PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN DAN KELAUTAN

MARINE FLUID POWER LABORATORY

(MMT3102)

Module

:2

Title

: Introduction to Hydraulic Components

Group

:H

Date of Experiment

: 28th Sept 2015

Lecturer

: Prof. Dr. Wan Mohd Norsani bin Wan Nik

Group member:
Name

IC Number

Matric No.

ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MELLIANI

950413-01-5091

UK33328

KHIU WEI CHING

MOHAMAD SHAHRUL ANUAR BIN
MOHAMAD NORDIN
NURUL IZZATI BINTI ABDUL SAMAT

940418-13-5157

UK33937

920917-08-6101

UK34156

950330-14-5974

UK35440

NURUL NASUHA MOHD NOR

951101-05-5224

UK35470

Date of Submission: 5th OCT 2015

PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN KELAUTAN

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
MARIN FLUID POWER (MMT 3102)
MODULE 2
Title: Introduction to Hydraulic components.
Objectives:
1) To know valves and devices of hydraulic components.
2) To understand function and application of various valves and devices of
hydraulic components.
3) To understand of hydraulic symbols.
Equipments:
Hydraulic components.
Theory:
Hydraulic system is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and
transmission of power using pressurized fluid. It can be said that fluid power is the
muscle that moves industry. This is because fluid power is used to push, pull, regulate
or drive virtually all the machine of modern industry.
There are six basic component required in a hydraulic system which is; tank to
hold the hydraulic oil, pump to force the oil through the system, an electric motor or
other power source to drive the pump, valve to control oil direction, pressure, and
flow rate, actuator and piping. For this equipment, there are specific symbol. Refer
books to understand the symbols.
Work Instruction:
1)

All the components mounted on the front panel for basic and advanced
hydraulic were observed.

2)

List of components were justified as the table shown

Observation:
Components

Symbol

Serial no.

Function

Note/label/
picture/etc

Hydraulic

0021949

Generates energy to the

power pack

system.

Hydraulic hose

Channel hydraulic oil

flow in the hydraulic
system.

4/2 Directional

DMG-02-

Control the direction of

control valve

3C2

the oil flow in the

with lever

hydraulic system
manually with 2 holes
and 4 directions.

4/3 Directional
control valve
with lever

DMG-023C6

Control the direction of

the oil flow in the
hydraulic system
manually with 3 ports
and 4 directions.

4/2 Directional

Control the direction of

control valve

the oil flow in the

with solenoid

hydraulic system
electronically with 2
holes and 4 directions.

4/3 Directional

SHD-

Control the direction of

control valve

02G-2B2-

oil tint hydraulic

with solenoid

A24D

electronic system
which contains 3 ports
and 4 directions.

Manual shut-off

Allow or prevent the

valve

flow of fluid in the

hydraulic system.

Double acting

Hydraulically powered

cylinder

in both directions by
applying fluid pressure
to a specific part

Flow control

To control the flow of

valve

fluid to the actuators.

Pressure
reducing valve

RCD-03-3

To limit the pressure in

a circuit to a lower
value than that required
in the rest of the circuit.

Pressure control

HCG-03-

To limit the maximum

valve

1-3

pressure (pressure
relief valve), to set
pressure support
(counterbalance valve),
or to alert when a
certain pressure is
achieved (valve

Pressure gauge

EN837-1

sequence).
Measure the pressure
of fluid and consists of
a closed coiled tube
connected to the
chamber or pipe in
which pressure is
sensed.

Check valve

Normally allows fluid

to flow through it in
only one direction.

Pressure relief

DG-02-1

valve

To limit the maximum

pressure in the
hydraulic system.

Pilot check
valve

CPDG-03

Allow oil flow in only

one direction but
allows flow in the
opposite direction
when the pilot pressure
applied.

Flow meter

Reading the hydraulic

oil flow rate in the
system.

Payload

Spring inside the

(spring)

cylinder restores the

cylinder

bore back to original

position when the
pressure decreases.

Hydraulic

To obtain energy from

motor

the fluid and change

into mechanical energy
to enable the work is
done.

Discussion:
1) Write the report for this justification; which summary of basic working
principle, function, application and etc for each component.
Hydraulic science can be categorized into two types, which is hydrodynamic
and

hydrostatic.

