Design of Reinforced Plastic Pips 1004 Rev.02

PAGE :
of 42
FIBERPIPE
BANDIRMA CCPP - TURKEY

COOLING WATER PIPING
ISSUED FOR INFORMATION
31/07/09
GG
LT
LS
05/05/09
GG
LT
LS
10/04/09
GG
LT
LS
REV.NO
REASON FOR ISSUE
CLIENT:
DATE OF
ISSUE
PREPARED BY CHECKED
BY
APPROVED BY APPR. BY
CLIENT
DOCUMENT TITLE:
DESIGN OF REINFORCED PLASTIC PIPES

according BS7159 & AWWA M45
ORIGINATOR:
CLIENT
PROJECT NO.:
SDRL CODE:
SUPPLIER PROJECT
NUMBER:
09/004
SUPPLIER DOCUMENT
NUMBER:
09/004-CI-0001
Societ a Socio Unico

VETRORESINA ENGINIA GROUP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Design Basis
Item List
Tested Modulus of Elasticity for Filament Wound Pipes
Resin Characteristics
Minimum Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Laminate Layers
Unit Thickness
General
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
Factors for Design

Conditions for Design
Fluid Characteristics
Resin Characteristics
Glass Characteristics
Construction of Chemical Barrier
Construction of Top Coat
8. Pipe
8.1
8.2
8.3
Pipe Input Data

Pipe Output Data
Construction of Mechanical Reinforcement
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
Design Calculation for Pipes subjected to Internal Pressure and Bending Moments
Design Calculation for Pipe subjected to Vacuum
Design Calculation for Pipe with Specified Stiffness
Buried Pipe
9. Butt Joint
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
Butt Joint Input Data

Butt Joint Output Data
Design Calculation
Mechanical Properties
10. Flange
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
Flange Input Data

Flange Output Data
Calculation Parameters
Operating conditions
Bolting up conditions
Results
11. Elbow
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
Elbow Input Data

Elbow Output Data
Design Calculation for Elbows subjected to Internal Pressure and Bending Moments
Design Calculation for Elbows subjected to Vacuum
Design Calculation for Elbows with Specified Stiffness
12. Tee
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
Tee Input Data

Tee Output Data
Design Calculation for Tee subjected to Internal Pressure
Compensation Design
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
2/42

13. Reducer
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
Reducer Input Data

Reducer Output Data
Design Calculation for Reducer subjected to Internal Pressure
Design Calculation for Reducer subjected to Vacuum
Design Calculation for Reducer with Specified Stiffness
14. Cap
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
Cap Input Data

Cap Output Data
Design Calculation for Caps subjected to Internal Pressure
Design Calculation for Caps subjected to Vacuum
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
3/42

1. Design Basis
The design of pipes and fittings is basec on rules according to BS7159 and BS6464.
This standards includes a method of calculation for an appropriate laminate construction
based on the allowable unit loading and unit modulus for the type of composite concerned.

2. Item List
ITEM
T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
T80
T600
T300
Nominal Diameter
[mm]
2400
2000
1600
500
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
80
600
300
Design Pressure
[bar]
6,2
6,2
6,2
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
7,5
pW
Operating pressure
[bar]
4,3
4,3
4,3
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
5,5
Maximum Design
Temperature
[C]
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
pe
Design Vacuum
[bar]
0,4
0,9
0,4
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,4
0,4
Content Specific Gravity
[kg/dm3]
tl
Liner Thickness
[mm]
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
ttc
Top Coat Thickness
[mm]
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
Reinforc
ement
Reinforc
ement
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
ND
Proposed resin
Choosen resin
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
polyester
polyester
polyester
polyester
polyester
polyester
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
polyester
polyester
polyester
polyester
polyester
polyester
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
isopthalic
vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT vinyleser LT
Proposed resin
liner
Choosen resin
liner
Allowable Design strain
[mm/mm
]
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
Short Term Failure Stress
[Mpa]
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
Short Term Failure Strain
[mm/mm
]
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,013
SFST
Short Term Safety Factor
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
5/42

3. Tested Modulus of Elasticity for Filament Wound Pipes

Winding angle
ELAM ta
ELAM tc
G12
v12
v21
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
55
65
70
75
12500
9000
24000
27000
10730
0,3
0,55
10730
ww
0,3
0,5
4. Resin Characteristics
HDT
Relative density
kg/dm3
isopthalic
polyester
105
1,12
vinylester MTvinylester MHT vinylester HT

125
145
180
1,15
1,15
1,15
5. Minimum Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Laminate Layers

(Table 2 BS6464:1984)
Lap
shear
strenght
Specific gravity
(see B.5
of
BS6464:
Chopped Strand Mat

Woven Roving
Continuous Rovings
Unit modulus X
Ultimate tensile
(see B.4 of
unit strenght u
BS6464:1984)
(see B.3 of
BS6464:1984)
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
(width per kg/m2
glass)
(width per kg/m2 glass)
200
15898
5
250
17278
5
500
28000
5
Unidirectional Roving
Mortar
3500
Poisson's
Modulus
Poisson's
Modulus
kg/dm3
v12
v21
1,5
1,7
1,9
1,7
1,12
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,01
0,01
0,3
6. Unit Thickness
(fig.2 BS6464:1984)
CSM Percentage Glass Content by Mass

WR & UR Percentage Glass Content by Mass
CR Percentage Glass Content by Mass
mgcsm
mgwr
mgcs
35
56
75
CSM Thickness
tcsm
(100 mg CSM )
1
+
2,56
(mg CSM d R ) 2,05
WR & UR Thickness
twr
1
(100 mgWR )
+
(mgWR d R ) 1,10
2,56
CR Thickness
tcr
1 (100 mgCR)
+
2,56 (mgCRdR )
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
0,69
%
%
%
mm per
kg/m2 glass
mm per
kg/m2 glass
mm per
kg/m2 glass
6/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
mm/mm
mm/mm
mm/mm
mm/mm
mm/mm
mm/mm
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,002
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,0020
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,0020
C
MPa
MPa
MPa
cycles
60
0,62
0,43
0,04
1000
60
0,62
0,43
0,09
1000
60
0,62
0,43
0,04
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
m/s
Pa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
as
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
kg/dm3
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
polyester
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
polyester
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
7. General
7.1. Factors for Design
(par. 14.4.1 BS6464:1984)
Design Factor
Factor relating to Method of Manufacture
Factor Relating to Long Term Behaviour
Factor relating to Temperature
Factor relating to Cyclic Loading
Factor relating to Curing Procedure
Resin Strain Failure
Allowable Resin Strain
Chopped Strand Mat Allowable Strain
Woven Roving Allowable Strain
Continuous Roving
Allowable Design Strain
K
k1
k2
k3
k4
k5
R
=3k1k2k3k4k5
=min(Rx0,1;0,0020)
=uCSM/(XCSMK)
=uWR/(XWRK)
=uCR/(XCRK)
=min(;CSM;WR;CR)
CSM
WR
CS
d
7.2. Conditions for Design

Design Temperature
Design Pressure
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Number of cycles expected in lifetime
Wind Conditions
Wind Speed
Wind Dynamic Pressure
Seismic Conditions
Equivalent Acceleration
T
p
pW
pe
N
VS
qs
=0,613VS2
7.3. Fluid Characteristics

Fluid
Specific Gravity
7.4. Resin Characteristics
Liner Resin
HDT Liner Resin
Relative Density of Liner Resin
C
dl
Mechanical Reinforcement Resin

HDT Mechanical Reinforcement Resin
Relative Density of Mechanical Reinforcement
Resin
C
dmr
7.5. Glass Characteristics

Surface Veil
Chopped Strand Mat (CSM)
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
7/42

Roving (CR)
Woven Roving (WR)
Unidirectional Roving (UR)
T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
7.6. Construction of Chemical Barrier
Adivised Chemical Barrier

Thickness
mm
[C veil tissue /
800 kg/m2
1,65
mm
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM]
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
7.7. Construction of Top Coat

Used Top Coat Barrier
Thickness
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
8/42

T100
T80
T600
T300
7. General
7.1. Factors for Design
(par. 14.4.1 BS6464:1984)
Design Factor
Factor relating to Method of Manufacture
Factor Relating to Long Term Behaviour
Factor relating to Temperature
Factor relating to Cyclic Loading
Factor relating to Curing Procedure
Resin Strain Failure
Allowable Resin Strain
Chopped Strand Mat Allowable Strain
Woven Roving Allowable Strain
Continuous Roving
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,0020
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,0020
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,0020
1,5
1,2
1,0
1,1
1,1
0,035
0,0020
0,0020
0,0023
0,0028
0,0020
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,06
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,04
1000
60
0,75
0,55
0,04
1000
33
680
33
680
33
680
33
680
as
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
water
1
water
1
water
1
water
1
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
1,12
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
105
1,12
isopthalic
vinyleser LT
105
1,12
1,12
1,12
1,12
K
k1
k2
k3
k4
k5
R
CSM
WR
CS
d
=3k1k2k3k4k5
=min(Rx0,1;0,0020)
=uCSM/(XCSMK)
=uWR/(XWRK)
=uCR/(XCRK)
=min(;CSM;WR;CR)
7.2. Conditions for Design

Design Temperature
Design Pressure
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Number of cycles expected in lifetime
Wind Conditions
Wind Speed
Wind Dynamic Pressure
Seismic Conditions
Equivalent Acceleration
T
p
pW
pe
N
VS
qs
=0,613VS2
7.3. Fluid Characteristics

Fluid
Specific Gravity
7.4. Resin Characteristics
Liner Resin
HDT Liner Resin
Relative Density of Liner Resin
dl
Mechanical Reinforcement Resin

HDT Mechanical Reinforcement Resin
Relative Density of Mechanical Reinforcement
Resin
dmr
7.5. Glass Characteristics

Surface Veil
Chopped Strand Mat (CSM)
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
9/42

Roving (CR)
Woven Roving (WR)
Unidirectional Roving (UR)
T100
T80
T600
T300
7.6. Construction of Chemical Barrier
Adivised Chemical Barrier

Thickness
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
[C veil tissue /
800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM] 800 kg/m2 CSM]
1,65
1,65
1,65
1,65
7.7. Construction of Top Coat

Used Top Coat Barrier
Thickness
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
[C veil tissue]
0,2
10/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
Horizontal
Horizontal
Simply
Supported
Horizontal
Simply
Supported
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Buried
Buried
Buried
Buried
Buried
Buried
Buried
Buried
8. Pipe
8.1 Pipe Input Data
Geometrical Input
Configuration
Type of Support
Nominal Bore
Buried
ND
mm
2400
2000
1600
500
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
mm
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
11200
Lmax
mm
15430
13117
Maximum Deflection
mm
0,00
0,00
0,00
Assumed Distance between Supports / Pipe Lenght
mm
Distance between Joints

Maximum Distance between Supports to limite deflection to
1/300 of the span
Minimum Width of Support
mm
268
245
219
122
110
102
95
87
77
67
55
Coefficient of thermal expansion
1/C
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
Internal Loads
p
N/mm2
0,62
0,62
0,62
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
Design Vacuum
pe
N/mm
0,04
0,09
0,04
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
Operating pressure
pW
N/mm2
0,43
0,43
0,43
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
Design Pressure
8.2 Pipe Output Data

Pipe Thickness
Pipe Mechanical Reinforcement Thickness
tr
mm
19,3
16,9
13,3
7,0
7,0
5,6
5,6
4,2
4,2
2,8
2,8
Internal Liner Thickness
tl
mm
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
Top Coat Thickness
ttc
mm
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
Pipe Total Thickness
tt
=tr+tl+ttc
mm
21,1
18,8
15,1
8,8
8,8
7,4
7,4
6,0
6,0
4,6
4,6
Pipe Structural Diameter
=ND+2tl
mm
2403,3
2003,3
1603,3
503,3
403,3
353,3
303,3
253,3
203,3
153,3
103,3
Pipe Outside Diameter
Do
=ND+2tt
mm
2442,2
2037,6
1630,3
517,6
417,6
364,8
314,8
262,1
212,1
159,3
109,3
Mean Pipe Diameter
Dm
=ND+tt
mm
2421,1
2018,8
1615,1
508,8
408,8
357,4
307,4
256,0
206,0
154,6
104,6
Pipe mechanical reinforcement specific gravity
SGP
=SGiti/tr
kg/dm3
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
Weights
Stiffener Ring Weight
W SR
72,9
81,1
38,4
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Pipe Diameters
Pipe Specific Gravity
Pipe Mechanical Reinforcement Weight

