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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM FIVE
( Students Copy )
Name: ___________________________
Class : ___________________________
3.1
Chapter 3:
Indefinite Integral
Learning Objective
3.1.0 Understand and use the concept of indefinite integral.
Learning Outcome
3.1.1 Determine integrals by reversing differentiation.
You have probably wondered if it is possible to find a function given its
gradient function. For example, if
dy
= 6x + 2, is it possible to find y ?
dx
Example :
(6 x 2)dx .
6x + 2 with respect to x.
x
y = f(x)
Process of
Process of
__________________
___________________
Gradient of tangent, m=
dy
dx
y
m=
dy
dx
Chapter 3:
Differentiation,
dy
d
=
(3x)
dx
dx
dy
dx
=3
y = 3x + 1
dy
d
=
(3x + 1) = 3
dx
dx
y = 3x + 2
dy
d
=
(3x + 2) =
dx
dx
y = 3x
y = 3x + 2
2
y = 3x + 5
dy
d
=
(3x2)
dx
dx
6x dx = 3x2 + c
y = 3x 4 + 3
dy
d
=
(3x4)
= 12x3
dx
dx
dy
d
=
(3x4 + 3) =
dx
dx
y = 3x 4 + 4
dy
d
=
dx
dx
y = 3x4
3 dx = 3x + c
= 6x
dy
d
=
(3x2 + 2) =
dx
dx
dy
d
=
dx
dx
Integration
dx =
3. In each of the following cases, the derivative of a function where c is a constant is given.
Match the functions.
d (4x + c) = 4
dx
(10x ) dx
f(x) = 4x + c
d (5x2 + c) = 10x
dx
(6x -2) dx
f(x) = 5x2 + c
d (3x2 2x + c) = 6x 2
dx
4 dx
f(x) = 4x 2 + 3x + c
d (4x 2 + 3x + c) = 8x + 3
dx
(8x + 3) dx
f(x) = 3x2 2x + c
Learning Outcome
3.1.2 Determine integrals of axn , where a is a constant and n is an integer, n
3
-1.
Chapter 3:
ax n dx = a
x n 1
+c,
n 1
-1.
3 x4 dx
Solution:
=>
3 x4 dx = 3
x 4 1
+ c
4 1
= 3 x5 + c
5
b)
2
dx
x4
Solution:
=>
2 x -4 dx =
Step 1 : Keeping the original coefficient.
=> 2
Step 2 : Add 1 to the index of the term.
-4 + 1
Step 3 : Divide the term by the new
index.
(-4 + 1)
Step 4 : Add an arbitrary constant c.
2 dx =
b.
= 2x 0 dx
=2 x
0+1
5 x 3 dx
=5x
3+1
c.
+c
=3x
=5x
+c
=3x
=2x1+c
+c
= -3 x -1 +
e.
3
x 2 dx
= x
+c
+c
0+1
d.
3x -2 dx
+c
f.
2
x 5 dx
= x
+c
4
1
x
dx
= x
+c
= x
Chapter 3:
+c
x 2 dx
dx
x2
1
= x
=
+c
= x
+c
Learning Outcome
3.1.3 Determine integrals of a sum of algebraic expressions.
Formula for integration of a sum of algebraic expressions
[ f(x) g(x) ] dx =
f ( x)
dx
g ( x ) dx
(x2 + 3x 2) dx
x2 dx + 3x dx - 2 dx
2 1
b)
= (x2 + 3x 2x -2) dx
= (
) dx + (
) dx dx
11
x
x
+ 3(
)- 2x + c
2 1
11
3
(x2 + 3x x 2 ) dx
x
x
+ 3(
) - 2x + c
3
2
=
=
Chapter 3:
1.
(6 x 2)dx
2.
3x2 + 2x + c
3.
(6 x) dx + (2) dx
4.
6 x (1 + 1) + 2 x + c
(1 + 1)
(4x + 3) dx
=
2.
4x dx + 3 dx
= 4 x 1+1 + 3 x 0+1 + c
2
1
=
(x3 - 4x + 2) dx
x3 dx - 4x dx + 2 dx
= x
x
+ c
- 4x
+2x
+c
4. Identify the errors in the following integration solutions. Show the correct solutions.
(4x3 + 5x2 2) dx
= 4x3 dx + 5x2 dx - 2 dx
a)
3+1
b)
= 4x3 dx +
dx
2+1
= 4x
+ 5x
3+1
2+1
= 4(
2
) dx
x2
5x2 dx - 2x -2
= 4x 3 + 1 + 5x 2 + 1 2x -2 + c
3+1
2+1
-2
5 3
x4
)+
x
3
4
= x4 +
(4x3 + 5x2
= 4x 4 + 5x 3 - 2x -2 + c
4
3
-2
5
x
3
= x4 +
5 3
x + x -2 + c
3
Learning Outcome
3.1.4 Find the constants of integration, c, in indefinite integrals.
Function/Equation, y = 3x2 + 2x + c
6
+ c
Chapter 3:
Process of
Integration
Process of
Differentiation
Gradient of tangent,
dy
= 6x + 2
dx
To find the value of c, identify for the particular points on the curve (a pair of value of x and
y) which is given in the question, then substitute the given information to the equation y.
