Cicero.
years.
mentioned
preceding chapters as
hundred
five
than
has been
The
men.
all
who
measure
kept
up
close
in
the
very
ATTICUS.
of the
thickest
his
vanquished ;
enmities
no
in
Atticus
after
one
democratic
taking
But
characteristic
he
residence
he
Athens
He
popular.
every
Latin
giving as much
needy citizen.
tual
effec-
an
by
purpose
Athens.
With
transferred
to
the
investments
in
exceedingly
to
the
liberal distributions
of
at
bushel
He
rates
easy
and
spoke
Greek
half
to
and
had
charmed
young
cultivated
"
to
poetry.
man,
as
man's
gentle-
with
are
we
made
took
became
lent money
and
municipality,
corn,
he
inheritance
his
at
prudence
At
rupted
inter-
early resolved
out
call
and
politics,
carrying
his
up
should
we
party.
of
means
arouse
alarms,
temporary
belonged by
aloof from
stand
to
to
were
old age.
family,and
the
who
contrived
two
of what
was
those
life-long
peace,
or
ready with
ever
for
he
yet
; and
good
was
help
and
only by
died
he
fight;
and
sympathy
269
and
I beseech
taste,
would
was
have
taken
with
him
the
in his train.
"
don't take
ROMAN
270
LIFE
IN
THE
DA
YS
OF
to
me
but
After
you."
he
returned
Cicero's
he had
he
residence
to
Rome,
of
stood
to
turmoil
the
steadilyrefused
were
help from
his purse,
neutral.
He
presentingwhat
order
of the
join
to
of
knights;
not
most
with
of
between
thousand
four
pounds.
outlawed
he
in return
secured
the
horrors
second
biographer,Cornelius
say
of his moderation
He
had
no
hesitate
to
three
and
and
was
Antony
property
amidst
Proscription.
His
of life.
of the
Antony
protectedhis family ;
of the
testimonial
conspicuous
When
projectof
behalf
on
but he did
present
resolutely
a
of the
receive
to
in
not
partisansof
call
Csesar
as
kind
was
him
see
as
tions
obliga-
no
content
to
of
civil strife
The
should
we
the murderers
to
and
refused
stood
therefore
Caesar
Pompey
he
under
and
any.
of
year
of
was
thought ungratefulby
and
very
Office of every
; he
man,
any
the
Rome
Athens.
at
twenty-threeyears
in
consulship. At
aloof from
much
to
CICERO.
and
sumptuous
Nepos,
has
temperate
much
habits
country-house
ROMAN
272
LIFE
believed
IN
THE
YS
DA
OF
CICERO.
to
his
days
by voluntarystarvation.
It was
confided
and
his
and
had
when
this
to
for about
there
much,
happiness of
had
and
sympathy,
the
no
common
enabled
of
politics,an
his
not
full of
was
help ;
and
he
to
him
He
the
could
Cicero
with
degree, an
thanks
tion
connec-
letters,to
the
confidant.
time
same
and,
which
from
ready
family
brother, Quintus,
either of them.
better
of health.
sister, Pomponia,
younger
gather
we
acquaintance
in search
them, Atticus'
cares
schoolfellows,
their
be
Cicero
century his
been
to
came
Cicero's
marrying
at
had
two
visited Greece
between
was
quarter of
probably renewed
Cicero
have
The
wants.
Afterwards
not
correspondent,then, that
to
excellent
the
admirable
stand
outside
equally
ness,
of busi-
man
excellent
coolness
the turmoil
adviser
in
politics.
frequent subjectof
One
his friend
Atticus
must
not
I may
is money.
the relation
be
the
between
Cicero's
was
taken
Cicero's
two
letters
perhaps
to
express
by saying
that
literally.He
did
not
ATTICUS.