Pipe Mechanical Reinforcement + Stiffeners Rings Weight
O+d3+d4)(2A22+2A33+Akg/m
WR
=Dtrr
kg/m
276,2
202,6
127,1
20,9
16,8
11,8
10,1
6,3
5,1
2,5
1,7
W R+SR
=W SR+W R
kg/m
349,0
283,6
165,5
20,9
16,8
11,8
10,1
6,3
5,1
2,5
1,7
0,8
Pipe Liner Weight
WL
=NDtll
kg/m
18,7
15,6
12,4
3,9
3,1
2,7
2,3
1,9
1,6
1,2
Pipe Top Coat Weight
W TC
=(DO-2ttc)ttctc
kg/m
1,7
1,4
1,1
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
Pipe Total Weight
WT
WC
=W R+SR+W L+W TC
kg/m
369,4
300,6
179,1
25,2
20,2
14,7
12,6
8,4
6,8
3,8
2,6
=((ND2)tll)/4
kg/m
4523,9
3141,6
2010,6
196,3
125,7
96,2
70,7
49,1
31,4
17,7
7,9
2051
2051
2051
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
Weight of Contents
8.3 Construction of Mechanical Reinforcement
Continuous Cross Roving Grammature
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
g/m2
11/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
Continuous Cross Roving Angle

Longitudinal Unit Modulus
XLAMa
N/mm
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
Circumferential Unit Modulus
XLAMc
N/mm
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
16518
Poisson Modulus for Continuous Cross Roving
vac
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,30
vca
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
g/m2
840
840
4
2,3
0
0,0
1
0,6
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
0
0,0
CSM-Chopped Strand Mat

UR-Unidirectional Roving
WR-Woven Roving
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving
CCR-Continuous Cross Roving
CPR Grammature
CPR Layers
CPR Thickness
mm
CPR Neutral Axis
mm
8,47
0,00
6,35
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
CPR Momet of Inertia
mm3
215,2967625
25,51469998
g/m
2051
2051
2051
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
2024
12
16,939
9
12,7
5
7,0
5
7,0
4
5,6
4
5,6
3
4,2
3
4,2
2
2,8
2
2,8
-0,29
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
CRR Grammature
CRR Layers
CRR Thickness
mm
12
16,9
CRR Neutral Axis
mm
-1,16
0,00
CRR Momet of Inertia
mm
405,0296953
405,0296953
Total Mechanical Reinforcement thickness
mm
19,3
16,9
13,3
7,0
7,0
5,6
5,6
4,2
4,2
2,8
2,8
Mechanical Reinforcement Neutral Axis
mm
-1,1563
0,0000
-0,2891
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
170,8719027 28,15708446 28,15708446 14,41642724 14,41642724 6,081930243 6,081930243 1,802053405 1,802053405
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
OK!>2 mm
[//
[///
[///
[///
[///
[///
[///
[///
[///
[//
[///
/1xcpr840/9xc
/5xccr2024/ / / /5xccr2024/ / / /4xccr2024/ / / /4xccr2024/ / / /3xccr2024/ / / /3xccr2024/ / / /2xccr2024/ / / /2xccr2024/ / /
/4xcpr840/12xc /12xccr2051/ /
cr2051/ / / / / /
cr2051/ / / / / / ]
////]
///]
///]
///]
///]
///]
///]
///]
///]
]
Mechanical Reinforcement Laminate Sequence

8.4 Design Calculation for Pipes subjected to Internal Pressure and Bending Moments
Loads on pipe
Axial Unit Load(pressure)
Qap
Axial Unit Load(moments)
Qam
Axial Unit Load (pressure and bending moments)
Qa
Circumferential Unit Load (pressure)
Qcp
Circumferential Unit Load (deflection)
Qcm
Circumferential Unit Load (pressure and deflection)
Qc
=Qcp+Qcm
Qac
=FC/(ND)
=Dp/4
N/mm
=MD/(D2)+Ft/(D) N/mm
=Qap+Qam
N/mm
=Dp/2
311
249
94
76
66
57
47
38
29
19
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
373
311
249
94
76
66
57
47
38
29
19
745,0
621,0
497,0
188,7
151,2
132,5
113,7
95,0
76,2
57,5
38,7
N/mm
298,1
0,0
0,0
130,8
120,3
89,1
77,6
74,1
68,2
51,1
50,0
N/mm
1043,1
621,0
497,0
319,5
271,5
221,6
191,4
169,0
144,4
108,6
88,8
N/mm
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
N/mm
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
=0,6trXLAMa/(SF*ND) N/mm
=1,3QP
N/mm
256
260
194
176
220
161
188
127
158
94
141
332
338
252
229
286
209
244
165
206
122
183
2389293716
2248501179
1489774314
861020966
1017879192
680993031
764456468
458803304
542386719
270276176
366333142
Shear
Compressive Load
N/mm
373
Buckling
Permissibile Axial Compressive Load to prevent buckling
Qp
Permissibile Bending Load to prevent buckling
Qm
Permissibile Shear Load to prevent buckling
Qs
Safety Factor for Buckling
SF
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=1,169trXLAMa(tr/ND5)1/
4
(ND/L)1/2/SF
N/mm
12/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
=abs(Qac/Qp)+abs(Qam
Interaction Criterion for Buckling
/Qm)+(S/Qs)2
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
211738
160827
87063
87063
69650
69650
52238
52238
34825
34825
XLAMa
=(Ximini)a
N/mm
219832
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
XLAMc
=(Ximini)c
N/mm
500618
406538
328423
167161
167161
133729
133729
100296
100296
66864
66864
Longitudinal Tensile Modulus of the Laminate
ELAMta
=XLAMa/tr
N/mm2
11419
12500
12108
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
Circumferential Tensile Modulus of the Laminate
ELAMtc
=XLAMc/tr
N/mm2
26004
24000
24726
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
Longitudinal Flexural Modulus of the Laminate
ELAMfa
=(EiIi/Ii)a
N/mm
9376
12500
11331
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
12500
Circumferential Flexural Modulus of the Laminate
ELAMfc
=(EiIi/Ii)c
N/mm2
29790
24000
26167
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
24000
Laminate Design Longitudinal Unit Loading
ULAMa
=XLAMad
N/mm
439,2
423,1
321,3
174,0
174,0
139,2
139,2
104,4
104,4
69,6
69,6
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
Laminate Design Circumferential Unit Loading
ULAMc
=XLAMcd
N/mm
1000,2
812,3
656,2
334,0
334,0
267,2
267,2
200,4
200,4
133,6
133,6
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
ca
=ULAMa / tr
N/mm2
23
25
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Axial Stress Capacity

Axial Stress (pressure)
Axial Stress (moments)
ap
am
=(pWD/4) / tr
=Qastr
Residual Axial Stress (thermal effects)
ar
=ca-ap-am
Circumferential Stress Capacity
cc
=ULAMc / tr
Circumferential Stress (pressure)

Circumferential Stress (deflection)
Residual Circumferential Stress
cp
=(pWD/2) / tr
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
cm
cr
=cc-cp-cm
N/mm2
13
13
13
10
59%
51%
54%
40%
32%
35%
30%
33%
27%
30%
20%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
12
11
15
17
16
17
17
18
17
20
41%
49%
46%
60%
68%
65%
70%
67%
73%
70%
80%
52
48
49
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
27
25
26
20
16
17
15
17
13
15
10
52%
53%
53%
41%
33%
36%
31%
35%
28%
32%
21%
15,5
0,0
0,0
18,8
17,3
16,0
13,9
17,7
16,3
18,3
18,0
30%
0%
0%
39%
36%
33%
29%
37%
34%
38%
37%
9,6
22,5
23,5
9,3
14,8
14,5
19,0
13,6
18,3
14,5
19,8
19%
47%
47%
19%
31%
30%
40%
28%
38%
30%
41%
Poisson Modulus
vac
=(miniXivi/nimiXi)ac
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,30
0,30
0,30
Poisson Modulus
vca
=(miniXivi/nimiXi)ca
0,45
0,55
0,51
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,550
0,550
0,550
Axial Strain (pressure)
ap
=ap/ELAMta-vcacp/ELAMtc mm/mm
0,00071
0,00043
0,00054
0,00034
0,00027
0,00030
0,00026
0,00028
0,00023
0,00026
0,00017
Axial Strain (moments)
am
=am/ELAMfa-vcacm/ELAMfc mm/mm
-0,00023
0,00000
0,00000
-0,00043
-0,00040
-0,00037
-0,00032
-0,00041
-0,00037
-0,00042
-0,00041
Circumferential Strain (pressure)
cp
=cp/ELAMtc-vacap/ELAMta mm/mm
0,00068
0,00075
0,00073
0,00059
0,00047
0,00052
0,00044
0,00049
0,00040
0,00045
0,00030
Circumferential Strain (deflection)
cm
=cm/ELAMfc-vacam/ELAMfa mm/mm
0,00052
0,00000
0,00000
0,00078
0,00072
0,00067
0,00058
0,00074
0,00068
0,00076
0,00075
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
8.5 Design Calculation for Pipe subjected to Vacuum

Pipe without Stiffening Rings
Safety Factor
SF
Minimum Wall Thickness
tm
Minimum Stiffeness
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=(ND+2tr)(SFpet/2ELAMt
c)
0,33
mm
=ELAMfc(tm3/12)/(ND+tr)3 Pa
30,3
35,5
21,1
7,8
6,3
5,5
4,7
3,9
3,2
2,4
1,6
Buckling,
increase t or
use ribs
Buckling,
increase t or
use ribs
Buckling,
increase t or
use ribs
Buckling,
increase t or
use ribs
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
4808
10574
4801
7353
7501
7437
7551
7471
7651
7551
8063
13/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
8779
3433
6059
4396
6081
4271
5341
3439
4748
2671
4713
2240
2000
2000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Pipe with Stiffening Rings - Fixed Distance between Rings

Maximum Distance between Stiffening Rings
Jmax
=(250Xlamc/(SFpet))(td/(ND+2tmm
Choosen Distance between Stiffening Rings
mm
Outside Sructural Diameter
Do
mm
2439
2034
1627
514
414
361
311
258
208
156
106
tm=Do(0,4SFpetJ/(ElamtcDo))^0,4
mm
11,15
13,65
8,53
3,85
3,38
3,12
2,85
2,55
2,24
1,88
1,50
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
=ND+2tr
Shell with Stiffening Rings - Fixed Laminated Thickness

Stiffness factor of the Stiffening Ring
Diameter of Neutral Axis of Stiffening Ring
EI
=0,18(ND+2tt)JDs2pet mm4
1,48735E+11
1,76369E+11 39610468650 883154784,4 458371862,6 305289894,3 194251990,7 111603590,9 58077682,13 24281498,84
7558891,9
Increase t,
Increase t,
Increase t,
Increase t,
Increase t,
Increase t,
Increase t,
Increase t,
ridesign rib or ridesign rib or ridesign rib or ridesign rib or ridesign rib or ridesign rib or ridesign rib or ridesign rib or
approach ribs approach ribs approach ribs approach ribs approach ribs approach ribs approach ribs approach ribs
OK!<EiIi
OK!<EiIi
OK!<EiIi
mm
2471,6
2079,2
1652,8
Ei
N/mm2
40683
40683
40683
bi
mm
250
250
250
Ds
=ND+2y
507,0
407,0
355,6
305,6
254,2
204,2
152,8
102,8
Construction of Stiffening Ring

