5.

Prestress Losses

Needed for

5.2

Stress checks
Camber & deflection
f

5.3

Components of P/S Loss

fpT = fpES + fpLT

5.4

Components of Prestress Losses

Stress in
strands
Jacking
Anchorage
seating loss

A
B

Relaxation and
temperature losses
Creep, shrinkage
and relaxation

Elastic shortening

Elastic gain
due to deck placement

Strand
tensioning

Prestress
transfer

Deck
placement

SIDL

J
Elastic gain
due to SIDL

Elastic gain
due to LL

LL

P/S Girder Design Example

Time

5.5

Strands at
Midspan
No. of Dist. from
Strands Bottom
4
8 IN
8
6 IN
12
4 IN
12
2 IN

P/S Girder Design Example

5.6

Calculation of fpES
fpES =

f pES =

fpES =

Ep
E ci

5.7

f cgp

Aps f pi ( I g + em2 Ag ) em M g Ag
AI E
Aps ( I g + em2 Ag ) + g g ci
E ps

5.508 x 202.5(545,894 + 32.38 2 * 767 ) 32.28 * 1122 * 12 * 767

= 18.1 ksi
767 * 545,894 * 3905
5.508(545,894 + 32.38 2 * 767 ) +
28500

5.8

2005 LRFD Approximate

Long-Term Loss:
fpLT = 10.0(fpiAps / Ag) h st + 12.0 h st + fpR
h = 1.7 0.01H = 1.7 0.01(75) = 0.95
st = 5 / (1 + fci ) = 5 / (1 + 4.5) = 0.91
fpLT = 10.0 * (202.5*5.508/767) * 0.95 * 0.91
+ 12.0 * 0.95 * 0.91 + 2.5
= 25.4 ksi

5.9

Long-Term P/S Losses

Detailed Method
fpLT = (fpSR + fpCR + fpR1)id +
(fpSD + fpCD + fpR2 fpSS)df

Revised Equations for:

5.10

Modulus of Elasticity
Unit Weight
g
Creep & Shrinkage

5.11

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, Ec
Ec = 33,000K1 (w)1.5 fc

K1 is a function of local aggregates

for fc <= 5 ksi
w = 0.145 kcf
For fc > 5 ksi:
w = 0.140 kcf + 0.001 fc <= 0.155 kcf
Ref: Tadros et al (NCHRP 18-07)

K1 Coefficients For Local Mixes

5.12

2005 AASHTOLRFD
Nebraska (Medium
Aggregate)
New Hampshire (Medium
Aggregate)
Texas (Medium Aggregate)

0.975
0.911
1.282

Texas (Hard Aggregate)

Washington (Medium
Aggregate)

1.359

All Data

1.000

1.154

Creep & Shrinkage

5.13

Equations revised to account for high

strength concrete

High Strength vs. Conventional Concrete

5.14

12SF-7-C
Creep C
Coefficient

1.80
1.60
1.40

C5

1.20

C6

1.00

C7
7

0.80

C8

0.60

ACI 209

0.40

New Eq.

0.20
0.00
0

20

40

60

80

100

120 140

160 180

Time (days)

5.15

Shrinkage (m
microstrains)

12SF-7-S
600
500

S1

400

S2
S3

300

S4
ACI 209

200

New Eq.

100
0
0

25

50

75

100

125

Time (days)

AASHTO LRFD 2005 Formulas

5.16

t = 1.90k td k la k s k h k f

Creep Coefficient

Shrinkage Strain sh = 480 10 6 k td k s k hs k f

5.17

Correction Factors

Time Development

Humidity
Loading Age

ks

f pCR =

Ep
E ci

1.448 0.128( V / S)

(Creep)

k hc = 1.56 0.008H

(Shrinkage)

k hs = 2.00 0.014 H
0.118
k la = t i

(Creep)

Loss Equations

Initial to deck placement:

f pSR = bid E p K id

t
61 4f ci' + t

k td

VolumeVolume
-toto-Surface Ratio

5
1 + f ci'

kf

Concrete Strength

6.55 ksi

( Eq. 5.9.5.4.2a 1)

f cgp b (t d , t i )K id

5.18

(Eq. 5.9.5.4.2b 1)

16.62 ksi

fpR1 = 1.2 ksi

Deck placement to final:

f pSD = bdf E p K df

f pCD =
f pSS =

Ep
E ci
Ep
Ec

( Eq. 5.9.5.4.3a 1)

f cgp [ b (t f , t i ) b (t d , t i )]K df +
f cdf K df [1 + b (t f , t d )]

f cdf

fpR 2 = 1.2 ksi

3 19 k
3.19
ksii

Ep
Ec

0.00 ksi

f cd b (t f , t d )K df 0.0

(Eq. 5.9.5.4.3d 1)

1 e pc e d
ddf A d E cd

+
=
[1 + 0.7 d (t f , t d )] A c I c

(Eq. 5.9.5.4.3b 1)

1.49 ksi
( Eq. 5.9.5.4.3d 2)

Total Long Term Loss = 27.3 ksi

5.19

P/S Gains
Deck weight

(6.28 ksi)

Non-composite girder

SDL

(1.62 ksi)

Composite girder

0.8LL+I

(6.23 ksi)

Composite girder

Total Gain = 14.1 ksi

5.20

Detailed vs. Approximate Method

Detailed
Method

Approximate
Method

Elastic Loss

18.1 ksi

18.1 ksi

Long-Term Loss

27.3 ksi

25.4 ksi

Total Loss

45.4 ksi

43.5 ksi

www.structuresprograms.unomaha.edu
Input Sheet

5.21

Material and Section Properties

Prestress Losses and Concrete Stresses

5.22

5.23