1. If
dy
= 6x + 2, find the constant of integration, c, given that y = 3 and x = 1.
dx
(6 x 2)dx
= 6
x2
+ 2x + c
2
= 3x + 2x + c
Then,
) = 3(
)2 + 2(
)+c
+c
c =
2. Find the value of c.
dy
dx
Equation , y
2
P(0,5)
6x + 2
y= 3x + 2x + c
Q(-1,6)
6x + 2
y=
R(0,-3)
6x + 2
y=
S(-1,-2)
6x + 2
y=
-1
-3
-1
-2
Q(-1,6)
0
S(-1,-2)
x
-3
(6 x 2)dx =
7
=>
Chapter 3:
y=
c=
c=
c=
c=
Learning Outcome
3.1.5 Determine equation of the curves form the functions of gradients.
1.
If
dy
= 8x + 1, find the constant of integration, c, given that y = 0 and x = 1.
dx
Then,
(8 x 1)dx
= 8
= 4x2 + x + c
( ) = 4(
x2
+x+c
2
)2 + ( ) + c
=
c =
2. Determine the equation of the curve that has the gradient function
the point P..
a)
b)
8
dy
and passes through
dx
The curve
passing through
Gradient function ,
P(0,6)
=>
The curve
passing through
dy
dx
x+3
=>
dx
+c
2x 1
dx
y =
+c
+c
c=
+c
c=
Learning Outcome
3.1.6 Determine integrals of (ax + b)n .
Formula for integration of (ax + b)n .
+c,
-1.
(n + 1) (a)
(3x 2)4 dx
b)
(4x + 5
) 2 dx
= (3x 2 )4 + 1 + c
(3)(4 + 1)
= (3x 2 )5 + c
15
=
=
(5x 1)2 dx
= (5x - 1)
2+1
b)
+
dy
dx
dy
= 2x - 1
dx
y =
y =
Gradient function ,
P(-2,5)
dy
=x+3
dx
y =
Chapter 3:
(4x + 5)3 dx
= (4x + 5)
+
9
c)
(3x 7) . 2 dx
= (3x 7)
2+1
3
= (5x - 1)
5
Chapter 3:
= (4x + 5)
= (3x 7)
= (4x + 5)
= (3x 7)
= (5x - 1)
15
(3x + 4)2 dx
=-
3
(2x 1)-1 + c
2
2.
(2x 3)3 dx
=-
1
(5x 1)-2 + c
10
3.
3(1 4x)5 dx
=-
1
(1 4x)6 + c
8
4.
(5x 1)-3 dx
1
(3x + 4)3 + c
9
5.
1
(2x 3)4 + c
8
3.2
Definite Integral
3
. dx
2
(2x 1)
Learning Objective
3.2.0 Understand and use the concept of definite integral.
Learning Outcome
3.2.1 Find definite integrals of algebraic expressions.
Definite integral ,
b
a
y dx = [ g(x) ] a
=
g(b) g(a)
3
1
x3 3
]
3 1
(3) 3
(1) 3
= [
][
]
3
3
x2 dx = [
b)
=[
2
x 3 3x 2
+ x]0
3
2
=
10
(x2 - 3x + 1) dx
= [9]- [
1
]
3
26
3
Chapter 3:
3
1
(6x + 2) dx
1.
3
6 2
x + 2x ] 1
2
2.
28
3
[ 3x2 + 2x ] 1
3.
4.
[ 33 ] [ 5 ]
5.
[ 3(3)2 + 2(3) ] [3(1)2 + 2(1) ]
3. Evalute
definite
integral
3
0
3
0
4 x dx
=[ 2 x2
= 2(3)2 2(0)2
= [ 4()
= 18
Learning Outcome
3.2.3 Determine areas under curves using formula.
Applications of integration
b
Chapter 3:
Process of
Integration,
definite integral ,
dx
b
a
y
y = f(x)
x
Equation, y = f(x)
Function/Equation, y
Process of
Integration
Process of
Differentiation
Gradient of tangent, m=
dy
dx
y
m=
dy
dx
b
a
y dx = [ g(x) ] a
Chapter 3:
f(x) dx =
f(x) dx +
f(x) dx
a
0
will be - a
f(x) dx or
f(x) dx .
b
a
x dy .