Section 4 Hoop Modulus of Elasticity
Dimension (see fig.)
di
Section Area
Ai
Section Neutral Axis
yi
Section Moment of Inertia
Ii
Section Stiffness Factor
Rib Hoop Modulus of Elasticity

mm
44
52
31
mm2
11000
13000
7750
mm
41
43
29
5,57202381
5,57202381
mm4
2,102E+06
3,074E+06
6,653E+05
EiIi
Nmm
8,550E+10
1,250E+11
2,706E+10
EiAi
4,475E+08
5,289E+08
3,153E+08
Nmm
1,846E+10
2,271E+10
9,075E+09
=bidi3/12+Ai(y-yi)2
EiAiyi
Ei
di
Section Area
Ai
yi
Ii
6,965029762 6,965029762
4,179017857 4,179017857 2,786011905 2,786011905
N/mm2
mm
bi
=bidi
40683,24324 40683,24324 40683,24324 40683,24324 40683,24324 40683,24324 40683,24324 40683,24324
mm
=bidi
mm2
mm
36
40
26
3,482514881 3,482514881 2,786011905 2,786011905 2,089508929 2,089508929 1,393005952 1,393005952
mm4
4,341E+06
5,416E+06
1,257E+06
1263,462758 1133,897814 485,0266707 450,2006712 149,8824552 134,5999625 28,13754195 23,17900709
EiIi
Nmm
1,522E+11
1,813E+11
4,256E+10
30323106,2
EiAi
5,407E+08
5,855E+08
3,536E+08
7500824,081 6731633,342 4499167,698 4176117,398 2471694,735 2219672,864 1044029,349
860045,406
Nmm
1,936E+10
2,319E+10
9,329E+09
26121731,48 23443013,29 12534734,77 11634712,79 5164628,217 4638026,268 1454339,098
1198048,37
EiAiyi
=bidi3/12+Ai(y-yi)2
27213547,54
11640640,1
10804816,11 3597178,924 3230399,099 675301,0069 556296,1702
Fig.1 - General Stiffening Rib Configuration
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
14/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
8.6 Design Calculation for Pipe with Specified Stiffness

Pipe without Stiffening Rings Stiffness
=ELAMfc(tt3/12)/Dm3
Pipe without Stiffening Rings Stiffness Factor
EI
=ELAMfc(tt3/12)
Stiffening Ring Stiffness
SR
=EiIi/(Ds3BR)
Stiffening Ring Cooperating Lenght
BR
=b1+2b2+1,73d3+b4
Pa
1251
1185
1217
5186
10026
7696
12126
8889
17148
12126
39827
17712951
9720713
5109905
675770
675770
345994
345994
145966
145966
43249
43249
Pa
24441
51814
26169
5186
10026
7696
12126
8889
17148
12126
39827
mm
413
389
360
45
40
34
31
25
22
16
13
mm
2240
2000
2000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Pa
5522
11037
5711
5186
10026
7696
12126
8889
17148
12126
39827
78181345
90561620
23981211
675770
675770
345994
345994
145966
145966
43249
43249
18
22
14
Nmm
Stiffening Rings
Distance between Stiffening Rings

Pipe with Stiffening Rings
Pipe with Stiffening Rings Mean Stiffness
=S(J-BR)/J+SRBR/J
Pipe with Stiffening Rings Stiffness Factor
EI
=SDm3
Neutrl Axis of pipe with Stiffening Rings
Nmm
mm
OK! Rib close

Rib is too
Rib is too
OK! Rib close OK! Rib close OK! Rib close OK! Rib close OK! Rib close OK! Rib close OK! Rib close OK! Rib close
to External
high, Increase high, Increase to External
to External
to External
to External
to External
to External
to External
to External
8.7 Buried Pipe
(according AWWA M45)
Geometrical Input
Height of Solil above Top of the Pipe
Height of Water above top of Pipe
Minimum Trench Width
Trench Width
Specific Weight of the Soil
Specific Weight of the Water
mm
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
HW
mm
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
mm
3358
2852
2343
952
827
761
699
633
570
504
442
mm
3500
4000
4000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,9
1,9
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
blows/ft
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
>0-1
kg/cm2
N/mm2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
20,68
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
BdMIN
=1,25Do+305
Bd
kg/dm3
SGS
kg/dm
SGW
Special Installation Case

Native Soil
see table 5-6 pag.51
Type of Soil
Granular Soil Standard Penetration Resistance
Unconfined Compression Strenght
Native Modulus of Soil Reaction
UCS
E'n
Soil Description
Foundation Bedding
Soil Classification Group Name
Soil Type
Pipe Zone Embedment Soil Stiffness Category
Equivalent Bedding Angle
Proctor
Bedding Coefficient (Degree of Support Provided by the Soil)
Pipe Zone Embedment
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
KX
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
>95%
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
0,083
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
15/42

Soil Type
Proctor
Backfill soil modulus
E'b
Modulus of Soil Reaction
E'
WC
T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Silty sand,
fines>12%
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
SC3
85%
85%
85%
85%
85%
85-95%
85-95%
85-95%
85-95%
85-95%
85-95%
2
see table 5-4 pag.48 N/mm
6,9
2,8
2,8
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
=ScE'b
N/mm2
6,9
4,8
4,8
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
=H*SGS
N/mm2
0,022
0,022
0,022
0,022
0,022
0,022
0,022
0,022
0,023
0,023
0,023
0,01
0,02
0,01
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
External Loads
Vertical Soil Load on Pipe
Live Load on Pipe
WL
N/mm
Axles Number
na
Wheels per Axle
nw
Distance between axles
La
mm
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
Distance between wheels in an axle
Lw
mm
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
Pipe Cover depth
mm
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
Trench width
Bd
mm
3500
4000
4000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
mm
1680
1680
1680
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Backfill Soil Slip Angle

Acting Transversal Lenght
sigma
X
Acting Axles
naa
Acting Wheels per Axle
nwa
Total Acting Wheels
Nwa
Total Acting Area
Awa
mm2
Maximum Live Load on Pipe
WL
N/mm2
Total Acting Force
Pt
Wheel Acting Force
Pw
tons
Axle Acting Force
Pa
tons
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
5344821
5344821
5344821
2824074
2824074
2824074
2824074
2824074
2824074
2824074
2824074
0,01
0,02
0,01
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
62311
103544
74928
31155
51772
37464
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
10
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
16/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
Fig.2 - General truck Configuration and Distribution of Live Loads on Pipe
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
17/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
Pipe Deflection
Deflection Lag Factor to compensate for the time-consolidation
rate of the soil
DL
Installation Conditions
Ka
Initial Conditions
Da
Vertical Deflection
Dy/Dm
mm/mm
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,017
0,018
0,010
0,009
0,007
0,007
0,007
0,006
0,007
0,005
( D LW C + W L ) k X ( D m / 2) 3
mm/mm + D a0,013
EI + 0 .061k a E ' ( D m / 2) 3
OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than
5%
5%
5%
5%
OK! Less
than 5%
OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
Strain due to Deflection

Shape Factor relate Pipe Deflection to Bending Strain
Df
Rerounding coefficient
rC
cm
(1-pW)/3
=Dfrc(Dy/Dm)(tt/Dm)
0,86
0,86
0,86
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
0,82
Strain
mm/mm
0,00052
0,00061
0,00080
0,00078
0,00072
0,00067
0,00058
0,00074
0,00068
0,00076
0,00075
Stress
cs
=cmELAMfc
N/mm2
15,5
14,6
20,8
18,8
17,3
16,0
13,9
17,7
16,3
18,3
18,0
Allowable Buckling pressure
5,5
4,5
5,5
5,5
4,5
5,5
4,5
5,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
see par. 5.7.5 pag.52
Water Buoyancy Factor
RW
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
Empirical Coefficient of Elastic Support
B'
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
Design Factor
FS
Allowable Buckling Pressure
qa
Number of Lobes formed at Buckling
N/mm2
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
30,43
22,24
13,51
0,15
0,29
0,22
0,35
0,26
0,49
0,35
1,14
2,5
785,5
1216,8
1591,8
2151,7
3102,3
4790,7
8504,2
18573,5
1,4
1,6
Typical Pipe Installation Conditions
N/mm2
0,07
OK! Less than
qa
0,12
OK! Less
than0 qa
0,07
0,09
OK! Less than OK! Less than
qa
qa
0,09
OK! Less
than qa
0,09
0,09
0,09
0,09
0,09
0,09
qa
qa
qa
qa
qa
qa
Live Load Conditions
N/mm2
0,04
0,05
0,04
0,03
OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than OK! Less than
qa
qa
qa
qa
0,03
OK! Less
than qa
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
qa
qa
qa
qa
qa
qa
Buoyancy
Uplift Force
FUP
=(Do2/4)SGW
N/mm
46,8
32,6
20,9
2,1
1,4
1,0
0,8
0,5
0,4
0,2
0,1
Soil Weight above the Pipe
WS
=DOSGSRWH
N/mm
35,3
29,5
23,6
7,5
6,0
5,3
4,6
3,8
3,2
2,4
1,7
Water Weight inside the Pipe
WW
N/mm
45,2
31,4
20,1
2,0
1,3
1,0
0,7
0,5
0,3
0,2
0,1
Pipe Weight
WP
N/mm
3,7
3,0
1,8
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
N/mm
84,3
63,9
45,5
9,7
7,5
6,4
5,4
4,4
3,6
2,6
1,8
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
39,0
32,5
25,4
7,7
6,2
5,4
4,7
3,9
3,3
2,5
1,7
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
OK! No
Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe
Safety Factor
SF
W P+W W+W S
W P+W S
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=(ND /4)C
N/mm
18/42

T80
T600
T300
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Buried
Encastr
Encastr
8. Pipe
8.1 Pipe Input Data
Geometrical Input
Configuration
Type of Support
Nominal Bore
ND
80
600
300
11200
11200
11200
Lmax
13131
7701
Maximum Deflection
0,00
0,00
0,00
Assumed Distance between Supports / Pipe Lenght
Distance between Joints

Maximum Distance between Supports to limite deflection to
1/300 of the span
Minimum Width of Support

Coefficient of thermal expansion
49
134
95
1,8E-05
1,8E-05
2,5E-05
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
0,75
0,75
0,75
Design Vacuum
pe
0,06
0,04
0,04
Operating pressure
pW
0,55
0,55
0,55
Pipe Mechanical Reinforcement Thickness
tr
2,8
7,5
3,4
tl
1,7
1,7
1,7
Top Coat Thickness
ttc
0,2
0,2
0,2
Pipe Total Thickness
tt
=tr+tl+ttc
4,6
9,4
5,2
=ND+2tl
83
603
303
Do
=ND+2tt
89
619
310
Mean Pipe Diameter
Dm
=ND+tt
85
609
305
Pipe mechanical reinforcement specific gravity
SGP
=SGiti/tr
1,9
1,9
1,9
Weights
Stiffener Ring Weight
W SR
O+d3+d4)(2A22+2A33+A
0,0
0,0
0,0
WR
=Dtrr
27
W R+SR
=W SR+W R
27
8.2 Pipe Output Data

Pipe Thickness
Pipe Diameters
Pipe Specific Gravity
Pipe Mechanical Reinforcement Weight

Pipe Mechanical Reinforcement + Stiffeners Rings Weight
Pipe Liner Weight
WL
=NDtll
Pipe Top Coat Weight
W TC
=(DO-2ttc)ttctc
0,1
Pipe Total Weight
WT
WC
=W R+SR+W L+W TC
2,1
32
5,0
283
71
2024
2024
2024
Weight of Contents
=((ND )tll)/4
8.3 Construction of Mechanical Reinforcement

Continuous Cross Roving Grammature
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
19/42

T80
T600
T300
Continuous Cross Roving Angle

XLAMa
55
8603
55
8603
55
8603
XLAMc
16518
16518
16518
vac
0,30
0,30
0,30
vca
0,55
0,55
0,55
829
829
CPR Thickness
0
0,0
1
0,6
1
0,6
CPR Neutral Axis
0,00
3,48
1,39
CPR Momet of Inertia
CSM-Chopped Strand Mat

UR-Unidirectional Roving
WR-Woven Roving
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving
CCR-Continuous Cross Roving
CPR Grammature
CPR Layers
CRR Grammature
CRR Layers
8,11521343 1,62252061
2024
2024
2024
5
7,0
2
2,8
-0,29
-0,29
CRR Thickness
2
2,8
CRR Neutral Axis
0,00
CRR Momet of Inertia
Total Mechanical Reinforcement thickness
2,8
7,5
3,4
Mechanical Reinforcement Neutral Axis
0,0000
-0,2853
-0,2853
1,802053405 28,1570845 1,80205341
OK!>2 mm OK!>2 mm OK!>2 mm

[//
[//
[///
/1xcpr829/5x /1xcpr829/2x
/2xccr2024/ /
ccr2024/ / / / ccr2024/ / / /
////]
//]
//]

