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Nuclear Energy Introduction:

Nuclear energy in scientific terms defined as the exhaustible energy derived from the nucleus of
the atom by the process of nucleus break up through nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion. Nuclear fission is the process where the nucleus of an atom splits and releases
radioactive materials such as Uranium which are used in many ways. Nuclear fission is
the process when the two atoms of an e l e m e n t g e t t o g e t h e r a n d l a r g e a m o u n t o f
h e a t i s g e n e r a t e d . I n t h i s w a y t h e n u c l e u s r e l e a s e d tremendous energy that is
utilized for many purposes both constructive and destructive.

Nuclear Energy - a Boon:


The energy released by the nucleus is used in the production of nuclear
r e a c t o r s w h i c h perform variety of functions. The nuclear reactors are used to boil water at a
very high temperature to produce steam to activate the turbine that is present in the shaft of a
generator to produce power. T h e n u c l e a r e n e r g y i s p o w e r f u l b e c a u s e h e l p s
i n p r o d u c t i o n o f h e a t a n d e l e c t r i c i t y i s l a r g e r quantities. It is a form of energy that
does not directly create air pollution like combustion of coal or release of petroleum products.
Nuclear energy is a source of power and may be used in future as a m e a n s o f s u b s t i t u t e
because it is free from pollution. There are many advantageous of
n u c l e a r energies which the other form of energies cannot provide. Although it
releases energy it does not inject any harmful gases like carbon dioxide, Sulphur dioxide,
carbon monoxide etc. that is hazardous t o e n v i r o n m e n t . I t d o e s n o t c o n s t i t u t e i n
t h e r i s e o f g l o b a l w a r m i n g w h i c h t h e o t h e r f o r m o f energies does. When
nuclear energy is being produced many area of the land is not occupied. Many
natural resources are not exploited while producing the power. The energy is
released by radiation does not specifically cause any harm to the environment and living
creatures on earth. Hence nuclear energy is used to preserve the aquatic life and to make
environment more favorable to the wild life. We heavily depend upon
petroleum products and fossil fuels for production and commutation. But these
products are unfortunately exhaustible and hence nuclear energy is a reliable source because itis
inexhaustible. Renewable sources of energy such as Solar, Wind & Tidal energy are
not viable because of cost, non-availability, not being steady or not being sufficient. Since the
nuclear fission is the most energy for the lease fuel, this will make power very cheap, reduce the
expenditure and will eliminate the shortage of mineral resources.
Energy is needed in non-electricity form also, especially for
T r a n s p o r t , M e d i c a l , Agricultural, Steel and other such industries. As our fluid fuels
(natural gas & oil) deplete and their import becomes unaffordable, we will need to convert our
low grade coal reserves to fluid fuels and extract low quality petroleum. These process
require generation of steam at high temperature for which nuclear energy appears to be
only viable means. Nuclear energy has proved a great boon in the field of Medical
sciences. Many diseases which were thought to be fatal, are being treated quite
successfully. Radio isotopes are used for v a r i o u s m e d i c a l o p e r a t i o n s .
R a d i o a c t i v e C o b a l t i s b e i n g e m p l o y e d t o c u r e c a n c e r. T h e
recentmedical technology that has spurred in the market sterile insect tech
n i q u e c o n s i s t s o f n u c l e a r technology. The nuclear energy is used for clinical purposed to
diagnose severe illness in a person.
The contribution of nuclear energy in the food production and irri

g a t i o n p u r p o s e i s tremendous. It is used in the production of insecticides


a n d p e s t i c i d e s t o c o n t r o l t h e h a r m f u l organisms from invading the production.
Radiation, when directed on seeds and plants increases the crop output. Radiation also used to
kill harmful bacteria so that foods, onions etc. may be kept fit for human use for a longer
duration of time. Gamma rays provided a valuable means to control pests.

The nuclear energy has proved very helpful in space-flights and


s u b m a r i n e s . Wi t h t h i s marvelous energy at his disposal man will be able to explore hitherto
unknown worlds and regions. Thus nuclear energy is needed not only for electricity but also
indirectly for non-electricity needs.

Nuclear Energy _a Bane:


Nuclear energies can lead to many harmful effects to the human beings and society. The best
example for anti-nuclear is Chernobyl and Fuchsia- Japan disasters. The melt down of reactor
core gets triggered due to natural disaster or a terror threat or some other way, thousands of
people will be affected for hundreds of years. Nuclear energy has caused massacre to millions of
people over the world. Most of the terror filled events caused in the world today constitutes the
use of nuclear energy. When the World Trade Centre, Network was attacked by terror group, the
explosions were related to utilization of
nuclear p o w e r . D u r i n g t h e w o r l d w a r I I m a n y c o u n t r i e s m a d e u s e o f n
u c l e a r p o w e r s u c h a s f o r t h e Manhattan projects, Nazi parties etc. The
n u c l e a r w e a p o n s a r e t h e d e a d l i e s t w e a p o n s s o f a r invented by science. The
nuclear weapons involve serious dangers. Any atomic conflict on a large scale would
result in the complete extinction of human race. The nuclear tests are causing a serious damage
to mankind. There is great tension prevailing all over the world. The common peace-loving
citizen sincerely desires the imposition of complete ban on these weapons. When most of the
nuclear reactor plants produce energy, radiated energy is wasted this can lead to many
harmful effects. Although nucleus energy does not create any pollution, the waste that is
released in the air can harm the environment. Being exposed to these radiations can
lead to many harmful effects especially for the pregnant woman. Their children may be born
with genital defects. The radioactive waste has caused harmful effects to many water bodies and
aquatic life. An o t h e r p r o b l e m w i t h n u c l e a r p o w e r i s t h e d i s p o s a l
o f r a d i o a c t i v e w a s t e . D u e t o t h e extremely long half-life of uranium, spent fuel
rods stay contaminated for millions of years and no worldwide public accepted plans for
storage and disposal for them is available. Waste generated from uranium mining
operations and rain water run off can contaminate ground and surface water resources
with heavy metals and traces of radioactive uranium. The large initial investment for long term
pay back, high cost to build and license are major draw backs of nuclear reactors.

Nuclear Energy Boon or Bane?


Nuclear energy that mankind boasts so much about is in reality a boon as well as a curse. The
good side of it is that it provides us nuclear energy which is said to be one of the alternative

sources o f p o w e r i n t h e f u t u r e d u e t o r a p i d d e c l i n i n g s t o c k o f c o a l n a t u r a l
g a s a n d o i l . B u t i m p r o p e r handling of nuclear wastes results in major accidents that may
capable of dismantling an entire city or region itself. But at the same time, we cannot simply say
that we should not go for it because of i t s i n h e r e n t d a m a g e b e c a u s e o f t h e h u g e
d e m a n d s u p p l y m i s m a t c h t h a t g l a r e s a t u s . I m p r o p e r handling of these
nuclear wastes makes it a curse but there is nothing in the world which just
has p o s i t i v e a s p e c t s , s o i f t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e
n u c l e a r r e a c t o r s h o u l d b e c h o s e n w i s e l y a l o n g w i t h enormous safety
precautions and if the people are little cautious about the disposal of the
waste products it turns out to be a boon!

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