and
habituallyreceive
but
account,
did
he
constantlyin
was
273
pay
occasions
on
so
the habit
of
Atticus
he
making advances,
porary
tem-
as
infrequent,
not
we
the
himself
was
; and
interest, when
embarrassments,
may
Cicero's
on
money
wealthy
he
contemporaries generally,
his
Like
man.
made
income
an
precisefigureof
do
not
he
latter.
mentions
If
this
of
be
pounds,
thousand
pounds.
about
way,
of
rather
famous
would
should
be
and
have
had
to
matter
among
the
in
come.
in-
it is the
early
nearlyninety
say
something
which
ourselves
is,in its
the
case
there
in understandingthat
difficulty
acquireda great
life
eighteen
perplexingquestion. In
advocate
no
that
afterwards
property,
words
whether
less than
this occasion
take
Cicero's
a
he
so,
something
thousand
I may
think
to
His
capitalor
means
inclined
am
income
an
expressly state
indeed
that
sum
his property.
fortune.
But
he
the
LIFE
ROMAN
274
law
Roman
of old
times, when
the
life or
and
was
day, and
his fees.
But
to
grow
have
respect, and
charge of
this
well be
may
very
look
for other
This
is
strange
to
thinking.
a
man
our
circle of his
his
any
statement
of
His
income.
he had
of
which
of
ways
happens
leaves
any
as
house
is almost
acting
among
us
thing outside
Sometimes
we
legacies.
numerous
income
modern
family.
and
to
mony
patri-
included,
It
Arpinum
at
It seldom
of property
in this
have, then,
then
source
temporaries
con-
accepted. We
estate
And
in Rome.
counsel
brought
against him,
sources
an
seen,
ing
recover-
clean
never
considerable.
was
have
kind
of
hands
his enemies
as
barrister
ration
largeremunehimself always
Cicero
his
kept
this
to
of Cicero's
Some
up.
indeed
fact that
certainlyreceived
claims
support,
practiceof paying
for
defendants,
legalmeans
no
ceive
re-
practice
and
It exists
for the
has
to
pleaded
of his humbler
accounts
begun
great noble
theory.
ourselves
among
CICERO.
advocate
an
their attachment
repaidby
in
OF
the
property
stillexisted
had
from
YS
DA
forbade
strictly
payment
any
THE
IN
an
and
that
the
intimate
ATTICUS.
legacy.
bequeathed
money
recognitionof
In
Cicero
his
had
help
to
we
been
tillsomewhat
recognitionsof
to
his
about
of
year'sgovernment
that
probable
again,
he
Augurs
was
this
in
thing
some-
have
that these
career
the
to
State
He
out
of
lost.
the
and
made
province, but
into
his
was
hardly
was
money
elected
(this was
does
pounds
his
his
dred
hun-
two
fall in.
to
the
difficulty.Only
our
thousand
twenty
This
services
began
of
legacies. This
late in his
his
friends
received
it could
that
remember
must
common.
proof
life.
of
out
in
appreciatedby
in
of his
us
as
had
pounds
it
nition
recog-
exceedingly
are
very
been
that he
fellow-citizens,
in
literaryman
were
declares, giving
thousand
or
of
instances
statesman
they
he
But
eminence,
Rome
in which
way
to
his services,
of
rare.
275
his
it is
Then,
College
of
fifty-fourth
year).
These
religious
collegeswere
very rich. Their
proverbial for their splendor.
banquets were
Whether
the individual
benefit from
We
often
their
find him
revenues
members
we
derived
do
complaining
of
not
debt
any
know.
; but
276
he
LIFE
ROMAN
IN
THE
always speaks of
rather
does
not
than
YS
OF
CICERO,
; he
laugh
can
burden.
