Name: To Th Thu Hin

ID: 1311140034
Subject: International Relations
Due date: 17/09/2015

HOMEWORK

2. How does globalization have impact on international relations (1.5 2 pages).

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War abruptly opened up possibilities
for trans-global connections that had previously been limited. That is the reason why
Globalization - the increasing interconnectedness of all parts of the world in all areas, most
notably communication, commerce, culture, and politics begun to have so much impact on the
world, especially in the field of international relations. As everything has two sides, globalization
is welcomed by some and vilified by others.
There has been a lot of debate among scholars and policy makers both within the developed
world and the third world with respect to the impact of globalisation on third world international
relations. While it has been praised for being an opportunity for the third world countries to make
it in the twenty first century, it has also being criticized for its anti third world posture. This
implies first that it is another way of projecting European values on the rest of the world. Hence
it is termed cultural imperialism (Philips, 1985:113). To the critical minded third world,
globalization has been seen as a replacement of imperialism or modernity. It displaces a focus on
domination of third world countries by the so-called developed world, or of local and national
economies by transnational corporations. It is a method to preserve the continuing exploitation of
much of the world by few super powers.
It is important in the light of the above to clearly state that there is increasing fear of
marginlisation and possible re-colonisation of the third world with reference to global relations.
This is accentuated by the fact that almost all the structures, upon which the foundation of the
global village is to be built, are controlled by the so-called developed countries.
Furthermore, globalisation of trade and liberalization of economies have been described as
inequitable and inimical to the third world in general. Economic structure is yet another
important structure which is wholly controlled by the developed world. Besides, the fact that
most, if not all the third world countries are largely indebted to the developed nations, leaves
them with very little or no control over their national economies how much more that of the
global economy. It is glaring that relations between the debt ridden third world nations and the
other part of the world is that of a slave-master or master-slave relations.

Politically speaking, globalisation is changing the context in which governments operate. The
challenge to policy makers is made more acute by a lot of other internationalisations under way.
International actors and events that nationally affect even so called domestic issues in third world
countries. Thus the national sovereignty and national policy autonomy of third world countries
are undermined as a result of the world begin seen and referred to as a global village. The
principle of erstwhile freedom of internal affairs of state is no longer held sacrosanct as events
such as human rights and democracy are now internationalised.
In addition, there is the crisis of loyalty between the national government of third world nations
and the international government. This is because for the Staff of these globalised governments
even when their policies are contrary to the national government, these people/group of people,
still dance to the tune of the globalised government.
The security structure too is not left out in this regard. This is because the developed nations
through science and sophisticated technology have been able to hijack the global security
through which it can exercise relational and structural powers. That is causing the third world
nations to do what ordinarily it would no consider doing, or determining the rules to which the
third world countries have to behave within the global structure. For instance, the insistence by
America that Nigeria should hand over Charles Taylor for prosecution by the International
Criminal Court is a case that readily comes to bare.
Another impact that globalisation has on the third world is the destruction of traditional cultures
among those who are drawn into that economy and its practices. People have a right to cultural
diversity but this is no longer the case following the tenets of globalisation. The possibility of
having universally accepted paradigms in the assessment of the cultures is very remote.

From the foregoing, we have been trying to examine the impact of globalisation on the
international relations of third world countries. However, some analyst have it that globalisation
has a possible prospect for the third world countries. This is because of the possibility of trying
to become economically competitive in the global economy that values high technological
goods. Although, one way of achieving this economic relevance is for the indebtedness of the
third world to get the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank write off write off
their multilateral debts so that they can start afresh.

1. Read the book and other sources to summarize the differences of international order
between the Cold War and Post-Cold War periods. (1.5 2 pages)
In the post Cold War world, power system has changed; the actors within thes ystem have began
trying to re-define their roles and their places within the system andthey have entered into a
hurry in order to secure a place for themselves within an environment in which even the USA is

not prepared to become the only force.The main reason for this hurry is the fact that the clarity of
the enemy which is acommon one for both of the poles in the bi-polar world. In addition to this,
there are noclear lines among the groupings formed in the newly emerging system. This has
caused for the understanding of strategic partner or ally to lose its effect in an
increasinglymanner. The groups have been obliged to have relations with one another; even the
states in one of the groups have been obliged to have relations individually with the countries in
the other groups.
Many shifts in the international system accompanied the end of the Cold War. In fact, 1991 was
an extraordinary and defining year. The Japanese economic miracle ended. China after
Tiananmen Square inherited Japan's place as a rapidly growing, export-based economy, one
defined by the continued pre-eminence of the Chinese Communist Party. The Maastricht
Treaty was formulated, creating the structure of the subsequent European Union. A vast coalition
dominated by the United States reversed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
Three things defined the post-Cold War world. The first was U.S. power. The second was the rise
of China as the center of global industrial growth based on low wages. The third was the reemergence of Europe as a massive, integrated economic power. Meanwhile, Russia, the main
remnant of the Soviet Union, reeled while Japan shifted to a dramatically different economic
mode.
The post-Cold War world had two phases. The first lasted from Dec. 31, 1991, until Sept. 11,
2001. The second lasted from 9/11 until now.
The initial phase of the post-Cold War world was built on two assumptions. The first assumption
was that the United States was the dominant political and military power but that such power was
less significant than before, since economics was the new focus. The second phase still revolved
around the three Great Powers the United States, China and Europe but involved a major
shift in the worldview of the United States, which then assumed that pre-eminence included the
power to reshape the Islamic world through military action while China and Europe singlemindedly focused on economic matters.

REFERENCES
http://www.academia.edu/1176713/POWERS_IN_THE_CHANGING_SYSTEM_AFTER_THE
_COLD_WAR
https://www.stratfor.com/weekly/beyond-post-cold-war-world
http://www.e-ir.info/2011/07/27/how-has-globalisation-changed-the-international-system/
http://www.e-ir.info/2011/07/27/how-has-globalisation-changed-the-international-system/