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Preface
This is our 5th edition of Yojana Gist released for the month of AUGUST, 2015 on Inclusive
Growth and related issues. Yet the message delivered in the last edition remains the same.
Yojana Magazine (released by Ministry of I&B) is increasingly finding a place in the questions
of both UPSC Prelims and Mains. Every Issue of Yojana deals with a single topic
comprehensively sharing views from a wide spectrum ranging from academicians to policy
makers to scholars. The magazine is essential to build an in-depth understanding of various
socio-economic issues.
From the exam point of view, however, not all articles are important. Some go into scholarly
depths and others discuss agendas that are not relevant for your preparation. Added to this
is the difficulty of going through a large volume of information, facts and analysis to finally
extract their essence that may be useful for the exam.
We are not discouraging from reading the magazine itself. So, do not take this as a
document which you take read, remember and reproduce in the examination. Its only
purpose is to equip you with the right understanding. But, if you do not have enough time to
go through each and every Yojana magazine, you can rely on the content provided here for
it sums up the most essential points from all the articles in Yojana.
You need not put hours and hours in reading Yojana and making its notes in pages. We
believe, a smart study, rather than hard study, of Yojana can improve your preparation
levels. Hence, instead of giving you a gist of articles, we are providing a Q&A format from
both Prelims and Mains that can make you understand How to read Yojana?
Think, learn, practice and keep improving! That is the key to success.
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INTRODUCTION
Pranab Mukherjee while addressing both Houses of Parliament described Inclusive growth
covering the poorest of poor as the Governments top priority. India, having successfully
emerged from an under-developed nation to one of the largest economies, needs to
translate into an overall improvement in the lives of poor and the marginalised sections of
the society.
Eleventh Five Year Plan had envisaged the concept of Inclusive Growth with the intention
to achieve a growth process guaranteeing improvement in the quality of life and the
equality of opportunity to all. Twelfth plan stressed on it empathetically with an orientation
towards reducing poverty, improving health and education facilities, and livelihood
opportunities.
Poverty
reduction
Quality of
employment
Social Sector
Development
Agriculture
development
Proper
Delivery
System
Most social protection policies employed by countries are concerned with equity, which is
reasonable access to equality of opportunity, which should permit people to use the
instruments that are at their disposal to progress by some set parameter. Government of
India, keeping this in mind, has launched various schemes like Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan
Yojana, MUDRA Bank, SETU, Skill India Mission and schemes like Pradhan Mantri Suraksha
Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyothi Bima Yojana and Atal Pension Yojana. MNREGA
has already established itself as a winner by improving the standard of living, checking
migration and increasing employment opportunities for the rural poor significantly.
But to realise the potential of these schemes, a nation-wide integration is important and the
recent revolution of digitization, truly holds the key to effective and efficient utilization of
technology to bring the excluded groups back into the mainstream; securing to its citizens,
the equality of status and opportunity in real sense.
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Hybrid and GM crops, precision farming by using sensors, GIS-based soil, weather,
water data, and market information
Minimization of post-harvest losses by improvement in the storage and distribution
system can reduce leakages and make the sector realize additional value
Helps in assessing crop damage through all-weather stations, satellite/drone imagery
and mobile based transfers
Manufacturing Ecosystem:
With an ever-increase in the number of employable youth, a smooth transition is important
to make our manufacturing ecosystem globally competitive. Impetus to electronic
manufacturing to realise Zero Import vision by establishing proper linkages in terms of
right technology, raw materials and manpower will transform India into a manufacturing
hub. GST will help scale up the entire process.
Education and Skill Development:
The huge learning crisis and the problem of unemployment can be revitalised by:
New forms of adaptive and peer learning (Online Learning) + Access to mentors
Provision of useful data in real time
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3 pillars:
Eg: NetraG An optic device that can be plugged into a smart phone and is helpful in
measuring the refractive error of an eye
E-governance
Thus, it is imperative for India to build physical infrastructure to align its vision with the
much awaited socio-economic progress while creating an innovative and an enabling
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environment for growth to thrive. This revolution is sure to help India achieve its goals of
rapid economic growth, greater social inclusion, and better governance by 2025.
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Food Security
An economy is said to have food security when all people at all times have access to safe
and nutritious food and drinking water to lead a healthy life
The present UNICEF Report says that at least 1 million children under the age of 5 die
due to malnutrition; forcing us to look out for the SCs, STs, OBCs and the rural poor
as they share the highest burden of acute malnutrition.