8.4 Design Calculation for Pipes subjected to Internal Pressure and Bending Moments
Loads on pipe
Axial Unit Load(pressure)
Qap
=Dp/4
16
113
57
Axial Unit Load(moments)
Qam
=MD/(D2)+Ft/(D)
0,0
0,0
0,0
Qa
=Qap+Qam
16
113
57
Qcp
=Dp/2
31,2
226,2
113,7
Circumferential Unit Load (deflection)
Qcm
Circumferential Unit Load (pressure and deflection)
Qc
=Qcp+Qcm
Qac
=FC/(ND)
Permissibile Axial Compressive Load to prevent buckling
Qp
Permissibile Bending Load to prevent buckling
Qm
46,7
0,0
0,0
77,9
226,2
113,7
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
=0,6trXLAMa/(SF*ND)
176
162
60
=1,3QP
229
211
78
433070619
847654763
214482086
Shear
Compressive Load
Buckling
Permissibile Shear Load to prevent buckling
Qs
Safety Factor for Buckling
SF
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=1,169trXLAMa(tr/ND5)1/
4
(ND/L)1/2/SF
20/42

T80
T600
T300
=abs(Qac/Qp)+abs(Qam
Interaction Criterion for Buckling
/Qm)+(S/Qs)2
0,00
0,00
0,00
OK!<1
OK!<1
OK!<1
89060
36822
XLAMa
=(Ximini)a
34825
OK!
OK!
OK!
XLAMc
=(Ximini)c
66864
190373
90076
ELAMta
=XLAMa/tr
12500
11819
10970
ELAMtc
=XLAMc/tr
24000
25263
26836
Longitudinal Flexural Modulus of the Laminate
ELAMfa
=(EiIi/Ii)a
12500
10486
8236
Circumferential Flexural Modulus of the Laminate
ELAMfc
=(EiIi/Ii)c
24000
27733
31904
ULAMa
=XLAMad
69,6
177,9
73,6
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
OK!>Qa
ULAMc
=XLAMcd
133,6
380,4
180,0
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
OK!>Qc
Axial Stress Capacity
ca
=ULAMa / tr
25
24
22
Axial Stress (pressure)
ap
=(pWD/4) / tr
Axial Stress (moments)
am
=Qastr
Residual Axial Stress (thermal effects)
ar
=ca-ap-am
Circumferential Stress Capacity
cc
=ULAMc / tr
Circumferential Stress (pressure)
cp
=(pWD/2) / tr
Circumferential Stress (deflection)

cm
cr
=cc-cp-cm
11
12
16%
47%
57%
0%
0%
0%
21
13
84%
53%
43%
48
50
54
22
25
17%
44%
46%
16,8
0,0
0,0
35%
0%
0%
23,0
28,5
28,8
48%
56%
54%
Poisson Modulus
vac
=(miniXivi/nimiXi)ac
0,30
0,30
0,30
Poisson Modulus
vca
=(miniXivi/nimiXi)ca
0,550
0,484
0,410
Axial Strain (pressure)
ap
=ap/ELAMta-vcacp/ELAMtc
0,00014
0,00051
0,00075
Axial Strain (moments)
am
=am/ELAMfa-vcacm/ELAMfc
-0,00038
0,00000
0,00000
Circumferential Strain (pressure)
cp
=cp/ELAMtc-vacap/ELAMta
0,00024
0,00059
0,00059
Circumferential Strain (deflection)
cm
=cm/ELAMfc-vacam/ELAMfa
0,00070
0,00000
0,00000
2,5
2,5
2,5
7,9
3,7
8.5 Design Calculation for Pipe subjected to Vacuum

Safety Factor
SF
tm
=(ND+2tr)(SFpet/2ELAMt
c)
0,33
1,3
OK!
Minimum Stiffeness
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=ELAMfc(tm3/12)/(ND+tr)3
8381
Buckling,
Buckling,
increase t or increase t or
use ribs
use ribs
5026
5002
21/42

T80
T600
T300
Pipe with Stiffening Rings - Fixed Distance between Rings

Maximum Distance between Stiffening Rings
Jmax
=(250Xlamc/(SFpet))(td/(ND+2t
6459
6325
2527
1000
1000
1000
Choosen Distance between Stiffening Rings
Outside Sructural Diameter
Do
tm=Do(0,4SFpetJ/(ElamtcDo))^0,4 1,31
=ND+2tr
86
OK!<tr
615
307
3,60
2,32
OK!<tr
OK!<tr
Shell with Stiffening Rings - Fixed Laminated Thickness

Stiffness factor of the Stiffening Ring
EI
=0,18(ND+2tt)JDs2pet
Diameter of Neutral Axis of Stiffening Ring
Ds
=ND+2y
3974541,01 1032574994
Increase t,
Increase t,
ridesign rib
ridesign rib or
or approach
approach ribs
ribs
128378402
Increase t,
ridesign rib
or approach
ribs
82,8
607,5
303,4
Ei
40683
40683
40683
bi
Construction of Stiffening Ring

Section 4 Hoop Modulus of Elasticity
di
Section Area
Ai
yi
Ii
Rib Hoop Modulus of Elasticity

=bidi3/12+Ai(y-yi)2
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
EiIi
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
EiAi
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
EiAiyi
Ei
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
0,000E+00
bi
di
Section Area
Ai
yi
Ii
0
=bidi
=bidi
=bidi3/12+Ai(y-yi)2
2,087E+01
1,821E+03
7,584E+01
EiIi
5,008E+05
5,049E+07
2,420E+06
EiAi
7,743E+05
1,067E+07
2,577E+06
EiAiyi
1,079E+06
4,020E+07
4,325E+06
Fig.1 - General Stiffening Rib Configuration
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
22/42

T80
T600
T300
8.6 Design Calculation for Pipe with Specified Stiffness

=ELAMfc(tt3/12)/Dm3
76227
4410
3602
Pipe without Stiffening Rings Stiffness Factor
EI
=ELAMfc(tt3/12)
43249
988916
100543
Stiffening Ring Stiffness
SR
=EiIi/(Ds3BR)
76227
4410
3602
Stiffening Ring Cooperating Lenght
BR
=b1+2b2+1,73d3+b4
12
51
24
Distance between Stiffening Rings

Pipe with Stiffening Rings
1000
1000
1000
Pipe with Stiffening Rings Mean Stiffness
=S(J-BR)/J+SRBR/J
76227
4410
3602
Pipe with Stiffening Rings Stiffness Factor
EI
=SDm3
43249
988916
100543
Neutrl Axis of pipe with Stiffening Rings
Stiffening Rings
OK! Rib close

OK! Rib closeOK!
to External
Rib close
Surface
to External
of Pipe
Surface of Pipe
to External
8.7 Buried Pipe
(according AWWA M45)
Geometrical Input
Height of Solil above Top of the Pipe
Height of Water above top of Pipe
Minimum Trench Width
1300
1300
1300
HW
1300
1300
1300
417
1078
693
Bd
1000
1500
1000
Specific Weight of the Soil
SGS
1,9
1,9
1,9
Specific Weight of the Water
SGW
Trench Width
BdMIN
=1,25Do+305
Special Installation Case
None
Native Soil
Type of Soil
Granular Soil Standard Penetration Resistance
Unconfined Compression Strenght
Native Modulus of Soil Reaction
Embankment Embankment

Cohesive
Cohesive
Cohesive
>0-1
30-50
30-50
UCS
>1-2
>1-2
>1-2
E'n
20,68
20,68
20,68
Stiff
Stiff
Stiff
SM
GW
GW
Soil Description
Foundation Bedding

Silty sand,
fines>12%
Well graded gravel,
Well graded
fines <5%
gravel, fines <5%
Soil Type
SC3
SC2
SC2
Equivalent Bedding Angle
180
180
180
>95%
>95%
>95%
0,083
0,083
0,083
SM
GW
GW
Proctor
Bedding Coefficient (Degree of Support Provided by the Soil)
Pipe Zone Embedment
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
KX
23/42

T80
T600
T300
Silty sand,
fines>12%
Well graded gravel,
Well graded
fines <5%
gravel, fines <5%
Soil Type
Proctor
SC3
SC2
SC2
85-95%
85-95%
85-95%
Backfill soil modulus
E'b
6,9
13,8
13,8
Modulus of Soil Reaction
E'
=ScE'b
6,9
20,7
20,7
Vertical Soil Load on Pipe
WC
=H*SGS
0,025
0,025
0,025
Live Load on Pipe
WL
0,00
0,10
0,10
Axles Number
na
Wheels per Axle
nw
Distance between axles
La
1500
1500
1500
Distance between wheels in an axle
Lw
2000
2000
2000
Pipe Cover depth
1300
1300
1300
Trench width
Bd
1000
1500
1000
External Loads
Backfill Soil Slip Angle
sigma
35
35
35
1000
1500
1000
Acting Axles
naa
Acting Wheels per Axle
nwa
Total Acting Wheels
Nwa
Total Acting Area
Awa
3314364
6045174
3314364
Maximum Live Load on Pipe
WL
0,00
0,10
0,10
Total Acting Force
Pt
604517
331436
Wheel Acting Force
Pw
302259
331436
0,0
30,2
33,1
Axle Acting Force
Pa
0,0
60,5
66,3
Acting Transversal Lenght
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
24/42

T80
T600
T300
Fig.2 - General truck Configuration and Distribution of Live Loads on Pipe
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
25/42

T80
T600
T300
1,5
1,5
1,5
Pipe Deflection
Deflection Lag Factor to compensate for the time-consolidation
rate of the soil
DL
Installation Conditions
Ka
0,75
0,75
0,75
Initial Conditions
Da
0,000
0,000
0,000
0,003
0,012
0,012
Vertical Deflection
Dy/Dm
( D LW C + W L ) k X
EI + 0 .061k a E ' (
OK! Less
OK! Less thanOK!
5%Less than 5%
than 5%
Strain due to Deflection

Shape Factor relate Pipe Deflection to Bending Strain
Df
4,5
Rerounding coefficient
rC
cm
(1-pW)/3
=Dfrc(Dy/Dm)(tt/Dm)
0,82
0,82
0,82
Strain
0,00070
0,00080
0,00089
Stress
cs
=cmELAMfc
16,8
22,2
28,5
Allowable Buckling pressure
5,5
5,5
see par. 5.7.5 pag.52
Water Buoyancy Factor
RW
0,67
0,67
0,67
Empirical Coefficient of Elastic Support
B'
0,25
0,25
0,25
Design Factor
FS
2,5
2,5
2,5
Allowable Buckling Pressure
qa
0,67
0,28
0,25
Number of Lobes formed at Buckling
28388,7
547,6
2183,1
Typical Pipe Installation Conditions
0,09
0,07
0,07
OK! Less
than qa OK! Less thanOK!
qa Less than qa
Live Load Conditions
0,03
0,13
0,13
OK! Less
than qa OK! Less thanOK!
qa Less than qa
Buoyancy
Uplift Force
FUP
=(Do2/4)SGW
0,1
3,0
0,8
Soil Weight above the Pipe
WS
=DOSGSRWH
1,5
10,2
5,1
Water Weight inside the Pipe
WW
=(ND2/4)C
0,1
2,8
0,7
Pipe Weight
WP
0,0
0,3
0,1
SF
1,5
1,5
1,5
W P+W W+W S
1,5
13,4
5,9
Safety Factor
OK! No
OK! No
OK! No
Buoyancy of Buoyancy of Buoyancy of
Fill in Pipe
Fill in Pipe Fill in Pipe
W P+W S
1,5
10,6
5,2
OK! No
OK! No
OK! No
Buoyancy of Buoyancy of Buoyancy of
Empty Pipe Empty Pipe Empty Pipe
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
26/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
T80
T600
T300
2400
2000
1600
500
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
80
600
300
N/mm
0,62
0,62
0,62
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
mm
35,0
28,7
24,4
9,8
8,3
6,8
6,8
5,3
3,9
3,9
2,4
2,4
11,2
8,3
9. Butt Joint
9.1. Butt Joint Input Data
Geometrical Input
Nominal Bore
ND
mm
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
9.2. Butt Joint Output Data

Butt Joint Thickness
Overlay Thickness
tOVL
Safety Factor
SF
Minimum Overlay Lenght 6:1 taper
LOVL
mm
1190
990
800
300
240
210
180
150
120
100
100
100
360
140
til
mm
Internal Lamination Thickness

Internal Lamination Sequence
Internal Lamination Lenght
[2csm450/1wr500]
[2csm450/1wr500]
[2csm450/1wr500]
Lil
[2xcsm375]
mm
595
495
400
180
kg/dm3
1,58
1,58
1,58
1,57
1,57
1,56
1,56
1,56
1,56
1,56
1,55
1,55
1,57
1,57
1
Butt Joint Specific Gravity

