QUESTIONS

These were analog with reasonably reliable networks but limited service
offerings and did not permit roaming between networks.
These are digital and bring significant advantages in terms of service
sophistication, capacity and quality.
It is standardized packet switched technology enabling mobile use of the
internet.
Example of this is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems
(UMTS).
The origins of mobile communications quickly followed the invention of
radio in the late _________.
In 1906, he successfully transmits human voice over radio.
Inventor of vacuum tube.
In 1930s. _______ Two-way mobile systems in place in the U.S. took
advantage of newly developed mobile transmitter and utilized a push-totalk or half-duplex transmission.
In what year the Detroit Police Department used a 2 MHz frequency in the
departments first mobile radio.
In what year the invention of Frequency Modulation (FM) improved audio
quality.
In what year the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) recognized
a communication service it classified as Domestic Public Land Mobile
(DPLM) radio service.
In what year D. H. Ring envisions the cellular telephony
In what year the Radio Common Carriers (RCC) was recognized.
In what year the Bell Systems made broadband proposals.
In what year AT & T introduces Improved Mobile Telephone System
(IMTS)
The first comprehensive international standardized group.
In what year the first digital cellular standard (GSM) is launched.
In what year the GPRS packet data standard released
The first 3G test networks built in ___________.
It is responsible from performing calls processing and subscribe functions.
It performs all the radio-related functions.
It performs all the operation and maintenance tasks for the network such
as monitoring network traffic and network alarms.
It performs the telephony switching functions for the mobile network.
It enables an MSC to interrogate a networks HLR in order to route a call
to a Mobile station (MS).
It is a centralized network databases that stores and manages all mobile
subscriptions belonging to a specific operator.
It contains information about all the mobile subscribers currently located in
an MSC service area.
The main function of this is to authenticate the subscribers attempting to
use a network.
It is a database containing mobile equipment identity information which
helps to block calls fro stolen, unauthorized, defective MS.
It is a computerized monitoring center which is connected to other network
components via X.25 data network links.
Centralized control of a network is done at a _____________.
It is used by a mobile subscriber to communicate with the mobile network.
It is the basic unit of a cellular system and is defined as the area of radio
coverage given by one BS antenna system.
It is defined as a group of cells.
It is made up of a number of LA and represents the geographical part of
the network controlled by one MSG.
It is the entire area set of cells served by one network operator and is
defined as the area in which an operator offers radio coverage and access
to its network.
It is the entire geographical area in which a subscriber can gain access to
a GSM network.
An important factor in determining the capacity of a mobile system.
The direction from the MS to the network.
The direction from the network to the MS
Uplink and downlink transmission are separated in frequency by a
minimum distance.
This is the distance on the frequency band between channels being
transmitted in the same direction.
It is the number of frequencies in a cell that determines the cells capacity.

ANSWERS
1G systems
2G systems
2.5G systems
3G systems
1800
Reginald Fesseden
J.A. Fleming
Amplitude Modulation
(AM)
1921
1935
1940s
1947
1949
1958
1964
Nordic Mobile Telephone
(NMT)
1991
1999
Monaco
Switching systems
Base Switching System
Operation and
Maintenance Center
Mobile services
Switching Center
Gateway Functionality
Home Location Register
(HLR)
Visitor Location Register
(VLR)
Authentication Center
(AUC)
Equipment Identity
Register (EIR)
Operation and
Maintenance Center
Network Management
Center
Mobile Station
Cell
Location Area
MSC Service Area
Public Land Mobile
Network (PLMN)
GSM Service Area
Channel
Uplink
Downlink
Duplex distance
Carrier Separation
Frequency Re-use