India also ranks 55 in the Global Hunger Index based on
number of underweight children under 5
under-5 Child Mortality Rate
and the proportion of undernourished in the population
India has passed National Food Security Act, 2013 to address the grave situation
aiming to provide subsidized food to almost two-thirds of the entire population
It has been integrated with schemes like PDS + Mid-Day Meal Scheme + Integrated
Child Development Services, to bring nutritional food security to both children and
women.
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However, the NFSA Act is yet to be implemented and both central and state government
should remove the hurdles quickly to make our population heathy and increase our human
capital.
India has been trying to address the issues of divergence between growth and social
development. However, regional imbalances in implementation of the schemes, lack of
technological integration has been playing foul with our development agendas. There is a
need to identify the factors that are causing a stall, reduce the inter-region imbalances as
well as the leakages and the State Government to play a pro-active role in the development
of India.
3) Small firms form the seedbed of new initiatives and India needs to align its
development agenda with the growth stimuli known as MSMEs. In the light of the above
statement, revisit the critical areas of concern and suggest a way ahead for more intensive
economic prosperity in the country.
The social role of MSMEs since Independence has been that of a carrier of fruits of growth,
to the corners of the country. However, keeping in mind Indias growth paradigm and the
unfinished strategy of integration of policies related to MSMSs, there are various factors
that needs revisiting in order to create a synergy between Indias strategy for alignment of
MSMEs with its development agenda.
Start-up: India needs to harness the motivational skills of its young workforce rather than
just making them capable of earning wages. There is a need to take care of both Program
Modelling and Delivery of Programs and thus, should develop a proper approach to
understanding, measurement and planning for entrepreneurship development.
Skill Development: The skill-gap needs to be holistically understood and Skill India hopes
to harness modular and motivational skills together. This mismatch greatly affects the
capacity build-up,as labour market interventions needs to be demand-driven and should be
in coordination with enhanced income opportunities. Speed, standard and sustainability
should be the mantra.
Knowledge Creation & Transmission: The knowledge system for MSMEs should be
integrated to nourish the whole value chain and make innovation its mantra for
sustainability.
Manufacturing thrust: National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP) and
the National Manufacturing policy have been given impetus, with a concentrated focus on
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MSMSs to make India a Manufacturing hub. Defence, Electronics and Textiles production
are the sectors that need more concerted efforts.
Harnessing the potential of Socially Marginalised Groups: In India, the configurations of
caste and language gets reflected in enterprise clustering and recruitment strategy and
managing this multi-culturism would require MSMEs to equip itself with social engineering
skills and a working public policy
Eg: SHGs, USTAAD are attempting to bring these groups in the forefront of the
development process.
In India, despite its long history of MSMS Development policy, our efforts towards
integrating its development with inclusiveness at its core, has been marred with the failure
of the benefits in reaching the targeted beneficiaries. As India, transforms into a knowledge
economy, more meticulous efforts are needed to identify the loopholes and channelize
them into a meaningful solution.
4. What do you mean by Social Enterprise? What role can it play in bringing inclusive
growth to India?
Social Enterprises are defined as enterprises that operate like a business, produce goods and
services for the market, managing the operations but redirecting the surpluses in pursuit of
social and environmental goals. They can be operated by a non-profit organization or by a
for-profit company, having its primary objective as social purpose at the top and
commercial purpose at the bottom.
Social enterprises have two goals at its core:
India has seen a remarkable GDP growth over the last two decades but its 1.2 billion
populations is still grappling with poverty. We are in need of a response that builds up a
social economy; and social enterprises can play an important role in fulfilling government
policy objectives by:
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India has produced several social enterprise models but the country still lacks in a social
enterprise policy at a national level. Once brought into the mainstream, it can play an
instrumental role in translating the concept of inclusion into an action-oriented
phenomenon, from idea to innovation, smoothly.
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There is a need for the Government to rethink those measures already taken and those,
about to be taken, to expand their scope in making financial instruments more inclusive.
Orientation programmes for bank staff and financial literacy programme for the public
should be taken up.
To start off, a multidimensional index can be computed to include:
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These socio-economic developments can help India unleash her creative potential and
convert ideas and innovation into a manufactured product in the economy, strengthened by
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inclusive growth yielding higher employment and output for the economy. This will form a
sound foundation for the Make in India to become a reality.
6) Recent formulated schemes are major steps taken by government of India to create a
sound and a sustainable social security net in the country. Comment
Schemes like Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyothi Bima
Yojana and Atal Pension Yojana, serve as a successful model towards creation of a
sustainable social security net for millions in the country.
a. They are universally accessible covering the majority of population unable to access
the products privately and the premium has been kept low to attract even the
poorest of the poor
b. It develops a sense of responsibility enhancing awareness and gives a push to
financial inclusion.
c. Bank becomes the mediator, creating great convenience and a sense of safety in the
minds of the account holder.
d. Business Correspondents Model enhances the capacity and the footprint of the
banks in rural areas thereby, contributing to minimum transaction costs for the
banks.
e. Mobilization of savings can be further integrated into the economy to increase
further productive investment.
