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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

HOMEWORKWEEK5

Precalculus(1003)
SamerSeraj
Tuesday
Apr14,2015Sep8,2015
7:309:00PMET,4:306:00PMPT
Overview

Week: 1

Homework

MessageBoard

Report

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Homework:Week5
Youhavecompleted8of8challengeproblems.
Your2writingproblemresponseshavebeengraded.
PastDueMay20.

Readings
Lesson5:Sections4.2,4.3
Lesson6:Sections4.1,4.4
Lesson5Transcript:pTue,May12

ChallengeProblems 3
Problem1Correct!Score:7/7(4529)
Problem:
Points ,
circle.

,and

areonacirclesuchthat

,and

ReportanError
.Findtheareaofthe

Solution:
Let betheradiusofthecircle.FromtheLawofSines,wehave

Therefore,wehave

,sotheareaofthecircleis

YourResponse(s):
$ 32\pi

Problem2Correct!Score:7/7(4546)
Problem:
Tworayswithcommonendpoint forma
angle.Point liesononeray,point ontheotherray,and
.Whatisthemaximumpossiblelengthof
?

ReportanError

Solution:
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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

Webeginwiththediagrambelow.

BytheLawofSines,wehave

so
,withequalityifandonly
if

.Therefore,themaximumpossiblelengthof

Incidentally,wenoticethat

is

isa306090righttriangle.Thediagrambelowismoreaccurate:

YourResponse(s):
$ 2

Problem3Correct!Score:5/7(4522)
Problem:
Intriangle

ReportanError
,wehave

,and

.Calculate

Solution:
FromtheLawofCosines,wehave

,or

Pluggingintheknownvaluesfor , ,and yields

YourResponse(s):
% \frac{157}{168}
$ 59/84
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Problem4Correct!Score:7/7(4521)
Problem:

ReportanError

IfJanewalksNorthfor3miles,turns
totheright,andthenwalksanother4miles,howmanymileswillJanebe
fromherstartingpoint?Giveyouranswerasadecimalroundedtothenearesthundredth.(Youmayuseacalculator
tocomputetheapproximation.)
Solution:
We'llstartwithadiagram.Janestartsat ,walksto

Since

,turns

totheright,andthenwalkstopoint

,applyingtheLawofCosinestotriangle

Therefore,wehave

gives

YourResponse(s):
$ 6.48

Problem5Correct!Score:7/7(4547)
Problem:
In

ReportanError
,wehave

medianfrom

to

and

.Side

havethesamelength.Whatis

andthe
?

Solution:
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Let

1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

bethemidpointof

,let

,andlet

and

.Then

ApplyingtheLawofCosinesto

to

and

yields,respectively,

and

Adding,weobtain

,so

and

Alternateanswer:ApplyingtheLawofCosinesto

and

.
yields,respectively,

and

Fromthefirstequation,

Substitutingthisintothesecondequationgives

Theremainderofthesolutioncontinuesasabove.
YourResponse(s):
$ sqrt(10)

Problem6Correct!Score:5/7(4262)
Problem:
isanequilateraltrianglewithsidelength4.
isthemidpointof
.Findtheareaoftheregioncommontoboth
and

ReportanError
,and
.

isadiagonalofsquare

Solution:
Solution1:Westartwithadiagram:
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Let

1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

betheintersectionof

and
.Since

From306090triangle

Next,since

,wehave

and

,andlet betheintersectionof
isasquare,wehave

and

.Thedesiredareais
,so

,sowehave

,triangle
givesus
.ApplyingtheLawofSinesto

,wehave

so

Wehave

so

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Finally,wehave

Solution2:WeusethesamenotationasinSolution1.Let

Triangle

is

,so

.Hence,
AsinSolution1,

betheprojectionof

onto

.Triangle

,andlet

is

,so

.
,so

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Thentheareaoftriangle

is

sotheareaofquadrilateral

is

YourResponse(s):
% 6+6sqrt(6)
$ 6+6sqrt(3)

Problem7Part(a)Correct!Score:7/7(4541)
Problem:
In

ReportanError
,wehave

,and

.Findthesumofallpossiblevaluesof

Solution:
ApplyingtheLawofCosinesto

soletting

gives

gives

so

.Factoringgives

solutions,sothesumofallpossiblevaluesof

,so
is

or

.Botharevalid

YourResponse(s):
$ 16

Problem7Part(b)Correct!Score:7/7(4542)
Problem:
In

ReportanError
,wehave

,and

.Findthesumofallpossiblevaluesof

Readcloselythisisnotthesameasthepreviouspart!
Solution:
Onceagain,applyingtheLawofCosinesto

soletting

gives

gives

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so

.Applyingthequadraticformulagives

negative,and

.However,

cannotbenegative.Therefore,theonlypossiblevalueof

is

is
.