It
always
find
When
it.
at
mansion
nience
Inconve-
temporary
permanent
him
to
it as
as
oppress
spiritsenough
DA
the
on
he
buys
Palatine
Hill
much
so
would
any
body
But
this is
did
not
I should
that
see
accept
the
way
his way
out
not
be
glad to conspire if
as
an
accomplice."
me
which
in
who
man
speak.
affairs
Domestic
He
he
gives
the
birth
the
he sends
after years
of
his
of his wife ;
children.
when
news
when
and
is betrothed
frequent topic.
the health
of
accounts
announces
furnish
his
In
daughter
tells
He
doings and prospects of his son.
his brother's
also a good deal to say about
of the
has
household, which,
not
very
my
talk
brother
about
Here
happy.
domestic
life.
"When
to
came
you
subjectwhich
as
me.
have
is
and
before,
First
we
I had
we
was
their
of
scene
I reached
; afterwards
you
said
Arpinum,
had
much
to
the
discussed
at
came
278
LIFE
ROMAN
Not
make
to
have
no
been
more
Quintus.
at
least,and
offended
things which
behavior
went
The
Another
It is
he
day
next
To
"
agent)
"
told
He
I did
me,
not
not
the
like them
that
when
especially
wished
you
"
between
me
that
news
sending,he said,
was
to
the
mote
re-
the
at
at
the
Arpihave
moment
mood
same
in
touching on
readers.
my
invitation.
to
3Oth,with
to
up
cause
be-
would
me,
interest
delight,Cincius
came
to
joined me
of letters
specimen
my
did
they
her."
seen
hearty
than
in
"
other
many
Quintus remained
"
agreeabletopic may
more
by
his way
on
sister, he
I had
sister
blameworthy
more
CICERO.
your
more
was
province.)
Your
OF
to
on
husband
her
num.
YS
I pass
me
all the
was
Retreat.
DA
exasperatingthan
judgment
my
THE
could
long story of- it,no one
gentle than my brother, and
more
one
IN
I had
you
to
go
any
were
understand
Atticus'
(he was
daylighton
in
were
you
to
messengers
without
thing to
so
uary
Jan-
Italy.
you.
letter from
write
to
you,
with
what
delightI
US.
ATTIC
anticipate
will
"
has
that
than
would
send
Tullius
to
general
employ
give
They
the
at
wishes
too
had
time
Pilia
was
his
the
for
in
some
if
with
the
rest
of
right.
but
is
Cicero's
property
exile.
lady
to
whom
Atticus
was
it
yourself
it."
suffered
of
take
however,
That
you
helpers
how,come
you.
if
clerks,
to
this,
well.
glad
and
too
Any
with
be
library
All
indices.
Pilia2
should
orders
some
letters)
tory
satisfac-
more
binders
as
of
man
much
your
convenience.
bring
Tullia
of
two
for
your
and
You
marvelously
is
thought.1
me
parchment
suits
them
of
I
books
arrive
you
party.
your
Greek
(a
my
day
all
Tyrannic"
remains
with
house
arranged
What
my
find
The
coming.
your
to
come
279
engaged
CHAPTER
XV.
ANTONY
THERE
were
and
part,
of
power
But
he
little
seemed
His
belongings.
in
even
only
were
not
so
too
enormous
Plutarch,
of
matron
city
his
the
where
extravagance
and
common,
Caesar's,
became
his
his
were
the
was
kinswoman
type.
credit
life became
good
of
Roman
do
to
of
more,
one
best
likely
still
father
mother
same
wanted
of
riotous
as
than
and,
been
day,
his
man,
he
came
had
it
height
because
others,
his
the
same
He
of
generous
Caesar,
end
himself.
orators
kindly,
the
time
play
the
grandfather
His
greatest
in
Mark
the
would
to
managing
controlling
stock.
of
failed
At
he
climb
even
He
power.
of
that
which
in
Caesar.
probable
seemed
AUGUSTUS.
things
some
resembled
Antony
the
AND
to
his
ous
conspicuand
debts,
though
greater,
youth,
vice
for
says
they
MARCUS
ANTONIUS.