Joint Specific Gravity
=SGiti/tr
Weights
Joint Mechanical Reinforcement Weight
WJ
kg
415,2
236,5
129,0
6,0
3,2
2,0
1,4
0,8
0,4
0,2
0,1
0,1
10,0
Internal Lamination Lenght
W IL
kg
13,5
9,3
6,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
1,0
Top Coat Weight
W tc
kg
2,1
1,5
1,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,0
Total Weight
kg
430,8
247,3
136,0
6,1
3,3
2,1
1,5
0,8
0,4
0,2
0,1
0,1
11,1
1,2
g/m
600
600
600
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
17
14
12
CSM-Chopped Strand Mat thickness
mm
20,9
17,2
14,8
6,5
5,5
4,6
4,6
3,7
2,8
2,8
1,8
1,8
7,4
5,5
WR-Woven Roving Grammature
g/m2
800
800
800
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
16
13
11
WR-Woven Roving Thickness
mm
14,1
11,4
9,7
3,3
2,8
2,2
2,2
1,7
1,1
1,1
0,6
0,6
3,9
2,8
Mechanical Reinforcement Thickness
mm
35,0
28,7
24,4
9,8
8,3
6,8
6,8
5,3
3,9
3,9
2,4
2,4
11,2
8,3
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
Ulama>Qa
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc
[17xcsm600/ [14xcsm600/ [12xcsm600/ [7xcsm450/
16xwr800]
13xwr800]
11xwr800]
6xwr500]
OK!
Ulamc>Qc
[6xcsm450/
5xwr500]
OK!
Ulamc>Qc
[5xcsm450/
4xwr500]
OK!
Ulamc>Qc
[5xcsm450/
4xwr500]
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc Ulamc>Qc
Ulamc>Qc
Ulamc>Qc
[4xcsm450/ [3xcsm450/2 [3xcsm450/2 [2xcsm450/1 [2xcsm450/1
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
3xwr500]
xwr500]
xwr500]
xwr500]
xwr500][8xcsm450/7xwr500]
9.3. Construction of Mechanical Reinforcement

2
CSM-Chopped Strand Mat Grammature

CSM-Chopped Strand Mat Layers
WR-Woven Roving Layers
9.4. Design Calculation

Load on Butt Joint
Axial Unit Load
Qa
N/mm
372,5
310,5
248,5
94,4
75,6
66,2
56,9
47,5
38,1
28,7
19,4
15,6
113,1
56,9
Circumferential Unit Load
Qc
N/mm
745,0
621,0
497,0
188,7
151,2
132,5
113,7
95,0
76,2
57,5
38,7
31,2
226,2
113,7
9.5. Mechanical Properties

XLAM a
=(Ximini)a
N/mm
383318
313234
266512
101913
86120
70327
70327
54533
38740
38740
22947
22947
117706
86120
XLAM c
=(Ximini)c
N/mm
383318
313234
266512
101913
86120
70327
70327
54533
38740
38740
22947
22947
117706
86120
ULAM a
=XLAMad
N/mm
766
626
532
204
172
141
141
109
77
77
46
46
235
172
ULAM c
=XLAMcd
766
626
532
204
172
141
141
109
77
77
46
46
235
172
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
N/mm
27/42

T2400
T2000
AWWA
CLASS D
0,62
0
2400
2755,9
2876,6
60,2
57,2
105
68
174346
55
OK!
5
0,5
AWWA
CLASS D
0,62
0
2000
2260,6
2362,2
53,8
50,8
92
64
129651
43
OK!
5
1,25
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
10. Flange
10.1. Flange Input Data
Design pressure
Axial Load on Flange
Inside diameter of flange
Bolt circle diameter
Outside diameter of gasket or outside diameter of flange, whichever is the lesser
Diameter of bolt holes
Bolt diameter
Washer external Diameter
Number of bolts
Actual bolt area
Thickness of hub at back of flange
p
Fa
B
C
GO
d
db
dw
n
Ab
s
Effective gasket contact width under pressure

Gasket factor
2b"
m
mm
MPa
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
ELAM
Sa
Sb
SF
ff
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
6M
ff L e
mm
162
127
85
45
42
35
34
29
25
25
=MAX(Am1;Am2)
mm2
68574
OK!
275
24093,14
595
586
OK!
41052
OK!
160
15767,65
495
313
OK!
18776
OK!
86
9670,73
400
229
OK!
3333
OK!
29
5016,71
150
189
OK!
2609
OK!
28
4930,85
120
178
OK!
1879
OK!
25
5016,61
105
153
OK!
1702
OK!
20
4453,03
90
143
OK!
1120
OK!
14
3136,56
75
129
OK!
710
OK!
12
3270,47
60
111
OK!
452
OK!
9
2257,49
50
111
OK!
Gasket or joint-contact-surface unit stress for soft rubber without fabric or asbestos reiforcement
Young's modulus of flange laminate
Bolt nominal design stress at atmospheric temperature
Bolt nominal design stress at design temperature
Safety Factor
Design flange flexural stress
MPa
N
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
AWWA ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5
CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D
0,62
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0,75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1600
500
400
350
300
250
200
150
1759,0
635,0
539,7
476,2
431,8
361,9
298,4
241,3
1854,2
698,5
596,9
533,4
482,6
406,4
342,9
279,4
47,5
31,7
28,6
28,6
25,4
25,4
22,2
22,2
44,5
28,6
28,6
25,4
22,2
22,2
19,1
19,1
78
50
50
44
39
39
34
34
52
20
16
12
12
12
8
8
80652
12820
10256
6077
4653
4653
2279
2279
29
16
14
12
12
10
9
9
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1,25
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
=(db/2)2n
mm2
mm
10.2. Flange Output Data
Minimum Flange thickness
Minimum bolt area
Am
Minimum Bolt torque

Bolt load
Hub height
Maximum pitch of bolts
T
Wb
hu
=MAX(TO;TB)
kgm
=W/n
Kg
=6s
mm
=2db+(6t/(m+0,5))ELAM0,25 mm
10.3. Calculation Parameters

Diameter at location of gasket load reaction HP
Effective Bolt Circle Lenght
Effective Gasket Width inside B.C.D.
Effective Gasket Width outside B.C.D.
Lenght of Inside Effective Gasket
Lenght of Outside Effective Gasket
Hydrostatic end force on area inside of flange
Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which HD acts
Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which H'T acts
Total hydrostatic end force
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
G'
R
Le
wi
wo
Li
Lo
HD
hD
h'T
H'
=C-(2b"+d)
=(C-B)/2-s
=C-nd
=(C-B)/4
=(Go-C)/4
=(C-wi)
=(C+wo)
=B2p/4+Fa
=R+s/2
=((C+d+b")-B)/4
=(C-d)2p/4
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
N
mm
mm
N
2690,75
2201,8
1706,5
598,3
506,1
442,6
401,4
331,5
271,2
214,1
122,95
87,3
50,475
51,5
55,85
51,1
53,9
45,95
40,2
36,65
4555,8152 3647,484353 3049,4044 1359,9113 1187,5176 1153,1264 1051,7397 832,14238 759,65125 580,26631
88,975
65,15
39,7375
33,75
34,925
31,55
32,95
27,975
24,6
22,825
30,1625
25,4
23,8125
15,875
14,3
14,3
12,7
11,125
11,125
9,525
8378
6897
5401
1889
1586
1397
1253
1049
860
686
8753
7182
5601
2045
1740
1541
1396
1172
972
788
2804814
1947787
1246584
147262
94248
72158
53014
36816
23562
13254
150,45
108,8
64,975
59,5
62,85
57,1
59,9
50,95
44,7
41,15
105,2625
79,85
52,85
42,925
43,325
39,95
40,55
35,575
31,4
29,625
3538676
2371415
1426380
214397
153873
118013
97288
66699
44936
28277
28/42

T2400
=HD-H'
=(d+2b")/2
=2b"G'yp
=(GO-(C+d))/4+d/2
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
Hydrostatic end force due to pressure on flange face

Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which H'P acts
Compression load on gasket to ensure tight joint
Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which HR acts
H'T
h'P
H'P
hR
Balancing reaction force acting outside bolt circle in opposition to moments due to HD, H'P and
H'T
HR =(HDhD+HT'h'T+H'Ph'P)/hR
Basic gasket seating widht effective under initial tigthtening up

Effective gasket seating width for calculation of minimum seating loads using y factor
b'O
b'
=GO-C
=4(b'O)^0,5
mm
mm
10.4. Operating conditions

Load acting on flange
Bolt stiffenes
Flange stiffenes
Bolt load in operating conditions
Tensile load on single bolt
Minimum bolt area at operating conditions
Bolt Stress under Operating Loads
Bolt Torque required in operating conditions
F
kb
kg
Fa'
fa'
Am1
bo
TO
=H'+H'P+HR
=W m2+F/(1+kg/kb)
=F'a/n
=F'a/Sb
=F'a/Sb
=bo(Ab/n)db
N
N/mm
N/mm
N
N
mm2
MPa
kgm
14606186
47672630
407760
16383334
240931
68574
93,97
275,4
8744009
35451542
342548
10091298
157677
41052
77,83
160,2
3999190
22053352
270615
5028777
96707
18776
62,35
86,0
709875
4673787
165717
1003343
50167
3333
78,27
28,7
555774
3739030
162694
788936
49308
2609
76,93
28,2
400152
2215721
143477
601993
50166
1879
99,05
25,5
362476
2035694
127637
534364
44530
1702
114,84
19,8
238526
2035694
124513
376388
31366
1120
80,89
13,9
151248
997075
106679
261638
32705
710
114,80
12,5
96378
997075
106679
180599
22575
452
79,24
8,6
10.5 Bolting up conditions

Minimum required bolt load for gasket seating
Minimum bolt area for gasket seating
Bolt Stress Required to Seat the Gasket
Bolt Torque required to seat gasket
W m2
Am2
bg
TB
=12,56Cyb'O^0,5
=W m2/Sa
=W m2/Ab
=bg(Ab/n)db
N
mm2
MPa
kgm
1901020
8925
10,9
32,0
1430969
6718
11,0
22,7
1078067
5061
13,4
18,4
317775
1492
24,8
9,1
256336
1203
25,0
9,2
226176
1062
37,2
9,6
193274
907
41,5
7,2
151610
712
32,6
5,6
125008
587
54,9
6,0
93536
439
41,0
4,5
Flange design bolt load, based on actual size bolts used to provide greater of Fa' and W m2
=MAX(F'a;W m2)
16383334
10091298
5028777
1003343
788936
601993
534364
376388
261638
180599
Design Moment
=HRhR
Nmm
91043845
11708513
N
mm
N
mm
N
733862
423627
32,575
29,4
13102,523 26803,98998
45,2
38,85
11054408
179796
26,225
20774,37
35,675
67134
59625
45855
44273
29884
21374
15024
18,35
16,8
16,8
15,2
15,2
13,6
13,6
3524,2779 2981,1751 2607,1292 2364,4412 1952,6962 1597,4999 1261,1531
23,8
21,45
21,45
19,05
17,475
16,675
15,075
6345790,313 2552034,9 491954,32 398919,67 279531,58 262823,59 169873,96 104713,85
66839,83
120,65
101,6
95,25
63,5
57,2
57,2
50,8
44,5
44,5
38,1
43,936318 40,31873014 39,038443 31,874755 30,252273 30,252273 28,509647 26,683328 26,683328 24,690079
10.6 Results
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
499659224 246533953,6
8556826,8 5995952,4 5006789,4 2968547,5 1746103,5 1007610,4
29/42

T100
T80
T600
T300
10. Flange
10.1. Flange Input Data
Design pressure
Axial Load on Flange
Inside diameter of flange
Bolt circle diameter
Outside diameter of gasket or outside diameter of flange, whichever is the lesser
Diameter of bolt holes
Bolt diameter
Washer external Diameter
Number of bolts
Actual bolt area
Thickness of hub at back of flange
Effective gasket contact width under pressure
Gasket factor
Gasket or joint-contact-surface unit stress for soft rubber without fabric or asbestos reiforcement
Young's modulus of flange laminate
Bolt nominal design stress at atmospheric temperature
Bolt nominal design stress at design temperature
Safety Factor
Design flange flexural stress
p
Fa
B
C
GO
d
db
dw
n
Ab
s
=(db/2)2n
2b"
m
ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5

