TG 3: Emerging Types of Enterprise Computing

3.1 Introduction
1. IT Infrastructure: Consist of IT component- hardware, software, networks, and
databases- and IT Services- developing information systems,
managing security and risk and managing data.
2. Stages for Modern IT infrastructures:
- Standalone Mainframe:
Mainframe was typically housed in a secure area; only MIS personnel can
access it.
- Mainframe and Dumb Terminals
Forcing users to go to wherever mainframe is located is timing consuming and
inefficient.
Dumb terminal- To address issue above.
- Electronic Typewriter with little power access.
- Enable user to input computer program into the mainframe from
their department. (Remote Job Entry)
- Standalone personal computers:
IBM PC (1981)
Improve Productivity (Spreadsheet and Word)
Not supported by MIS Dept. at the beginning; now, SPC is supported by MIS Dept.
(increase # of SPC)
- Local Area Networks (Client/ Server computing)
Personal Comp. connects to the Main Frame (via LAN) AKA Client/ Server
Computing
- Enterprise Computing
1995 (Internet become widespread), org. begins to use TCP/ IP networking
protocol to integrate diff. types of networks.
Network (Mainframe PC Smartphone)
- Cloud computing and mobile computing
Shared pool of computing resources (included: Comp, Storage, App, Services)
over the network, Internet.

3.2 Server Farm

1. If a company does not have enough computers processing power, they can
simply buy more servers.
Server- a computer support networks, enabling users to share files, software and
network devices.
Some co. is building massive data centers called server farm (100-1000 of
network com.)
2. Huge # of server in a server farm Redundancy and fault tolerance.
(Roll over to another computer)
Required massive amt. of electrical power,
Backup, air conditioning, security and $.
Need fiber optic comm. Link.
3. Google Server Farm: Oregon; Yahoo and Microsoft Server Farm: Quincy, Washington.

3.3 Virtualization
1

1. Utilization rates for server is usually 5-10% (low percentage of total computing
capacity)
- Org buy new server when they implement new app.
- To ensure that can supply enough computing resources to users (when needed)
- Server price drop 80%
2. Virtualization: a sys. In which servers do not have to be dedicated to particular tasks.
Server virtualization- uses software based partition t create multiple server
(called virtual machines) over one physical server with each app running w/in
the its own software environment.
Benefit of Server Virtualization: - Low cost (equipment, space, cooling personnel,
maintenance)
- Enhance org. agility (Enable it to quickly modify its
sys in response to changing demand)
- IT Depart. Can shift focus (Technology Service)
*MaximumASP virtualize its data center
-Past
35 employees host more than 48000 domains,
60 countries
Rapid expansion Proliferation of servers
pulling away from researching new services
(Diminish co. Agility and innovation)
- Process (1)
CIO add new server every year, each took 4 hrs
to deploy
X longer can respond quickly to the customers
Rising cost (real estate, power cost, new
hardware, software license)
- Process (2)
Implement Microsoft server virtualization
Set up 5-10 virtual on each physical server.
(save $350,000 for hardware)
Eliminating the cost of building data center.

TG3.4 Grid Computing

1. Grid Computing: combines the unused processing resources of many geographically

dispersed computers in a network to form a virtual supercomputer.
Target: Scientific or technical problem that require large amount of computer
processing and access to large amount of data.
- App run on a grid computing system are divided among multiple servers
in the grid, with each server processing particular component of the app.
- App must be reassembled from the participating servers.
Benefits of Grid Computing:
- To utilize computing resources more efficiently (either run the app OR
unused the capacity)
- App runs faster
- Provide fault tolerance and redundancy (single comp. failure will not stop
app from executing)
- Easy scale up (add comp.)- to meet complex app
- Easy scale down (remove comp.)- when extensive process is not needed.
* Digital Dimension uses the GRID Past
2

increases

Action movie req. a lot of computing power

Business grew IT infrastructure
- Process
Digipede Network offered great ctrl and
flexibility and allowed Digital Dimension to
create digital content across hundred servers.
Help to have greater and better visibility
Digipede GRID allows the studio to acquire
additional computing resources as needed to
meet heavy app. Processing demand.