b
a
f(x) dx
f(x) dx
2 f(x) dx
A=
c
a
f(x) dx
-b
2. Given that
a)
=3
6
3
3f(x) dx
6
3
A= 2
0
b
-a 0
dx
b
a
A = a
b
a
f(x) dx
f(x) dx +
b
a
c
b
f(x)
f(x) dx
f(x) dx
=
3
6
f(x) dx
c)
dx
f(x) dx
=
=3
=
=
13
5
3
f(x) dx +
f(x) dx
6
5
f(x)
Chapter 3:
3. Shade the area of the region between the curve and x-axis.
y
a)
b) y
c)
d)
x
-a 0
A=
y dx
-a
A=
a
b
-a 0
y dx
A
a
= - 0 y dx +
dx
dx
y dx -
Shade the area of the region between the curve and y-axis.
y
e)
f)
b
a
A=
b
a
g)
0
-a
x dy
A=
b
0
c
b
h)
-a
-a
x dy
A
b
= - - a x dy +
dy
dy
x dy -
c
b
4. State the area , A ,of the shaded region in each of the following in definite integral form.
a)
b)
y=g(x)
y=f(x)
-a
y=g(x)
c)
y
y=f(x)
0
y=g(x)
a b
y=f(x)
A=
b
-a
f(x)dx -
g(x)dx
b
-a
A=
A=
5. Shade the area of the region between the curve and straight line.
y
a)
0
b)
y=g(x)
y=f(x)
x
y=g(x)
-a
y=f(x)
c)
y=f(x)
y=g(x)
0
14
-a
b c
A=
f(x)dx +
g(x)dx
A=
0
-a
f(x)dx +
g(x)dx
Chapter 3:
A=
g(x)dx -
-a
f(x)dx
b
-a
b).
y
y= x +1
y2 = x + 2
3
1
Solution :
Area =
=
Solution :
2
y dx
y = x2 + 1
= [ x
]- [
)
- (
= (
-2y
]- [
)
- (
)
unit2
dy
= [
x dy
= [
unit2
= [ y
= [
+ x ]
= [
= (
Area =
dx
y2 = x + 2
y -2 =x
x = y2 2
2
15
y= x2 + 2
y = 4x -1
Solution :
Chapter 3:
Solution :
Learning Outcome
3.2.5 Determine the volumes of revolutions using formula.
Applications of integration
Volume of revolution,
b
a
y2 dx .
16
b
a
y dx .
Chapter 3:
x
a
b
b
Process of
Integration,
Process of
Integration,
definite integral ,
dx
b
a
y2
definite integral ,
dx
b
a
y
y = f(x)
x
Equation, y = f(x)
Function/Equation, y
Process of
Integration
Process of
Differentiation
Gradient of tangent, m=
dy
dx
y
m=
dy
dx
Volume of revolution
y
y
y = f(x)
a
b =
Volume of revolution,
V
b
a
x y2 dx
Volume of revolution,
V =
a
b
a
x2 dy
Chapter 3:
1 a) Draw the solid of revolution when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about
x-axis.
i
ii
iii
iv
y
y
y
y
1 b) Draw the solid of revolution when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about
y-axis.
i
ii
iii
iv
y
y
y
y
0
x
0
2. Arrange and rewrite the process of integration to find the volume of revolution.
Find the volume of revolution generated when the part of the curve y = x2 from x =1
to x = 2 is rotated through 360 about x-axis.
a)
1 2
1.
V=
V=
2.
12
3.
4.
5.
2
1
(x 2)2 dx
x 41
]
4 1
2
1
(x 2 )2 dx
12
18
y2 dx
x 4 dx
0x
WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)
Integration
6.
7.
8.
9.
Chapter 3:
x5
] 12
5
[ ( 32 ) - ( 1 ) ]
5
5
31
[
]
5
5
5
[ ( 2 ) - (1 ) ]
5
5
unit3
Find the volume of revolution generated when the part of the curve y = x2 from y =1
to y = 2 is rotated through 360 about y-axis.
y
2
1
x
x2 dy
1.
V=
V=
2.
y 11
]
11
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
[
2
(y )
2
1
dy
y2
] 12
2
[(4 ) -(1 )]
2
2
3
[
]
2
2
2
[ ( 2 ) - (1 ) ]
2
2
unit3
a) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the x-axis through 360.
y
y=x +1
V=
=
y2 dx
(
(
rotated about
the x-axis
0
2
0
[
= {[
=
)2 dx
) dx
2
] 0
][(
19
] }
{[
Chapter 3:
][
] }
unit3
b) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the y-axis through 360.
y
y=x
x2 dy
(
] 0
{[ (
)] [(
{[
V=
x
0
rotated about
the y-axis
) dy
)] }
][
] }
unit3
c) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated about
the y-axis through 360.
y
y =x
2
0
V=
=
=
=
=
=
=
20
2
0
x2 dy
rotated about
the y-axis