CLASS D CLASS D
0,75
0,75
0
0
100
80
190,5
152,4
228,6
190,5
19,0
19
15,9
16
28
30
8
4
1583
804
9
9
OK!
OK!
5
5
0,5
0,5
AWWA
AWWA
CLASS B
0,75
CLASS B
0,75
600
300
749,3
431,8
812,8
482,6
34,9
25,4
31,75
22,225
56
39
20
12
15827
4653
50
124
OK!
OK!
0,5
0,5
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
ELAM
Sa
Sb
SF
ff
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
213
213
6,3
25
11000
11000
213
213
213
213
6,3
6,3
25
25
25
25
46
25
347
OK!
5,04
1588,39
50
104
OK!
277
OK!
6,81
2129,22
50
105
OK!
4256
970
OK!
OK!
10.2. Flange Output Data
Minimum Flange thickness

Minimum bolt area
Minimum Bolt torque
Bolt load
Hub height
Maximum pitch of bolts
t
Am
T
Wb
hu
6M
ff L e
=MAX(Am1;Am2)
=MAX(TO;TB)
=W/n
=6s
=2db+(6t/(m+0,5))ELAM0,25
39,67
14,38
6247,48
3234,74
300
744
198
117
OK!
OK!
10.3. Calculation Parameters

Diameter at location of gasket load reaction HP
Effective Bolt Circle Lenght
Effective Gasket Width inside B.C.D.
Effective Gasket Width outside B.C.D.
Lenght of Inside Effective Gasket
Lenght of Outside Effective Gasket
Hydrostatic end force on area inside of flange
Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which HD acts
Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which H'T acts
Total hydrostatic end force
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
G'
R
Le
wi
wo
Li
Lo
HD
hD
h'T
H'
=C-(2b"+d)
=(C-B)/2-s
=C-nd
=(C-B)/4
=(Go-C)/4
=(C-wi)
=(C+wo)
=B2p/4+Fa
=R+s/2
=((C+d+b")-B)/4
=(C-d)2p/4
166,5
36,25
446,0734
22,625
9,525
527
628
5890
40,75
28,625
17325
709,4
401,4
128,4
24,65
-58,1
27,2
402,07872 1655,49538 1051,73971
37,325
32,95
18,1
15,875
12,7
9,525
2237
1253
422
2404
1396
509
212058
53014
3770
49,65
3,9
31,7
47,3
40,55
24,1
300631
97288
10482
30/42

T100
=HD-H'
=(d+2b")/2
=2b"G'yp
=(GO-(C+d))/4+d/2
T80
T600
T300
Hydrostatic end force due to pressure on flange face

Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which H'P acts
Compression load on gasket to ensure tight joint
Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which HR acts
H'T
h'P
H'P
hR
Balancing reaction force acting outside bolt circle in opposition to moments due to HD, H'P and
H'T
HR =(HDhD+HT'h'T+H'Ph'P)/hR 40569,281 20340,065 601689,257 106980,807
Basic gasket seating widht effective under initial tigthtening up

Effective gasket seating width for calculation of minimum seating loads using y factor
b'O
b'
=GO-C
=4(b'O)^0,5
10.4. Operating conditions

Load acting on flange
Bolt stiffenes
Flange stiffenes
Bolt load in operating conditions
Tensile load on single bolt
Minimum bolt area at operating conditions
Bolt Stress under Operating Loads
Bolt Torque required in operating conditions
F
kb
kg
Fa'
fa'
Am1
bo
TO
=H'+H'P+HR
10.5 Bolting up conditions

Minimum required bolt load for gasket seating
Minimum bolt area for gasket seating
Bolt Stress Required to Seat the Gasket
Bolt Torque required to seat gasket
88574
44273
11435
6713
19,95
15,2
12
12
980,76596 756,33843 4178,71093 2364,44117
24,6
19,05
14,275
14,275
63,5
50,8
38,1
38,1
24,690079 24,690079 31,8747549 28,5096475
=W m2+F/(1+kg/kb)
=F'a/n
=F'a/Sb
=F'a/Sb
=bo(Ab/n)db
58875
865516
91855
127071
15884
276
80,29
5,0
31579
439600
92418
85169
21292
148
105,95
6,8
W m2
Am2
bg
TB
=12,56Cyb'O^0,5
=W m2/Sa
=W m2/Ab
=bg(Ab/n)db
73844
347
46,7
2,9
Flange design bolt load, based on actual size bolts used to provide greater of Fa' and W m2
=MAX(F'a;W m2)
127071
Design Moment
=HRhR
906499
206633
4945807
2035694
180856
122612
1249495
388169
62475
32347
4256
970
78,95
83,42
39,7
14,4
59075
277
73,5
4,7
374975
193274
85169
1760
907
23,7
41,5
11,9
7,2
1249495
388169
10.6 Results
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
579126,49 290354,43 14801555,7 2037984,37
31/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
T80
T600
T300
11. Elbow
11.1. Elbow Input Data
Geometrical Input
Nominal Bore
Bend Radius multiplier
Mean Pipe Bend Radious
Elbow Angle
mitred elbow
pipe+joint
mm
2400
1,5
3600
90
2000
1,5
3000
90
1600
1,5
2400
90
500
1,5
750
90
400
1,5
600
90
350
1,5
525
90
300
1,5
450
90
250
1,5
375
90
200
1,5
300
90
150
1,5
225
90
100
1,5
150
90
80
1,5
120
90
600
1,5
900
90
300
1,5
450
90
p
pe
MPa
MPa
0,62
0,04
0,62
0,09
0,62
0,04
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,04
0,75
Overlay Thickness
Top Coat Thickness
Total thickness
t
tl
tc
tt
35,0
1,65
0,2
36,8
30,8
1,65
0,2
32,6
26,6
1,65
0,2
28,4
12,7
1,65
0,2
14,6
9,8
1,65
0,2
11,6
9,8
1,65
0,2
11,6
8,3
1,65
0,2
10,1
6,8
1,65
0,2
8,7
5,3
1,65
0,2
7,2
5,3
1,65
0,2
7,2
5,3
1,65
0,2
7,2
2,4
1,65
0,2
4,2
9,8
1,65
0,2
11,6
35,0
=tr+tl+ttc
mm
mm
mm
mm
Elbow Diameters
Mean Pipe Diameter
D
Do
Dm
=ND+2tl
=ND+2tt
=ND+tt
mm
mm
mm
2403,30
2473,70
2436,85
2003,30
2065,25
2032,63
1603,30
1656,81
1628,41
503,30
529,11
514,56
403,30
423,22
411,61
353,30
373,22
361,61
303,30
320,27
310,14
253,30
267,33
258,66
203,30
214,38
207,19
153,30
164,38
157,19
103,30
114,38
107,19
83,30
88,49
84,25
603,30
623,22
611,61
303,30
Weights
Elbow Mechanical Reinforcement Weight
Elbow Liner Weight
Elbow Top Coat Weight
Elbow Total Weight
Ws
Wl
W tc
W
kg
kg
kg
kg
2361,61
105,53
9,84
2476,98
1442,24
73,28
6,85
1522,37
796,51
46,90
4,39
847,80
37,14
4,58
0,44
42,16
18,27
2,93
0,28
21,48
14,00
2,24
0,22
16,46
8,74
1,65
0,16
10,55
5,00
1,15
0,11
6,25
2,51
0,73
0,07
3,31
1,42
0,41
0,04
1,87
0,64
0,18
0,02
0,84
0,18
0,12
0,01
0,31
40,99
6,60
0,62
48,21
37,25
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
600
17
20,9
800
16
14,1
35,0
600
15
18,5
800
14
12,3
30,8
600
13
16,0
800
12
10,6
26,6
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
Design Vacuum
ND
mm
mitred elbow mitred elbow

pipe+joint
pipe+joint
0,04
11.2. Elbow Output Data
Flexibility, Stress Intensification Factors and Pressure Stress Multiplier

Pressure Stress Multiplier
1,65
0,2
36,8
373,70
336,85
1,65
0,19
39,09

09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
n
mm
mm
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
9
7
7
6
5
4
4
4
2
7
8,3
6,5
6,5
5,5
4,6
3,7
3,7
3,7
1,8
6,5
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
8
6
6
5
4
3
3
3
1
6
4,4
3,3
3,3
2,8
2,2
1,7
1,7
1,7
0,6
3,3
12,7
9,8
9,8
8,3
6,8
5,3
5,3
5,3
2,4
9,8
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q Ulama>Q
Ulama>Qa
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
NO!
Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q Ulamc>Q
Ulamc<Qc
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
NO! tmin<t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
NO! tmin<t
NO! tmin<t
NO! tmin<t
600
17
20,9
800
16
14,1
35,0
OK! Ulama>Qa
OK! Ulamc>Qc
OK! tmin>t
32/42

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
T80
T600
T300
[17xcsm600/16xwr800]
[15xcsm600/14xwr800]
[13xcsm600/12xwr800]
[9xcsm450/8xwr500]
[7xcsm450/6xwr500]
[7xcsm450/6xwr500]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[5xcsm450/4xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[2xcsm450/1xwr500]
[7xcsm450/6xwr500]
[17xcsm600/16xwr800]
11.4. Design Calculation for Elbows subjected to Internal Pressure and Bending Moments
Load on Elbow
Axial Stress
Allowable Axial Stress
Circumferential Stress
Allowable Circumferential Stress
Residual Axial Stress
Qa
Qc
a
aall
c
call
ar
cr
=pDm/4
=mpDm/2
=Qa/t
=Elam tad
=Qc/t
=Elam tcd
=aall-a
=acall-c
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
378
755
11
22
22
22
11
0
315
630
10
22
20
22
12
1
252
505
10
22
19
22
12
3
96
193
8
21
15
21
13
6
77
154
8
21
16
21
13
5
68
136
7
21
14
21
14
7
58
116
7
21
14
21
14
7
48
97
7
21
14
21
14
6
39
78
7
20
15
20
13
6
29
59
6
20
11
20
15
9
20
40
4
20
8
20
17
13
16
32
7
19
13
19
13
6
115
229
12
21
24
21
9
-3
63
126
XLAM a
XLAM c
ULAM a
ULAM c
ELAM ta
ELAM tc
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
383318
383318
766
766
336596
336596
673
673
289873
289873
579
579
133499
133499
267
267
101913
101913
204
204
101913
101913
204
204
86120
86120
172
172
70327
70327
141
141
54533
54533
109
109
54533
54533
109
109
54533
54533
109
109
22947
22947
46
46
101913
101913
204
204
383318
10953
10953
10937
10937
10916
10916
10507
10507
10442
10442
10442
10442
10392
10392
10321
10321
10210
10210
10210
10210
10210
10210
9579
9579
10442
10442
10953
SF
tmin
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
=Do(SFpet/2ELAMtc)0,33
mm
42,8
46,7
28,7
10,6
8,5
7,5
6,4
5,4
4,3
3,3
2,3
1,8
10,9
6,5
=ELAMfc(tt3/12)/Dm3
Pa
3156
3769
4828
19819
19526
28797
30240
32321
35574
81463
256903
102165
5952
1194730
2
22
4
22
20
18

383318
766
766
10953
11.6. Design Calculation for Elbows subjected to Vacuum

Safety Factor
11.7. Design Calculation for Elbows with Specified Stiffness

09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
33/42

12. Tee
12.1. Tee Input Data
Geometrical Input
Internal Diameter of the Main Pipe
Internal Diameter of the branch
DiM
DiB
mm
mm
Structural Thickness of Main Pipe

Thickness of Branch Pipe
Thickness of Branch adjacent to the junction
Thickness of Main adjacent to the junction
trM
trB
tBJ
tMJ
mm
mm
mm
mm
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
Safety Factor
p
d
SF
tr
tmo
12.2. Tee Output Data