The amount of information transmitted over a radio channel over a period

of time.
QUESTIONS
The modulation technique in GSM.
Most digital cellular systems use the technique of ___________.
GSM radio carrier can carry how many numbers of calls.
It is when a mobile unit moves from one cell to another possibly from
one companys service area into another companys service is.
The transfer of a mobile unit from one base stations control to another
base stations control.
It is a break-before-make process.
This occurs when a mobile unit is passed between disjointed systems with
different frequency assignments, air interface characteristics, or
technologies.
It is a flawless handoff that normally takes approximately 200ms, which is
imperceptible to voice telephone users.
This occurs when the received signal becomes weaker and weaker due to
increasing distance MS and BTS, even it there are no obstacles between
the transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) antenna.
This occurs when there are physical obstacles including hills and buildings
between the BTS and the MS.
This occurs when there is more than one transmission path to the MS or
BTS, and therefore more than one signal is arriving at the receiver.
This occurs when a signal takes more than one path between the BTS
and MS antennas.
For GSM 900, the distance between dips.
Defines the percentage of the total number of received bits which are
incorrectly detected.
It is used to detect and correct errors in a received bit stream.
This consists of a number of different codecs, which together with the
associated channel coding has been optimized for different radio
environments.
A process used to separate consecutive bits of a message so that these
are transmitted in a nonconsecutive way.
It increases the received signal strength by taking advantage of the
natural properties of radio waves.
With this, the two space diversity antenna area replaced by one dual
polarized antenna.
The most common types of polarized antenna arrays
It means that the fading dips occur at different places for different
frequencies.
In GSM, there are ___ patterns of frequency hopping.
It involves hopping between frequencies on different transceivers in a cell.
It involves from frequency to frequency on the same transceiver in a cell.
Also known as IS-95 (Interim Standard 95), proposed by Qualcomm as a
cellular telephone system and standard based spectrum technology with
the primary goal of increasing capacity.
Allows users to differentiate from one another by a unique code rather
than a frequency or time assignment.
A channel is a frequency
Each user on a different frequency.
A channel is a specific time slot on a specific frequency
Each users narrowband signal hops among discrete frequencies, and the
receiver follow in sequence.
It is not currently used in wireless systems, although used in the military.
Narrowband input from a user is coded by a user-unique broadband code,
and then transmitted.
Broadband signal is received; receiver knows applies users code,
recovers users data.
It is the method used in CDMA commercial systems.
It can be described as all the activities involved in selecting the sites for
the radio equipment, selecting the radio equipment, and configuring the
radio equipment.
It may be defined as an area of radio coverage from one BTS antenna
system.
It is served by a BTS with an antenna which transmits equally in all
directions (360).

Transmission Rate
ANSWERS
Gaussian Minimum Shift
Keying (GMSK)
Time Division Multiple
Access
8
Roaming
Hand off (or hand over)
Hard handoff
Soft handoff
Path Loss
Shadowing
Multipath Fading
Rayleigh Fading
17 cm.
Bit Error Rate
Channel Coding
Adaptive Multi Rate
(AMR)
Interleaving
Antenna Diversity
Polarization Diversity
Vertical/horizontal arrays
and 45 degree slant
orientation
Frequency Hopping
64
Baseband Hopping
Synthesizer Hopping
Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA)
Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA)
Frequency Division
Multiple Access (FDMA)
Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA)
Frequency Hopping
Spread Spectrum
Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum

Cell Planning
Cell
Omni directional Cell

It is used to gain coverage.

It is the area of coverage from an antenna, which transmits, in a given
direction only.
It is used to gain capacity.
It is a unit of measurement of traffic intensity.
It is the percentage of allowed congested calls and defines the quality of
the service.
It can be produced from the data compiled from traffic and coverage
analysis.
It is a software package designed to simplify the process of planning and
optimizing a cellular network.
It is defined as the ratio between the direct signal and the reflected signal.
It means that two radio channels within the same network can use exactly
the same pair of frequencies, provided that there is a sufficient
geographical distance between them so they will not interfere with each
other.
It is caused by the use of a frequency close to the exact same frequency.
The GSM specification recommends the carrier-to-interference ratio.
It is frequencies that shifted 200 kHz from the carrier frequency, must be
avoided in the same cell and preferably in neighboring cells also.
Groups of frequencies can be place together into patterns of cells.
These are performed for all proposed site locations.
These are performed to adjust the parameters used in the planning tool in
reality.
It is mounted on a vehicle, and signal strength is measured while driving
around the site area.
It provides the exact position of the measurements by utilizing satellites.
The feature of this divides the cell network into up to 8 layers.
This feature provides a way to increase the traffic capacity in a cellular
network without building new sites.
The main goal of this feature is to allow tighter re-use of BCCH carrier
frequencies.

Sector Cell
Erlang (E)
Grade of Service (GOS)
Nominal Cell Plan
Test Mobile System
(TEMS) Cell Planner
Carrier-to-reflection
Ratio
Frequency Re-use
Co-channel Interference
> 9dB
Adjacent Frequencies
Clusters
Site Surveys
Radio Measurements
Test Transmitter
GPS Receivers
Hierarchical Cell
Structures (HCS)
Overlaid/Underlaid
Subcells
BCCH in Overlaid
Subcell