ANTON
amounted
about
to
taken
was
AND
There
look
manly
the
support
he
gired up
by
meals
taking his
had
as
help which
On
he
had
he
stood
of
ever
When-
with
and
friends, made
one
occasion
tunic
his
at
others
"
his drinking
eating in public,
from
His
the soldiers.
he gave
to
of Cilician hair.
humor,
coarse
from
dress.
soldiers'
the
astonishingeffect
an
popularwith
easy.
statues
anxious
vulgar to
that seemed
too
boastfulness, his
comrades
and
indeed
was
was
cloak
rough
wore
habits
"
him
gave
descended
this he
his appearance
the
beard, his
side, and
tables
There
dignified
the familiar
were
; and
of him
and
handsome
Antonii
soldier.
draws
noble
Hercules.
of Hercules
son
him
Plutarch
that resembled
legend that
his
as
His
picturesof
The
reputation
quired
rapidlyac-
broad
dissipationsby
he
something
was
He
pounds.
East, and
picturethat
in his appearance.
and
these
in the
considerable
is the
281
thousand
fifty
from
away
militaryservice
Here
AUGUSTUS.
in
making
bounty
too,
liberal hand
his way
he directed
to
that
to
power
a
pres-
282
ROMAN
LIFE
of three
ent
to
of the
His
he
"
happened
me
over/'
pay
had
to
thought
This
this.
OF
CICERO.
should
pounds
be
given
mind
table.
YS
DA
sum,
his master's
on
THE
thousand
friend.
IN
"
is this ?
What
by.
pass
The
"
it would
is but
be
times
trifle.
Add
broke
out,
as
to
it
as
bade
you
reply.
ten
coin
Antony,
money
the man's
was
said
to
Why,
"
much
as
much
as
more."
the civil war
When
party of Caesar,who,
the
with
He
while
did
his chief
Rome
as
his
him
on
and
Antony
rewarded
at
the open
found
him
to
the
to
; Caesar
Antony's
be
to
property, which
was
ners
man-
adherent
he
was
for
Pompey's
confiscated
he
had
bought.
Their
That
had
been
event
renewed
made
insufficiently
pay
alliance, however,
Caesar's death.
to
wards
after-
were
when
for his services,especially
called upon
mand.
com-
returned
troublesome
himself
conceived
two
of
in
Pharsalia, and
at
scandal
a
ity
popular-
his second
Egypt,
representative.There
went
differences between
offended
his
knowing
service
good
Antony joined
him
close
before
the first
ROMAN
284
gave
him
the
rank
next
He
came
to
Rome
avenging
who
had
his
having approved
time
For
some
death
and
after it, he
literature.1
he
reached
which
there
was
Antony
was
of
past, both
had
send
1
To
workmen
be
day
of
to
the years
rhetoric and
dig
of
the
for the
public,
re-
which
The
he
next
Senate,
at
honors
be
to
affecting
or
to
chance
certain
absent, and
was
who
threatened
out
of his house.
philosophy.
him
done
propose
him
himself
August.
meeting
public
to
before Caesar's
Rome,
to
by Antony,
to
of
secret
no
to
priated
appro-
Caesar, yet
devoted
Cicero, wearied,
Caesar.
to
tony,
An-
friendly,if
returned
now
returned
the last
on
how
with
was
made
day
he
there seemed
Now
he knew
terms
on
and
their deed.
also had
Cicero
as
purpose,
positionand
who
self.
him-
inheritance
murderers
life.
that
kept
his
CICERO.
the
But
inheritance, and
with Cicero,
certainly
For
with
He
actual
OF
the Dictator
to
usurped
the
with
not
YS
his time.
abide
DA
claiming his
he declared, of
to
THE
IN
LIFE
to
on
ANTONY
The
Cicero
day
next
being absent,
his conduct,
the
AND
and
and
was
two
have
criticised
I beseech
rejoicethat
be
can
or
After
these
and
delivered
The
object
to
attend
Antony
was
may
no
stillbelieved,
Antony
had
any
be crushed.