Hydraulic

system

is

transmission

system

that

uses

pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive the hydraulic machinery. The term hydrostatic
refers to the transfer of energy from flow and pressure. Hydraulic system are widely
use in the field of industrial technical and vehicles brake system.
Hydraulic system is divided into two parts. The pump that move the fluid
while second is that the cylinders which are used for flows of fluid. Other than that,
there are some basic components in hydraulic system such as tank, hydraulic pump,
hydraulic motor, hydraulic valve, and pipe. The function of the tank is to fill the
hydraulic fluid. The function of the pump is to create the flow of the fluid to the
whole system. Hydraulic power packs are stand-alone devices that act as a pump. The
power pack supplies hydraulic power through a control valve to run another machine.
However, The hydraulic power packs need regular maintenance to prevent leakage.
Next, there are also hydraulic hose which function to transfer energygenerating liquid between different components to form a complete hydraulic circuit.
The basic hydraulic hose construction involves three layers. These layers help
maintain a consistent and reliable flow of liquid while protecting the overall assembly
from breaking down as a result of wear or abrasion. The three layers are inner tube,
reinforcement layer and outer layer. For the application of hydraulic hose are for
operating a digging tool, hydraulic pipes, tubes and hoses. Large vehicles like
airplanes require hydraulics hose. Pilot valves provide the user with a reliable method
to check flow in one direction, with the ability to remotely signal a free flow through
the valve. Hydraulic hose is also used to combine all components in the hydraulic
system.

The most common pump used in hydraulic system is the gear pump. Gear
pump cannot create displacement that can be adjusted but can create the volume that
is needed by using constant displacement. While piston pump is to create the reaction
of pumping with moving the piston. Moreover, hydraulic motor is working opposing
with pump that is the fluid has to force in and let it out, changes the fluid force to
mechanical force. There are also pressure gauges which are crucial components of
most processing systems. In these environments, a pressure gauge needs to be
reliable, accurate and easy to read to help prevent failure in any operations.
There are three classifications of hydraulic valves namely directional control
valve, volume control valve, and pressure control valve. The function of directional
control valve is to start, stop, and changes the cylinder and motor. As for volume
control valve, It is to adjust the flow rate of fluid or the acceleration of propellant.
Lastly, The function of pressure control valve is to adjust and limit the force.
Directional control valves are one of the most fundamental parts in hydraulic machine
as well and pneumatic machinery. They allow fluid flow into different paths from one
or more sources. They usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder that is mechanically
or electrically controlled. The movement of the spool restricts or permits the flow,
thus it controls the fluid flow. Pressure-control valves are found in virtually every
hydraulic system, and they assist in a variety of functions, from keeping system
pressures safely below a desired upper limit to maintaining a set pressure in part of a
circuit. Types include relief, reducing, sequence, counterbalance, and unloading. All
of these are normally closed valves, except for reducing valves, which are normally
open. For most of these valves, a restriction is necessary to produce the required
pressure control. One exception is the externally piloted unloading valve, which
depends on an external signal for its actuation.

Question:
1. Draw the basic hydraulic circuit, which is requiring following component;
Tank, pump, pressure relief valve, pipe, 4/3 Directional control valve with
lever, and double acting cylinder.

2. Define the term of fluid power

Fluid power can be defined as the use of fluids under pressure to generate,
control, transmit power and subdivided into hydraulics system using liquid
such as oil or water whereas pneumatics system uses gas such as air or other
gases to run the system.

3. List down, different between hydraulic and pneumatic?

Hydraulic
Use pressurized liquid as a fluid
Hydraulic system can operates at higher
pressures up to 700 bar
Usually designed as closed system
Valve operations are difficult
Heavier in weight
Pumps are used to provide pressurized
liquids
Automatic lubrication is provided

Pneumatic
Use compressed gas, usually air, as a
fluid
Pneumatic system usually operates at
lower pressure around 510 bar
Generally designed as open system
Valve operations are easy
Lighter in weight
Compressors are used to provide
compressed gases
Special arrangements for lubrication are
needed

4. Draw the symbols for the hydraulic components listed below?

a) Hydraulic Pump single variable displacement.

b) Hydraulic tank

c) Reservoir

d) Cooler

5. Why is hydraulic power especially useful when performing heavy work?

Pascal Principle is applied in hydraulics system where fluids can exert
pressure anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid, which transmitted
energy equally in all direction. This enable the operator to accomplish
significant work such as lifting heavy loads, turning a shaft, drilling precision
and holes with applying force at one point to transmit energy to another point
using incompressible fluid such as oil.
6. Name the six basic component of hydraulic circuit?

Hydraulic Actuator

Hydraulic Pump

Valves

External Power Supply (motor)

Reservoir

Piping

Conclusion
To sum it all, in a hydraulic system there are valves and hydraulic components such
as pump, tank, and cylinder. Through this experiment we can have better
understanding of the function and application of various valves and devices of the
hydraulic components. From this experiment we get know most of the hydraulic
symbols.

Reference:
1.

Brater E.F and King, H.W. (1996). Handbook of Hydraulic. WIT Press.
New York. USA

2.

Joy, C. M. (1989). Hydraulic Power Transmission In Marine Machinery.

Cornell Maritime Press, USA.

3.

Mobley, K. K. (2000). Fluid Power Dynamic, Esevier Science &

Technology Book, USA

4.

Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik. (1995). Hidraulik kuasa. Penerbit UTM.
Skudai. Johor.

5.

Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik. ( 1999). Kuasa Bendalir. Rekabentuk sistem,
Penyelenggaraan dan Penyelesaian Masalah. Penerbit UTM. Skudai. Johor.