YourResponse(s):
$ 7+sqrt(109)

Problem8GradedTechnical:5/7Style:0.8/1(8823)
Problem:
ReportanError
Inmostgeometrycourses,welearnthatthere'snosuchthingas"SSACongruence".Thatis,ifwehavetriangles
and
and

suchthat
arecongruent.

,and

,thenwecannotdeducethat

However,thereareafewspecialcasesinwhichSSA"works".Thatis,suppose
,and

isatriangle.Let

.Forsomevaluesof , ,and ,wecanuniquelydeterminethethirdside,

(a)UsetheLawofCosinestoderiveaquadraticequationin

(b)Usethequadraticpolynomialyoufoundinpart(a)inordertofindconditionson
theside
isuniquelydetermined.

and whichguaranteethat

Solution:
(a)ApplyingtheLawofCosinesgives
quadraticin

.Wewriteourequationasa

(b)Thereisauniquevalueof
oneroot,sinceweassumed

ifandonlythequadraticderivedin(a)hasonedistinctpositiveroot.(Ithasatleast
wasatriangle.)Next,weapplythequadraticformulatoget:

Now,weconsidertwocases:
Case1:Onedistinctroot:Thisoccursifandonlyif

Case2:Tworoots,onenonpositive:Thisoccursifandonlyif
http://artofproblemsolving.com/class/1003precalc/homework/5

,whichgives

,so
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.Rightaway,wenotethatthisholdswhenever
inthiscase.(Notethat

implies

.)Next,weconsider

,since

,inwhichcasewehave

.Rearrangingthisinequalitygives
and arepositive,

givesus

Weconcludethatwehavetworoots,onenonpositive,whenever
Combiningourtwocases,SSA"works"if

.Since

orif

and

.Otherwise,eithernotriangleis

possible,ortherearetwononcongruentpossibilities.
YourResponse:
a)Forthispart,wehavetousetheLawofCosinestoderiveaquadraticequationinAC.
First,let'swritetheLawofCosinesforthisspecifictriangle:

Thesidelengthsarealreadydefinedforusintheproblem,solet'ssubstitutexforAB,yforBC,andthetaforangle
BAC:

Let'srewriteit:

b)Tofindspecificconditionsinwhich

and guaranteethattheside

isuniquelydetermined,weshould

haveanequationthatequals
.
Onewaytodothisistocompletethesquare.Anotherwayistousethequadraticformula.
Now,wearegoingtoattempttocompletethesquare,sothatwecangetanequationthatisequaltoAC.
First,movethevalueof

totheothersideoftheequalsign.

Now,wemustcompletethesquarebyaddingtobothsides,halfthevalueof

http://artofproblemsolving.com/class/1003precalc/homework/5

,squared.

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Simplify:

Now,wehaveourvalueofACintheformof

and .

ButwhatrestrictionscanwemakesothatthevalueofACisonlyonevalue?
Firstofall,ACisameasurementofdistance,soitcannotbenegative.Itmustbepositive.
WhatrestrictionscanwemakesothatACisonlyonepositivevalue?
Theirare5possiblesituations:
BothvaluesofACarenegative,
onevalueisnegative,theotherispositive,
onevalueisnegative,theotheris0
onevalueispositive,theotheris0,and
bothvaluesofACarepositive.
Wearelookingforeitherthesecondorthefourthpossibilities.
Inorderforthistobepossible,wemusthavethevalueofthesecondtermbelargerthanorequaltothevalueofthe
firstterm.Ifthisisso,onevaluewillbepositive,andtheotherwillbenegativeor0.
Sothefollowingrestrictionmustbemade:

Ifwesimplify:

Therestrictionis:

or
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TechnicalScore:5/7
StyleScore:0.8/1
Comments:
Goodwork!Youdidagoodjobfullyexplainingyourstepsand(almost)reachingthecorrectconclusion.Youare
correctthatthereisauniquesolutionwhen
,butthereisonemorecasethatyoumissed:exactlyonepositive
solutionfor
.Thisisthecasewherethediscriminantisequalto .Onthatnote,ifyouaresolvingaquadratic
equationanditlookscomplicated,itisfinetojustusethequadraticformulainsteadofcompletingthesquare.
Youshouldbecarefulwhensquaringbothsidesofaninequality(oranequality!),asitisentirelypossiblethatyouare
introducingextraneoussolutionswhendoingso.Forexample,
incorrectresult.Wecantakecaseofthisinthisinstancebynotingthat
impliesdirectlythat
thisinyoursolution.

,butsquaringbothsidesgivesusan
isnegativewhen

,which

,soit'snotacaseweneedtoworrytoomuchabout,butyoushouldstillexplicitlyhandle

Regardingstyle,eachsentenceshouldendwithaperiod,evenifthesentenceendswithanequation.Inoticedthat
youdidnotputaperiodattheendofcertainequationseventhoughtheystartedoffassentences.
Youhavethankedthegrader!

Problem9GradedTechnical:7/7Style:0.9/1(4548)
Problem:
Showthatinanytriangle,wehave

where

ReportanError

isthecircumradiusofthetriangle.