professionalteacher
down
attack
him,
of
this
he
to
invective
actual violence
whom
The
his
hindered
friends
into the
of
who
course
He
If
the
spent in preparation,
came
savage
wished
had
reason,
the
Without
soon
more
eloquence,Antony
of
were
told,by
are
the
those
believe, that
to
far
so
countrymen
patriotism.
fortnightor
assisted, we
He
of
of
famous."
or
professed
of peace,
hopes
Still
between
steer
so
born.
were
happy
capable
was
severity
some
think
that your
you
of
course," says
your
you
the Commonwealth
man
with
his assailant.
before, and
gone
dignifieddefense
Change
"
"
place,Antony
irreconcilable breach
no
men.
orator,
285
in his
was
made
proceedings of
there
AUGUSTUS.
the Senate
againstCicero.
meeting,
fearing, not
from
absent.
again
was
the
to
the
armed
accustomed
but
his
without
ants
attendto
bring
senate-house.
attack
was
answered
in
the
famous
286
LIFE
ROMAN
If I could
other
besides
give us
Life."
and
I shall
give
CICERO.
Philippic.1
second
length,I
incredible
do)
cannot
that
vile should
in
have
"
Roman
man
so
been
the
state
from
extract
one
OF
strange pictureof
so
greatest power
YS
the
its
It is almost
shameless
DA
this
transcribe
reasons
it would
THE
is called
which
oration
IN
it.
Cicero
has
"
belief,it is
this
I say ?
"
no,
absolute
an
vast
property
in
cellar of wine,
a
a
few
very
he squandered
miracle, how
in
"
few
There
days.
months
was
splendidfurniture,justas
who
man
And
1
was
affluent
might
one
without
expect in
being
few
even
rious.
luxu-
days there
of
there are fourteen
against Antony
transferred
called "Philippics,"
them
to them
are
a name
Demosthenes
attacked
from
the great speeches in which
The
been
iu
to have
name
seems
Philip of Macedon.
in Juvenal's time (circano
A.D.)
use
common
The
"
orations
great
plate,costlystuffs,plentyof elegantand
a
do
"
AND
ANTONY
was
so
AUGUSTUS.
287
left
there
animal.
such
Good
could
ocean
have
locked
was
Whole
to
of
actresses
if
"
so
up
tered,
scat-
distant.
Nothing
logued.
nothing sealed, nothing cata-
up,
present of
no
swallowed
numerous,
lyingat places so
and
say?
quickly possessions so
so
was
ever
Charybdis
store-rooms
the vilest
creatures.
burlesque
made
were
were
busy
The
mansion
drunkards.
Actors
and
each
with
was
There
full
was
he
In
is
not
of slaves
the chambers
beds
to
the
the
wealth
purple coverlets
Pompey.
great
was
you
spent
so
No
might
which
see
had
Reckless
on
the
belonged
that
wonder
quickly.
up.
in
all this
men
so
"
"
The
speech
was
never
delivered
but
cir
288
ROMAN
culated
LIFE
in
found
into northern
not
was
fourth
during the
been
the
honors
The
received
joy
had
was
been
who
but
in the
loyalto
opportunity for
of
betraying it.
The
bidding,and
he
leading
third
44, and
the
A
; and
he
Antony
Cicero
troops,
tidingshad
Of
had
resolved
been
were
to
three
the
two
dead
republicwere
had
been
the
of thanks
soldiers
posed
pro-
fallen.
brief.
the
in the
great battle
and
had
vote
the
republic
falling
in which
Octavius,
which
on
in Mu-
up
spoken
was
these
very
his
venture
the
commanders
which
with
Brutus.
of the following
revived.
those
to
hastened
deliveringthe
fortunes
the
to
generalsnamed
who
to
take
fought at Mutina,
completely defeated
thanks
and
and
five months
have
to
seem
had
for
Decimus
to
fourteenth
The
Senate, when
been
desertinghim
himself
shut
Rome,
at
end
in December,
Philippics
year.
had
44,
enough
continued
CICERO.
of
attack
strong
Cicero
others
ten
the
the army
him, and
part in affairs
and
OF
YS
Toward
Italy,to
battle with
tina.