Reinforcement Thickness
Main Overlay Thickness
Collar Thickness
Minimum Main Overlay lenght taper 1:6
Minimum Branch Overlay lenght taper 1:6
Stress Intensification Factor
Pipe Factor
Pipe Factor
=tB+tr
=tM+tr
tc
L
LB
m
SIFT
T
Z
=3LB
2400
2000
Reduced tee
19,3
16,9
80,8
83,2
2400
1600
Reduced tee
19,3
13,3
72,7
78,7
500
500
Equal tee
7,0
7,0
26,5
26,5
500
250
Reduced tee
7,0
4,2
19,3
22,1
500
150
Reduced tee
7,0
2,8
16,4
20,6
400
400
Equal tee
7,0
7,0
22,1
22,1
400
150
Reduced tee
7,0
2,8
13,5
17,7
250
100
Reduced tee
4,2
2,8
10,5
11,9
200
150
Reduced tee
2,8
2,8
9,1
9,1
150
80
Reduced tee
2,8
2,8
7,6
7,6
bar
mm/mm
6,2
0,002
5
6,2
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
mm
mm
63,9
24,4
59,4
22,9
19,5
8,3
15,1
6,8
13,6
5,3
15,1
6,8
10,7
3,9
7,7
3,9
6,3
3,9
4,8
2,4
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
mm
mm
39,5
4080
36,5
3260
11,2
1140
8,3
570
8,3
450
8,3
900
6,8
450
3,9
400
2,4
450
2,4
380
mm
1040
830
320
160
150
250
150
150
150
150
2,5
2,2
0,09
10,6
2,4
1,9
0,13
7,9
2,5
2,0
0,11
9,4
1,9
1,3
0,27
3,7
1,6
0,9
0,58
1,7
2,4
2,0
0,11
9,0
1,8
1,1
0,37
2,7
1,7
1,0
0,47
2,2
2,2
1,6
0,16
6,2
1,8
1,1
0,36
2,8
=(DiB/(2tB))2(2tM/DiM)

Hole Compensation
CSM-Chopped Strand Mat Thickness
UR-Unidirectional Hoop Roving Grammature
UR-Unidirectional Hoop Roving Layers
UR-Unidirectional Hoop Roving Thickness
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving Grammature
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving Layers
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving Thickness
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
n
mm
mm

Collar
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
g/m2
n
300
300
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
18
17
6
5
4
5
3
3
3
2
11,1
10,5
5,5
4,6
3,7
4,6
2,8
2,8
2,8
1,8
800
800
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
13
12
5
4
3
4
2
2
2
1
11,4
10,6
2,8
2,2
1,7
2,2
1,1
1,1
1,1
0,6
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,8
1,8
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
24,4
22,9
8,3
6,8
5,3
6,8
3,9
3,9
3,9
2,4
OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC
OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA
OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB
[18xcsm300/13xwr800]
[17xcsm300/12xwr800]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[5xcsm450/4xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[5xcsm450/4xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[2xcsm450/1xwr500]
300
27
300
25
450
8
450
6
450
6
450
6
450
5
450
3
450
2
450
2
34/42


mm
g/m2
n
mm
mm
16,6
15,4
7,4
5,5
5,5
5,5
4,6
2,8
1,8
1,8
800
800
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
26
24
7
5
5
5
4
2
1
1
22,9
21,1
3,9
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,2
1,1
0,6
0,6
39,5
36,5
11,2
8,3
8,3
8,3
6,8
3,9
2,4
2,4
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
NO! Uc<Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
NO! Uc<Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
[27xcsm300/26xwr800]
[25xcsm300/24xwr800]
[8xcsm450/7xwr500]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[5xcsm450/4xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[2xcsm450/1xwr500]
[2xcsm450/1xwr500]
12.4. Design Calculation for Tee subjected to Internal Pressure

Load on Tee
Axial Unit Load (pressure)
Qc
Qa
c
call
cr
=mp(DiM+tM)/20
=mp(DiM+tM)/40
=Qc/t
=Elam tcd
=acall-c
N/mm
N/mm
1895,7
947,8
1762,8
881,4
466,4
233,2
369,4
184,7
304,8
152,4
370,6
185,3
274,8
137,4
161,6
80,8
168,0
84,0
103,9
51,9
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
29,7
31,9
2,2
29,7
32,0
2,3
23,9
24,9
1,0
24,5
24,8
0,3
22,4
24,5
2,1
24,5
24,8
0,2
25,7
24,0
-1,7
20,9
24,0
3,1
26,8
24,0
-2,8
21,7
23,0
1,3
Hole Compensation
Longitudinal Tensile Modulus
Circumferential Tensile Modulus
Xa
Xc
Ua
Uc
Ea
Ec
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
265540
323594
637
777
246949
305003
593
732
86120
86120
207
207
70327
70327
169
169
54533
54533
131
131
70327
70327
169
169
38740
38740
93
93
38740
38740
93
93
38740
38740
93
93
22947
22947
55
55
10899
13282
10799
13338
10392
10392
10321
10321
10210
10210
10321
10321
10015
10015
10015
10015
10015
10015
9579
9579
Collar
Xa
Xc
Ua
Uc
Ea
Ec
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
488156
488156
1172
1172
450973
450973
1082
1082
117706
117706
282
282
86120
86120
207
207
86120
86120
207
207
86120
86120
207
207
70327
70327
169
169
38740
38740
93
93
22947
22947
55
55
22947
22947
55
55
12360
12360
12354
12354
10479
10479
10392
10392
10392
10392
10392
10392
10321
10321
10015
10015
9579
9579
9579
9579
Total
Ua
Uc
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
N/mm
N/mm
1809
1948
1675
1814
489
489
375
375
338
338
375
375
262
262
186
186
148
148
110
110
UC
=pDIM/2
N/mm
744
744
187,5
187,5
187,5
150
150
93,75
75
56,25
N/mm
N/mm
1488000
744000
1190400
595200
93750
46875
46875
23437,5
28125
14062,5
60000
30000
22500
11250
9375
4687,5
11250
5625
4500
2250
N/mm
1615383,644
1215130,677
132279,7056
54010,752
39264,048
84391,8
27893,016
27893,016
27893,016
16521,984
N/mm
N/mm
1325577,677
620
983843,2224
496
132279,7056
187,5
54010,752
93,75
39264,048
56,25
84391,8
150
27893,016
56,25
27893,016
37,5
27893,016
56,25
16521,984
30
12.6. Compensation Design

Laminate unit loading of the compensation
Load capacity lost within diameter dC in circumferential
direction
Load capacity lost within diameter dC in axial direction
ALC
ALa
Load carrying capacity of the compensation in

circumferential direction
ACc
Load carrying capacity of the compensation in axial

direction
Pull out load
Aca
Qb
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=UCDIB
=ALC/2
=(L-DIB)UC (hole comp.)
=(L-DIB)Ua (hole comp.)
=pDIB/2
35/42

12. Tee
12.1. Tee Input Data
Geometrical Input
Internal Diameter of the Main Pipe
Internal Diameter of the branch
DiM
DiB
Structural Thickness of Main Pipe

Thickness of Branch Pipe
Thickness of Branch adjacent to the junction
Thickness of Main adjacent to the junction
trM
trB
tBJ
tMJ
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
Safety Factor
12.2. Tee Output Data
Reinforcement Thickness
Main Overlay Thickness
Collar Thickness
Minimum Main Overlay lenght taper 1:6
Minimum Branch Overlay lenght taper 1:6
Stress Intensification Factor
Pipe Factor
Pipe Factor
2400
500
Reduced tee
19,3
7
58,9
71,2
200
200
Equal tee
2,8
2,8
12,0
12,0
150
150
Equal tee
2,8
2,8
10,5
10,5
2000
300
Reduced tee
19,3
5,1
43,8
58,0
600
300
Reduced tee
9,3
5,1
23,1
27,3
2000
1600
Reduced tee
19,3
13,3
65,2
71,2
2400
1000
Reduced tee
19,3
13
61,9
68,2
2000
800
Reduced tee
19,3
12
53,6
60,9
p
d
SF
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
7,5
0,002
5
6,2
0,002
5
6,2
0,002
5
6,2
0,002
5
tr
tmo
51,9
28,9
9,2
3,9
7,7
3,9
38,7
24,5
18,0
8,3
51,9
19,9
48,9
22,9
41,6
20,1
Pad
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Pad
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
Integral
reinforcement
23,0
1140
5,3
500
3,9
450
14,2
680
9,8
680
32,0
3260
26,0
2040
21,5
1640
320
150
150
190
190
830
520
420
1,4
0,7
0,94
1,1
2,4
1,9
0,12
8,3
2,3
1,8
0,14
7,1
1,3
0,5
1,47
0,7
2,0
1,3
0,26
3,8
2,5
2,2
0,09
10,7
1,9
1,3
0,27
3,7
1,9
1,2
0,29
3,4
=tB+tr
=tM+tr
tc
L
LB
m
SIFT
T
Z
=3LB
=(DiB/(2tB))2(2tM/DiM)

Hole Compensation
UR-Unidirectional Hoop Roving Grammature
UR-Unidirectional Hoop Roving Layers
UR-Unidirectional Hoop Roving Thickness
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving Grammature
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving Layers
CPR-Continuous Parallel Roving Thickness

Collar
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
450
450
450
450
450
300
300
300
20
3
3
17
6
15
17
14
18,5
2,8
2,8
15,7
5,5
9,2
10,5
8,6
500
500
500
500
500
800
800
800
19
2
2
16
5
10
12
13
10,5
1,1
1,1
8,8
2,8
8,8
10,6
11,4
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
1,8
1,8
0,0
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
28,9
3,9
3,9
24,5
8,3
19,9
22,9
20,1
OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC OK! ACC>ALC
OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA OK! ACA>ALA
OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB OK! UALC>qB
[20xcsm450/19xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[17xcsm450/16xwr500]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[15xcsm300/10xwr800]
[17xcsm300/12xwr800]
[14xcsm300/13xwr800]
450
16
450
4
450
3
450
10
450
7
300
22
300
18
300
15
36/42


14,8
3,7
2,8
9,2
6,5
13,5
11,1
9,2
500
500
500
500
500
800
800
800
15
3
2
9
6
21
17
14
8,3
1,7
1,1
5,0
3,3
18,5
15,0
12,3
23,0
5,3
3,9
14,2
9,8
32,0
26,0
21,5
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Uc>Qc
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
OK! Ua>Qa
[16xcsm450/15xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
[10xcsm450/9xwr500]
[7xcsm450/6xwr500]
[22xcsm300/21xwr800]
[18xcsm300/17xwr800]
[15xcsm300/14xwr800]

12.4. Design Calculation for Tee subjected to Internal Pressure
Load on Tee
Axial Unit Load (pressure)
Qc
Qa
c
call
cr
=mp(DiM+tM)/20
=mp(DiM+tM)/40
=Qc/t
=Elam tcd
=acall-c
1291,3
645,7
180,9
90,4
131,0
65,5
963,0
481,5
447,4
223,7
1585,8
792,9
1457,0
728,5
1189,3
594,6
24,9
25,5
0,6
19,6
24,0
4,4
16,9
24,0
7,1
24,9
25,5
0,6
24,8
24,9
0,1
30,6
32,3
1,8
29,8
32,0
2,2
28,6
29,5
0,9
Hole Compensation
Xa
Xc
Ua
Uc
Ea
Ec
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
307223
307223
737
737
38740
38740
93
93
38740
38740
93
93
259844
259844
624
624
86120
86120
207
207
209765
267819
503
643
246949
305003
593
732
246463
246463
592
592
10628
10628
10015
10015
10015
10015
10611
10611
10392
10392
10553
13474
10799
13338
12290
12290
Collar
Xa
Xc
Ua
Uc
Ea
Ec
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
244051
244051
586
586
54533
54533
131
131
38740
38740
93
93
149292
149292
358
358
101913
101913
245
245
395197
395197
948
948
320830
320830
770
770
265055
265055
636
636
10604
10604
10210
10210
10015
10015
10530
10530
10442
10442
12343
12343
12323
12323
12300
12300
Total
Ua
Uc
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
1323
1323
224
224
186
186
982
982
451
451
1452
1591
1363
1502
1228
1228
UC
=pDIM/2
900
75
56,25
750
225
620
744
620
450000
225000
15000
7500
8437,5
4218,75
225000
112500
67500
33750
992000
496000
744000
372000
496000
248000
471894,528
27893,016
27893,016
236977,4544
78541,0752
1066991,215
761286,6893
496869,0048
471894,528
187,5
27893,016
75
27893,016
56,25
236977,4544
112,5
78541,0752
112,5
835703,76
496
616383,7056
310
496869,0048
248
12.6. Compensation Design