Solution:
FromtheLawofSines,
lefthandsidebecomes

,and

.Substitutingthesevalues,the

andtherighthandsidebecomes

Thus,thegivenequationbecomes

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Thenumeratorsinbothfractionsareequalto

,sothisequationisequivalentto

Weoffertwosolutionsfromhere,followedbyathirdsolutionthatdoesnotusethissetup.
Solution1:Grindthroughtrigidentities.
Wewillprovethisequationbymanipulatingthelefthandside.Bythedoubleangleidentity,

so

Bythesumtoproductidentity,

Since

.Therefore,

Againbythesumtoproductidentity,

But

so

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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

and

so

Therefore,

asdesired.
Solution2:Whizzycoolgeometry.
Weusedoubleangleidentitiestowrite

Now,considerthecaseinwhich

Since

isacute,andlet

isinscribedinminorarc
and

http://artofproblemsolving.com/class/1003precalc/homework/5

beitscircumcenter:

,wehave

.Similarly,wehave
.Next,wenotethat
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However,wealsocanusetheLawofSinesonceagaintonote

Combiningourtwoexpressionsfor

givesthedesired

Therighttrianglecaseisstraightforward:if
,and

(so

and

),then

asdesired.
Finally,ifangle

isobtuse,thenwecanuseessentiallythesameareaargumentasabove,butwiththewrinkle
togetherwiththefactthat
,so
.Therestofthedetailsarethesame.

Solution3:Moregeometry,lesstrig.
Weusethesamesetupasin"whizzycoolgeometry,"butwecalculatetheareasslightlydifferently,andwedon'tuse
thetrigonometryfromthebeginning.Supposethat
isacute.Wenotethat
isanisosceles
trianglewithabaseoflength ,apexangle
tothemidpoint ofside
.

,andlegsoflength

Since

and

hasthesamemeasureas

http://artofproblemsolving.com/class/1003precalc/homework/5

.Wefinditsareabydroppinganaltitudefrom

,wecanuserighttriangle

toconcludethat

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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

.Therefore

Similarly,wehave

and

.Thisallowsustoconcludethat

Therefore

Wecanderivethesameresultinthecasewhen

isnotacute,asinwhizzycoolgeometry.

Ontheotherhand,fromthelawofsines,wehave

Puttingthistogetherwiththeresultfromthepreviousparagraph,wefindthat

Ontheotherhand,thelawofsinesandthe
identity

formulafortheareaofatriangleallowustoderivethe

Wecanrewritethisas

Pickingupwhereweleftoff,wefindthat
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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

asdesired.
Hint(s): Turntheproblemintoatrigproblem:getridofthesidelengths.
Rememberthat

,so

YourResponse:
Let'strytomanipulatetheleftsideoftheequationtogettherightside.
First,let'sreplacethevaluesof

and

withothervalues.

UsingtheExtendedLawofSines:

Sincethesamewillbetruefor

and

,wecanreplacethosevaluesoftheequation:

Thenumeratorofourfractionlooksquitesimilartothenumeratorofthefractionwearetryingtoget.
Now,wemustworkonthedenominator.
Let'stryreplacingthevaluesof
and intheequation
WecouldusetheExtendedLawofSinesagain:

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withothervalues.

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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

Let'ssubstitutethisvalueandthecorrespondingvaluesforthevariablesbandcintothedenominator:

Wehaveseenthevaluesof

beforeinthedoubleangleformulas.So,substituteagain.

Wecanthensimplifythisequationusingsumtoproductformulasandotheridentities:

Wecanusetheidentities
,
,
and
tosimplifythedenominatorfurther:

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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

UsetheExtendedLawofSinesagain:

Finally,wecanplugthissimplifieddenominatorintotheoriginalequationandsimplify.

Theequationisproven!
*Note:Detailedworkisattached

File:Week5Problem9.pdf[Download]
TechnicalScore:7/7
StyleScore:0.9/1
Comments:
Goodjobonacorrectproof!Onethingthatyoushouldtrytodoinyourproofs,however,isexplaineverystepthatyou
take.Rightnow,youstructureyourproofverywell,spacingitoutvertically,buttherearesomestepsthatyouskip
over.Youincludetheseinthepdfthatyou'veattached,butitisdifficulttounderstandthereasoningthere,becausethe
detailedworkismissingtheexplanationandthemotivationbehindthesteps.
Forinstance,whenyousimplify

to

youusethesumtoproductidentity,butyoudon'tmentionthisidentitybefore,andyoudon'tshowthemanipulations
withtheanglemeasuresthatarenecessarytoshowthisstep.Asaresult,youloseyourreader,whohastotryand
provethisonhis/herown.Remember,thebestproofsaretheonesthatfullyexplaineverysinglesteptaken.
Regardingstyle,eachsentenceshouldendwithaperiod,evenifthesentenceendswithanequation.
Youhavethankedthegrader!

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1003PrecalculusArtofProblemSolving

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