However, these schemes pose some serious challenges that should be taken care of by the
policy makers:
a. Lack of awareness and understanding is the major hurdle in rural areas where there
is no system to deliver the desired information, makes the role of the Gram
Panchayat extremely important.
b. Zero Balance Account has a high maintenance cost which is difficult to maintain and
the issue of recovery being difficult
c. As the number of accounts is increasing, banks are finding it difficult to increase their
workforce and at the same time, deliver services efficiently.
d. Most of these rural accounts are No-Frill accounts and thus, banks are unwilling to
spend inordinate amounts of time and resources to create and nurture a new
market.
e. Connectivity issues make banks suffer more because their investment doesnt
generate good output in rural areas.
Even with some of the shortcomings, these schemes have provided an option to the poor,
creating a web of good governance with the poor being a major stakeholder. Lack of
awareness, poor connectivity and low penetration of banks in rural areas needs to be dealt
with swiftly to forge India towards an inclusive socially developed nation.
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7. Can agriculture be employed as a basic means to uplift the socio-economic indicators of
our country?
In an agrarian economy, a development plan needs to keep agriculture as its centre point.
India has witnessed a major downslide on the productivity and crop-diversification front,
making more than two-thirds of population remain laggard on all aspects of socio-economic
measurements. The sole motto of agriculture has been to increase the acreage and
productivity but there is a need today, to make agriculture, a tool to bring about inclusive
growth and social change.
National Agriculture Market (NAM):
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To check volatility of prices and increasing the shelf life of vegetables, government
has established this fund
Perishable commodities will be procured directly from farmers or their organizations
at the mandi levels and be made available at reasonable prices
Helps getting buyers directly on the doorsteps of farmers
DD Kisan: To inform and educate about the recent initiatives as well as warn them about
weather conditions
Warehousing
Focus on power sector reforms, promotion of renewable sources of energy and waste
management are some of the priority sectors that needs to be addressed. But the
government has definitely diagnosed a major problem lurking in agriculture sector and
therefore, has initiated the process of employing agriculture to bring a sustainable ground
to uplift the socio-economic indicators of our country.
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Do You Know?
E-mandi:
The concept of E-mandi has successfully integrated the agri-markets of the country, making
it a one market phenomenon. This web-enabled platform will enable farmers and traders
to purchase as well as sell their agricultural commodities at a favourable price, in a
transparent manner. This will improve the supply-chain mechanism, reduce wastages as
well as bring down the barriers providing a level field to all.
Karnataka has successfully been operating this model and has set an example for the other
states to follow. State governments have been given the responsibility to increase
awareness regarding the methods and the software to roll out this plan efficiently.
Prelims Questions:
1. Identify:
1) It is the largest river island in the world which has been shrinking in size due to erosion
2) It is located in Brahmaputra River and is abode of the Assamese neo-Vaisnavite culture.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Moirang
Majuli
Ziro
Mokokchung
2. Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan aims to inculcate a spirit of inquiry, creativity and a love
for Science and Mathematics, enabling North East youth to come closer to mainstream
India. This unique concept has been developed by
a)
b)
c)
d)
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3. The actual usage of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potash) in India is in the ratio
a)
b)
c)
d)
8:3:1
4:2:1
7:3:9
6:5:2
Explanation:
4:2:1 is the recommended usage of NPK.
4. Consider the following statements regarding the Targeted Public Distribution System
started in 1997:
1) The number of eligible beneficiaries in each state is fixed by the State Government.
2) The identification of actual beneficiaries under BPL and AAY is carried out by the Central
Government.
Choose the correct statement:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Only 1
Only 2
Both
None
Explanation:
1) The number of eligible beneficiaries in each state is fixed by the Central Government
based on the state-specific poverty line.
2) The identification of actual beneficiaries under BPL and AAY is carried out by the State
Government.
5. Which of the following is one of the vision statements issued by the Nachiket Mor
Committee?
a)
b)
c)
d)
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6. Consider the following:
a) Self Help Groups (SHGs)
b) Panchayats
c) Khadi and Village Industries units
d) Village Knowledge Centres,
e) Post Offices
Who can become a Business Correspondent for Banks?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Only e
Both b and e
Both d and e
All of the above
Thank You
IASbaba
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