Repair welding Cr-Mo steels without PWHT

Welding research Council Bulletin (WRC) 412

Challenges and Solutions in Repair Welding for Power and Process Plants by W.D Doty
Publication Date: June 1996
Abstract:
Over the last 10 years oil, gas, petrochemical and power generation companies have placed increasing emphasis on developing cost
effective, practical and reliable repair and maintenance strategies to prolong plant life. Those efforts have led to the development of
comprehensive guidelines for repair welding pressure vessel and piping systems and associated equipment. Procedures selected
incorporate the results of major research programs conducted by the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC), Edison Welding
Institute (EWI) and others to develop and evaluate repair techniques, suitable with or without PWHT. Optimized methods for pressure
vessels and piping systems have now been used in petrochemical and power generation service. This publication focuses on the repair
of creep resistant steels e.g., Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V steels and reports practical experiences. The information reported from these projects
has resulted in the development and validation of repair techniques for specific applications and changes in National Codes, Standards
and Recommended Practices. The following Papers were presented at a Workshop co-sponsored by PVRC and EWI on January 31February 1, 1996 in San Diego, CA.

Get
WRC Bulletin No. 506
Half-Bead Temper-Bead
Half-Bead Temper-Bead Controlled Deposition Techniques for Improvement of Fabrication and Service Performance of Cr-Mo Steels Y.
Wang, Carl D. Lundin,C.Y.P. Qiao, K. K. Khan, K. Al-Ejel, G. W. Batten WRC Bulletin 506

November2005
The half-bead/temper-bead/controlled deposition repair welding techniques, which utilizethe thermal cycles of the second and
later weld layers to temper and refine the HAZ of the first layer, have been applied in accordance with ASME Boiler and
Pressure VesselNuclear Code Section III for new construction since the late 1960s and Section XI for in
-service repair welding of nuclear power plant components. Thus Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) may be omitted without
causing degraded properties of thecomponent; especially the base metal HAZ. The extensive ASME Nuclear Code studies of
SA533 and SA508 materials clearly show the efficacy of non-PWHT technique on the C-Mn and C-Mo steels. The University of
Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) joined hands with theOntario Hydro Company to conduct research on the Temper-Bead welding
techniquesemployed primarily in Cr-Mo and also a low alloy steel with the Shielded Metal ArcWelding (SMAW) process. Two
layer temper-bead refining techniques were applied inthis study. Different temper-bead welding parameters were utilized for
obtainingcomplete CGHAZ refinement, in terms of the energy input of first buttering layers and filllayers. The energy ratio
between the second butter layer to the first layer is thecontrolling entity. Conventional stringer bead welds with and without
PWHT were madefor the purpose of comparison. This program was sponsored by the Pressure VesselResearch Council (PVRC)
and spanned for a total of 4 years. The materials used in studywere SA387-11 (1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo), SA387-22 (2 1/4Cr-1Mo) and
A516-70. Ontario Hydrosupplied the weld coupons and the examination and testing were conducted at TheUniversity of
Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK). The goals of the program lay in the evaluationof the temper-bead welding techniques and thus the
determination of the weldingprocedures pertinent to the refinement of the base metal HAZ. To evaluate theweldments, a
series of tests were conducted. Hardness traverses across the weld metalthrough HAZ to base metal were taken, and
macrostructural and microstructuralexamination was conducted using optical light microscopy. The reheat crackingtendency of
the weld HAZ for each of the three heats of material was evaluated usingspiral notched transverse weld specimens with both
small (0.125" dia.) and large (0.350"dia.) diameter samples. Gleeble thermal simulation was applied for evaluation of theHAZ
refining procedures. HAZ Charpy V-notched impact tests were conducted for thetemper-bead, conventional with/without
PWHT welds, as well as for Gleeble simulatedand UTK fabricated welds. Creep rupture testing of cross weld HAZ specimens
was alsocarried out for the different procedure conditions, in which both small and large diametersamples were utilized for

testing. Ontario Hydro temper-bead and conventional, UTK weave bead and conventional welds in the as-welded and PWHT
conditions were testedfor sensitivity to hydrogen cracking by a hydrogen charging-bend test method. Stressrupture testing of
longitudinal smooth bar specimens, a new test method for theevaluation of the creep ductility in different weld regions, was
developed during thisinvestigation. A singular and straight CGHAZ produced by a weave bead weldingtechnique and the
overlapped CGHAZ induced by conventional deposition sequencesmade at UTK were also evaluated and compared to the Ontario
Hydro weld coupons interms of Charpy V-notched impact, large diameter creep rupture, spiral notched stressrupture and
hydrogen sensitivity tests. The results showed a general superiority for thetemper-bead welds over the conventional and weave
bead welds, as regard to the tests
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