Laminate unit loading of the compensation
Load capacity lost within diameter dC in circumferential
direction
Load capacity lost within diameter dC in axial direction
ALC
ALa
Load carrying capacity of the compensation in

circumferential direction
ACc
Load carrying capacity of the compensation in axial

direction
Pull out load
Aca
Qb
09-004_CI0001-02 .xls
=UCDIB
=ALC/2
=(L-DIB)UC (hole comp.)
=(L-DIB)Ua (hole comp.)
=pDIB/2
37/42

13. Reducer
13.1. Reducer Input Data
Geometrical Input
Larger Pipe Nominal Diameter
Smaller Pipe Nominal Diameter
Reducer Angle
Reducer Lenght
ND
nd
mm
mm
500
400
22,6
250
500
350
22,6
375
400
300
22,6
250
250
200
22,6
125
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
Design Vacuum
p
pe
d
MPa
MPa
0,6
0,09
0,6
0,09
0,6
0,09
0,6
0,09
mm/mm
0,002
0,002
0,002
0,002
t
t
tl
tc
tt
tt
=tr+tl+ttc
=tr+tl+ttc
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
8,3
6,8
1,65
0,2
10,1
8,7
8,3
5,3
1,65
0,2
10,1
7,2
6,8
5,3
1,65
0,2
8,7
7,2
3,9
3,9
1,65
0,2
5,7
5,7
D
D
Do
Do
Dm
Dm
=ND+2tl
=ND+2tl
=ND+2tt
=ND+2tt
=ND+tt
=ND+tt
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
503,3
403,3
520,3
417,3
510,1
408,7
503,3
353,3
520,3
364,4
510,1
357,2
403,3
303,3
417,3
314,4
408,7
307,2
253,3
203,3
261,4
211,4
255,7
205,7
13.2. Reducer Output Data

Larger Pipe Structural Thickness
Smaller Pipe Structural Thickness
Top Coat Thickness
Larger Pipe Total Thickness
Smaller Pipe Total Thickness
Reducer Diameters
Larger Pipe Structural Diameter
Smaller Pipe structural Diameter
Larger Pipe Outside Diameter
Smaller Pipe Outside Diameter
Larger Pipe Mean Diameter
Smaller Pipe Mean Diameter
Larger Pipe Diameter
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
n
mm
mm

Smaller Pipe Diameter
450
450
450
450
6
6
5
3
5,5
5,5
4,6
2,8
500
500
500
500
5
5
4
2
2,75
2,75
2,20
1,10
8,29
8,29
6,81
3,87
OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa
OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc
OK! tmin>t
OK! tmin>t
OK! tmin>t
OK! tmin>t
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[6xcsm450/5xwr500]
[5xcsm450/4xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
450
5
4,6
500
450
4
3,7
500
450
4
3,7
500
450
3
2,8
500

n
mm
mm
4
3
3
2
2,20
1,65
1,65
1,10
6,81
5,34
5,34
3,87
OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa OK! Ulama>Qa
OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc OK! Ulamc>Qc
OK! tmin>t
OK! tmin>t
OK! tmin>t
OK! tmin>t
[5xcsm450/4xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[4xcsm450/3xwr500]
[3xcsm450/2xwr500]
13.4. Design Calculation for Reducer subjected to Internal Pressure

Load on Larger Diameter Pipe
Axial Unit Load
Axial Stress
Qa
Qc
a
aall
c
call
ar
cr
=pDm/4
=mpDm/2
=Qa/t
=Elam tad
=Qc/t
=Elam tcd
=aall-a
=acall-c
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
76,5
153,0
9,2
20,8
18,5
20,8
11,6
2,3
76,5
153,0
9,2
20,8
18,5
20,8
11,6
2,3
61,3
122,6
9,0
20,6
18,0
20,6
11,6
2,6
38,4
76,7
9,9
20,0
19,8
20,0
10,1
0,2
Qa
=pDm/4
N/mm
61,3
53,6
46,1
30,9
Qc
=mpDm/2
a
aall
c
call
ar
cr
=Qa/t
=Elam tad
=Qc/t
=Elam tcd
=aall-a
=acall-c
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
122,6
9,0
20,8
18,5
20,8
11,6
2,3
107,2
10,0
20,8
18,5
20,8
11,6
2,3
92,2
8,6
20,6
18,0
20,6
11,6
2,6
61,7
8,0
20,0
19,8
20,0
10,1
0,2
Larger Pipe Diameter

XLAM a
XLAM c
ULAM a
ULAM c
ELAM ta
ELAM tc
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
86119,6
86119,6
172,2
172,2
10392,3
10392,3
86119,6
86119,6
172,2
172,2
10392,3
10392,3
70326,5
70326,5
140,7
140,7
10320,9
10320,9
38740,3
38740,3
77,5
77,5
10014,6
10014,6
Smaller Pipe Diameter

XLAM a
XLAM c
ULAM a
ULAM c
ELAM ta
ELAM tc
=(Ximini)a
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMad
=XLAMcd
=XLAMa/t
=XLAMc/t
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
70326,5
70326,5
140,7
140,7
10320,9
10320,9
54533,4
54533,4
109,1
109,1
10210,0
10210,0
54533,4
54533,4
109,1
109,1
10210,0
10210,0
38740,3
38740,3
77,5
77,5
10014,6
10014,6
2,5
3,7
3,2
2,5
4,3
3,5
2,5
3,2
2,7
2,5
1,9
1,6
Load on Smaller Diameter Pipe

Axial Unit Load
(pressure and bending moments)
Axial Stress
13.6. Design Calculation for Reducer subjected to Vacuum

Safety Factor
Larger Diameter Minimum Wall Thickness
Smaller Diameter Minimum Wall Thickness
SF
tmin
=Do(0,4SFpetJ/(ElamtcDo))^0,4
mm
tmin
=Do(0,4SFpetJ/(ElamtcDo))^0,4
mm
13.7. Design Calculation for Reducer with Specified Stiffness
Larger Pipe without Stiffening Rings Stiffness
=ELAMfc(tt3/12)/Dm3
Pa
6794,8
6794,8
8195,8
9332,2
Smaller Pipe without Stiffening Rings Stiffness
=ELAMfc(tt3/12)/Dm3
Pa
8195,8
6942,9
10914,9
17924,7

T2400
T2000
T1600
T500
T400
T350
T300
T250
T200
T150
T100
T80
T600
14. Cap
14.1. Cap Input Data
Geometrical Input
Cap Nominal Diameter
Cap Height
ND
h
mm
mm
2400
600
2000
500
1600
400
500
125
400
100
350
87,5
300
75
250
62,5
200
50
150
37,5
100
25
80
20
600
150
Internal Loads
Design Pressure
Design Vacuum
p
pe
MPa
MPa
0,62
0,04
0,62
0,09
0,62
0,04
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,06
0,75
0,04
t
tl
tc
tt
=tr+tl+ttc
mm
mm
mm
mm
42,5
1,65
0,2
44,3
35,0
1,65
0,2
36,8
35,0
1,65
0,2
36,8
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
24,4
1,65
0,2
26,3
12,7
1,65
0,2
14,6
D
Do
Dm
=ND+2tl
=ND+2tt
=ND+tt
mm
mm
mm
2403,30
2488,67
2444,33
2003,30
2073,70
2036,85
1603,30
1673,70
1636,85
503,30
552,59
526,30
403,30
452,59
426,30
353,30
402,59
376,30
303,30
352,59
326,30
253,30
302,59
276,30
203,30
252,59
226,30
153,30
202,59
176,30
103,30
152,59
126,30
83,30
132,59
106,30
603,30
629,11
614,56
g/m2
n
mm
g/m2
n
mm
mm
300
29
17,8
800
28
24,6
42,5
NO!
Ulam<Q
OK!
Ulam>Qe
OK!
tmin>t
600
17
20,9
800
16
14,1
35,0
NO!
Ulam<Q
OK!
Ulam>Qe
600
17
20,9
800
16
14,1
35,0
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
600
12
14,8
800
11
9,7
24,4
450
9
8,3
500
8
4,4
12,7
NO!
Ulam<Q
OK!
Ulam>Qe
OK!
tmin>t
14.2. Cap Output Data

Structural Thickness
Top Coat Thickness
Total thickness
Cap Diameters
Structural Diameter
Outside Diameter
Mean Diameter

OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q OK! Ulam>Q
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
Ulam>Qe
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK! tmin>t OK! tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
tmin>t
[29xcsm300/28xwr800]
[17xcsm600/16xwr800]
[17xcsm600/16xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[12xcsm600/11xwr800]
[9xcsm450/8xwr500]
14.4. Design Calculation for Caps subjected to Internal Pressure

Load on Cap
Shape Factor
Unit Load
Stress
Allowable Stress
Residual Stress
KS
Q
all
r
=0,5pNDKS
=Q/t
=Elam td
=all-
N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
1,45
1079
25
25
-1
1,45
899
26
22
-4
1,45
719
21
22
1
1,45
272
11
22
11
1,45
218
9
22
13
1,45
190
8
22
14
1,45
163
7
22
15
1,45
136
6
22
16
1,45
109
4
22
17
1,45
82
3
22
18
1,45
54
2
22
20
1,45
44
2
22
20
1,45
326
26
21
-5

XLAM
ULAM
ELAM t
=(Ximini)c
=XLAMd
=XLAM/t
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm2
525340
1050
383318
766
383318
766
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
266512
532
133499
267
12366
10953
10953
10902
10902
10902
10902
10902
10902
10902
10902
10902
10507
Unit Load
Stress
Residual Stress
Qe
e
er
=0,66pNDKS
=Qe/t
=all-e
N/mm
91,872
172,26
61,248
28,71
22,968
20,097
17,226
14,355
11,484
8,613
5,742
4,5936
22,968
N/mm2
N/mm2
2
23
5
17
2
20
1
21
1
21
1
21
1
21
1
21
0
21
0
21
0
22
0
22
2
19
Shape factor end convex to pressure
Ke
R0
SF
tmin
1,8
2240
2,5
1,8
1866
2,5
1,8
1506
2,5
1,8
497
2,5
1,8
407
2,5
1,8
362
2,5
1,8
317
2,5
1,8
272
2,5
1,8
227
2,5
1,8
182
2,5
1,8
137
2,5
1,8
119
2,5
1,8
566
2,5
10,8
14,4
7,7
3,1
2,6
2,3
2,0
1,7
1,4
1,1
0,9
0,8
3,0
Unit Modulus
Laminate Design Unit Loading
Tensile Modulus of the Laminate
14.6. Design Calculation for Caps subjected to Vacuum
Safety Factor
=0,5DoKe
=1,7Ro(SFpe/ELAM)0,5
mm

Design of Reinforced Plastic Pips 1004 Rev.02

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BANDIRMA CCPP - TURKEY

ISSUED FOR INFORMATION

ISSUED FOR INFORMATION

ISSUED FOR INFORMATION

REASON FOR ISSUE

DESIGN OF REINFORCED PLASTIC PIPES

Societ a Socio Unico

Factors for Design

Pipe Input Data

Butt Joint Input Data

Flange Input Data

Elbow Input Data

Tee Input Data

Societ a Socio Unico

Reducer Input Data

Cap Input Data

Societ a Socio Unico

Societ a Socio Unico

Content Specific Gravity

Top Coat Thickness

Allowable Design strain

Short Term Failure Stress

Short Term Failure Strain

Short Term Safety Factor

Societ a Socio Unico

3. Tested Modulus of Elasticity for Filament Wound Pipes

vinylester MTvinylester MHT vinylester HT

5. Minimum Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Laminate Layers

Chopped Strand Mat

CSM Percentage Glass Content by Mass

Societ a Socio Unico

7.2. Conditions for Design

7.3. Fluid Characteristics

Mechanical Reinforcement Resin

7.5. Glass Characteristics

Societ a Socio Unico

7.6. Construction of Chemical Barrier

Adivised Chemical Barrier

7.7. Construction of Top Coat

Societ a Socio Unico

7.2. Conditions for Design

7.3. Fluid Characteristics

Mechanical Reinforcement Resin

7.5. Glass Characteristics

Societ a Socio Unico

7.6. Construction of Chemical Barrier

Adivised Chemical Barrier

7.7. Construction of Top Coat

Societ a Socio Unico

Assumed Distance between Supports / Pipe Lenght

Distance between Joints

Minimum Width of Support

Coefficient of thermal expansion

8.2 Pipe Output Data

Internal Liner Thickness

Top Coat Thickness

Pipe Total Thickness

Pipe Structural Diameter

Pipe Outside Diameter

Mean Pipe Diameter

Pipe mechanical reinforcement specific gravity