- DAA3713 -

HYDRAULICS

Semester I Session 2007/2008

Lecturer:
Muhammad Bin Sulaiman @ 019 90 200 60
 Hydraulics

• Course Outline
1. Hydraulic Jump
2. Pipe Network
3. Pump

• Test 2 (1hrs) + Quiz 2

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 Hydraulic Jumps
• In open channel flow the fluid depth can
change very rapidly over a short distance.
This discontinuity is known as a hydraulic
jump.
• It occurs when there is a sudden transition
from supercritical (y1 < yc) to subcritical (y2 >
yc) flow.
– y1 is known as the initial depth and is < yc
(supercritical flow).
– y2 is known as the sequent depth and is > yc
(subcritical flow).

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 Examples of Hydraulic Jump

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 Examples of Hydraulic Jump
• Steep to Mild Slope

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 Examples of Hydraulic Jump
•

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 Derivation of Hydraulic Jump Equation

E1

v12 /2g E2
v22 /2g

To analyze the conditions in which a hydraulic jump could occur

we will do a momentum balance on a control volume.

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 Derivation of Hydraulic Jump Equation

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 Froude Number and Critical Depth
• Froude No.
F2 = Q2T/gA3

• For Critical Depth

F2 = Q2T/gA3 = 1

• Where
T = Top surface
A = Base x Depth
** T = Base for rectangular.

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 Derivation of hydraulic Jump Equation

Hj

E1 = y1 + v12 /2g

E2 = y2 + v22 /2g

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 Derivation of hydraulic Jump Equation

• The height of the jump (m):

Hj = y2-y1

• The energy loss in the jump (m):

EL = E1- E2= (y2-y1)3
4y1y2
E1 = y1 + v12/2g
E2 = y2 + v22/2g **always remember Q = v.A

• The power loss in the jump (kW):

PL = EL.Q.γ
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 Length of jump
Lj / y2 = f(F1)
» F1 < 5 then Lj/y2 from chart
» F1 >= 5 then Lj = 6.1*y2
Lj / y2
8
6
4
F1=5 and
2 Lj/y2 = 6.1
Froude
2 4 6

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 Example 1.1

• Hydraulic jump occurs in a rectangular

channel 3 m width. The water depth
before the jump is 0.6m and after the
jump is 1.6m. Compute
a) The flowrate in the channel
(Q=9.78m /s)
3 Page 127

b) Head Loss in the jump

(HL = 0.29m)
Page 127

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 Example 1.2

• Hydraulic jump occurs in a rectangular

channel 3 m width. The length of the
jump is 18.3m and height of the jump
is 3 m. Froude no before the jump is 6.
Compute
a) Depth before jump and after jump.(0.4&3m)
b) Flowrate
c) Energy before and after jump.
d) Prove that hydraulic jump occur.

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 Example 1.3

• A rectangular channel with 3m width,

carrying flowrate of 12m3/s from a
channel slope of 0.0150 to 0.00016.
Determine if there is a hydraulic jump.
(0.696m – 1.556m – 1.177m)

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 Example 1.4

• If 12 m2/sec of water per meter of

width flows down a spillway onto a
horizontal floor and the velocity is 20
m/sec, determine
a) The downstream depth required to
cause a hydraulic jump, (0.6m & 6.7m)
b) The loss in energy head, and
c) The losses in power by the jump per
meter of width.

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 Questions
• When/How it occur?
• Where?
• Height & Length of Jump ?
• Energy Loss and Power Loss?

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