DA
the young
THE
writing.
Antony, who
Brutus
IN
the
found
waiting of
ready
seize
by
to
do
their
OCTAVIUS
CAESAR
AUGUSTUS.
LIFE
290
ROMAN
was
drawn
in Tusculum
he would, for
fetch
ill
but
some
to
came
the
had
experience of
it when
for the
Csesar
always
landed, and
Some
cherished
; others
his
way
himself
into
on
that
the
it
greatest
odious
an
struggling
was
would
sooner
trial of it again. He
twelve
miles
said
that
towards
still
he
being protected by
was
house
it
resolution
felt the
He
afterwards
of
alone.
When
had had
mastery.
traveled
hopes
himself
was
journey
Pompey
or
home
go
he embarked.
Rome.
his
two
little
had
obligedto
was
life. He
for camp
reach
powerfularmy,
Cicero, who
had
He
to
was
could
he
Quintus
and
coast,
teen
seven-
impulse
point of leavingItalyhis
the
aversion
these
at
money.
failed him.
with
first
provided, pursued
Reaching
singled out
among
If
But
started.
CICERO.
Brutus
time
OF
were
sea-coast.
where
Macedonia,
YS
was
His
him.
for the
brothers
He
with his
reached
make
DA
execution, and
Cicero.
was
THE
Seventeen
up.
for instant
news
IN
his purpose
of
Octavius
to
and
tony
An-
make
kill
AND
ANTONY
USTUS.
tortured.
allowed
his
291
the fear of
by
he turned
Any how,
slaves
him
take
to
to
Capua.
was
who
of their
own
flock of
Plutarch
ship while
windows
of
One
night.
and
the
pecked
himself.
was
slaves
the
he
in which
soldiers
him
reached
now
the
the
wrapped
animals
the very
toward
the
themselves
the
on
his couch
he had
reproached
story
passed
thus
litter and
and
yardarms
board, and
on
whom
master,
only chance
strange
on
villa in which
the cloak
His
allowinga
he
bird, he
at
tells
that settled
ravens
of his
the
he embarked,
Again
escape.
landed.
again he
of
UG
deterred
was
and
being seized
back, and
at
were
their eyes.
into
coast.
his
tony's
An-
villa,the officer
in command
had
them
of
Cicero
being an old client whom
defended
a charge of muron
der.
successfully
They found the doors shut and burst
open.
their
Greek,
one
The
inmates
master's
of his
denied
movements,
brother's
all knowledge
till
freedmen,
young
whom
LIFE
ROMAN
292
had
Cicero
the
through
hand,
with
of
the
head
sword,
hands
and
nailed
been
one
of the
words
a
good
off
cut
were
in the
up
of this
of his
one
in his robe
reading.
with
was
hide
deed
He
which
man
THE
He
with
his
him
and
the neck
on
rough
soldiers
done.
was
by
order
The
of
tony,
An-
Emperor Augustus
grandsons, saw
a
left
worn
chapter),coming
volume
it,and
I would
a
ground.
pale
of Cicero.
and
bade
Forum.
the
took
treatises
hastened
steadfastly at
was
afterwards
years
upon
to
the
sea.
steps,
chin
of the
some
while
away
(the Octavius
seek
face
carried
the
to
he
the
on
officer struck
and
Many
villa
looked
was,
His
The
his
litter
habit
his
as
CICERO.
being
men,
stroking his
out, and
turning
of his
some
the
set
care.
with
OF
pleasurein teaching,showed
was
murderers.
the
YS
bearers
looked
DA
litter which
him
follow.
the
THE
shrubbery
with
Taking
to
taken
officer the
the
IN
END.
found
He
here
lover
which
the lad
he had
it
to
be
returned
repeat
of his
pectedly
unex-
"
it
He
country."