TG 3.5 Utility Computing

1. Utility Computing: A service provider makes computing resources and
infrastructures mgmt. available to a customer as needed.
Charge customer for specific usage (X flat rate)
AKA. Subscription computing & On Demand computing
Benefit: - efficiently meet fluctuating demand for computing power by
lowering the cost of owning hardware infrastructure.

TG 3.6 Cloud Computing

1. Cloud Computing: Tasks are performed by computers that are physically removed
from that user.
Computer in the cloud typically located in data center or server farms.
Cloud: -Public Cloud: Maintained by an external service provider (Amazaon
Web service)
Access through the Internet
- Private Cloud: A proprietary data center that integrates servers,
storage, networks, data and apps as a set of services that users share
inside company.
Advantages: Lower infrastructure cost
Disadvantages: Privacy, security and reliability concern.
* Amazon moves music into cloud: - Past
X
- Process
Challenges Amazon VS. Apple
Music Library is scattered
Copy manually (From Laptop to Phone)
Amazon: Music collection that bought will reside
in the
cloud. (can listen anywhere: amazon
cloudplayer)
Amazon provides free upload-er app
Concern:
Only USA
Competitors: Audio galaxy, Audio Box, Spotify
and Rdio.
Apple and Google has the similar services
MP3 store is not as rich as Apple
Privacy (The music that uploaded)
3

Wrong Time (Data plan getting more

expensive)
*Amazon Web Service Crashes: - Past
Amazon cloud is designed with backups to the
backups backup.
To prevent hosted website and app from failings
April 2011 (Amazon Cloud Clash) Amazons
reliable?
Thousands of co. using Amazon Web Service (AWS)
to run their Websites through a service called Elastic
Compute Cloud (EC2)
These co. rather host their site on Amazon Unused
Server than host their sites on their own server,
EC2 is hosted in Virginia, California, Ireland, Tokyo
and Singapore. (A region has many available zones)
(A available zone has many data centers)
Amazon makes sure their data center is linking
together to avoid failures; keep their sites up 99.5 per
year.
April 2011 failure: the website hosted are in READ
ONLY MODE
Those website should be taking advantages of using
Amazon Backup System.
Cloud Services: - Cloud Infrastructure as a service
Customers use processing, storage, networking and other
computing resources from cloud services providers to operate
their info sys.
Simple Storage Service (S3): Storing customer Data
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2): Service for operating their
app.
(Customer pays for the amt. of storage and computing they
used)

TG3.7 Emerging Software Trend

1. Web service: app delivered over the Internet that MIS professionals can select and
combine through almost any device. (Mobile PC)
Shared Std and Protocol: enables these apps communicate with each other
(w/o translating)
Benefits: - Org can utilize the existing Internet infrastructure w/o having
implement any new technology
- Org. Personnel can access remote or local data w/o having to
understand the complexities of this process.
- Org. can create new app quickly and easily
4 key protocol:
- Extensible Markup Language (XML): Make it easier to exchg data
among a variety of app and to
validate and interpret these data.
A powerful and flexible HTML
4

 Text, graphics, video, and sound are

placed on a website
Can perform Presentation, Comm and
Storage of data.
- Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) A set of rules that define how
msg can be exchanged among different
network systems and app through the
use of XML
Access a common protocol- Enable
different web service o interoperate.
Access Java, run all hardware and
software
- Web Service Descriptions Language (WSDL)
To create the XML documents that
describe the tasks performed by the
various web services.
Tool: Visual Studio
- Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI):
Allow MIS professonals to search for
needed Web Services by creating public
and private searchable directories of this
these services
UDDI= registry of description of web
services.
2. Service- Oriented Architecture (SOA): - IT architecture that makes it possible to
construct business app using Web Service. (Can be
reused across an org.)
- Web service that check consumers credit can be
used with a service that process a mortgage app or
a credit card application.