FAUNAL SUCCESSION

urutan fauna (Abbe, 1777)

Fossils differ according to their

geological ages; fossils in lower
formations are unlike those in higher
beds (Schenk, 1940, op.cit., p. 1753).
Fossils faunas and floras succeed one
another in a definite and determinable
order (Anthony, op.cit.,p.89)

Prinsip ini yang mendasari konsep

biostratigrafi yang berkembang
menjadi chronostratigrafi

STRATA IDENTIFIED BY FOSSILS

(Smith, 1816)

The practicability of thus distinguishing so great a variety of

materials in the earth, as successively terminate at the
surface being admitted, and their courses delineated in the
large map of the Strata just published; I may now
confidently proceed with a general account of those
organized fossils which I found imbedded in each Stratum,
and which first enable me more particularly to distinguish
one Stratum from another (Smith 1816,p.2)

Similar strata contain similar fossils (smith,1817)

Strata can be distinguished by their characteristic

fossils (Woodford 1935, op. cit., p.5-6; Schenck 1940,
p. 1754-1755)

Menjelaskan bahwa para ahli geologi pada awalnya

menaruh minat yang sangat besar pada batuan,
lapisan serta hubungan lapisan di lapangan. Pada
perkembangannya manusia mulai tertarik pada urutan
lapisan dengan isi fosilnya.

Cross Cutting
Relationships

(Charles Lyell, 1830)

The thing doing the cutting is younger

than the rock being cut.

UNIFORMITARIANISM
(HUTTON, 1785)

In examining things present, we have data from

which to reason with regards to that which is to
happen hereafter. Therefore, upon the
superposition that the operations oh nature are
equable and steady, we find, in natural
appearances, means for concluding a certain
portion of time to have necessarily elapsed in the
production of these events of which we see the
effects (HUTTON, p.217)

Walaupun kita ketahui bahwa setiap zaman

mempunyai ciri yang tertentu, misalnya Zaman
perm umumnya panas berbeda dengan zaman
sebelumnya, Karbon yang bersifat lembab,
namun proses yang membentuk semua gejala
geologi dapat dikatakan sama.

James Hutton (1726-1797

CE)

Scottish geologist
Developed the
laws of geology
Considered the
Father of Modern
Geology

HUTTONS DOCTRINE OF
UNIFORMITY
( Playfair, 1802 )

Amid all the revolutions of the globe the economy of

Nature has been uniform, and her laws are the only thing
that have resisted the general movement. The rivers and
the rock, the seas, and the continents have been changed
in all their parts; but the laws which describe those
changes, and the rules to which they are subject, have
remained invariably the same
The present is the key to he past
No vestiges of the beginning, no vestiges of the end
Everything changes, only the law of changes does not
change
Perubahan terjadi sangat lambat perubahan besar
Proses di bumi terjadi secara berulang ulang siklus
Bermacam jenis batuan

FACIES ( Greesly, 1836)

The term facies designate the differences,

whatever they may be between formations of the
same age; the differences may be either in
petrography composition, resulting the nature of
the substances deposited, or paleontology
differences, resulting from the living condition of
the animal and plant fossils.
Facies are then definitely the different kinds of
deposits, sedimentary or other, which can be
produced simultaneously, at a given geological
moment, just as is the case at the present time.
One the speaks of the various facies of the
formation as one would speak of the different
deposits of modern time.
Greesly mulai melihat fosil sebagai bagian dari

WALTHER LAW HUKUM

WALTHER
( Walther, 1894 )

In other words facies that occur in a conformable vertical

core sequences were formed in laterally adjacent
depositional environment.
It is especially important to note as Middletown ( 1973 )
pointed out, that Walthers Law applies only to succession
without major erosion or non depositional breaks. Therefore
it is extremely important to recognize such erosion or non
depositional breaks in vertical sequences.
Fasies yang pada dasarnya berarti perbedaan ciri
paleontologi dan batuan pada umur yang sama, dalam
prektek pengenalannya di lapangan sulit dikerjakan pada
daerah tropis. Hal ini karena terbatasnya bentabg
singkapan. Oleh karena itu pemakaian hukum Walther ini
menolong kita dalam menafsirkan perubahan fasies yang
bersifat lateral dan perubahan ciri paleontologi dan batuan
dalam susunan vertikal. Tetapi pengertian bahwa perubahan
ertikal adalah sama dengan perubahan fasies adalah
pengertian yang salah, karena susunan vertikal
menunjukkan urtan waktu yang berbeda (superposisi), yang

LHITOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT
SATUAN LHITOSTRATIGRAFI ( Powell, 1888
)

The discrimination between rock

stratigraphic units is essential for the
classification and nomenclature of
sedimentary rocks.

Perkembangan stratigrafi selanjutnya

menunjukkan pandangan manusia terhadap
hal yang bersifat praktis, terapan. Ahli
pertama dalam hal stratigrafi yang
mengajukan pentingnya terapan adalah
Powell ( 1888 ). Direktur USA Geological
Survey di Amerika.

Jabaran lebih lanjut dapat dibaca pada bab

Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia.

Maturnuwun