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ArticleLink:http://www.webmd.com/heart/understandinglowbloodpressurebasics

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Understanding Low Blood Pressure -- the Basics

In this article
What Is Low Blood Pressure?
What Causes Low Blood Pressure?

What Is Low Blood Pressure?

Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure (less than 90/60).
A blood pressure reading appears as two numbers. The first and higher of the two is a measure of systolic
pressure, or the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and fills them with blood. The second number
measures diastolic pressure, or the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
Optimal blood pressure is less than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic). In healthy people, low blood pressure
without any symptoms is not usually a concern and does not need to be treated. But low blood pressure can
be a sign of an underlying problem -- especially in the elderly -- where it may cause inadequate blood flow to
the heart, brain, and other vital organs.

Chronic low blood pressure with no symptoms is almost never serious. But health problems can occur when
blood pressure drops suddenly and the brain is deprived of an adequate blood supply. This can lead to
dizziness or lightheadedness. Sudden drops in blood pressure most commonly occur in someone who's
rising from a lying down or sitting position to standing. This kind of low blood pressure is known as postural
hypotension or orthostatic hypotension. Another type of low blood pressure can occur when someone
stands for a long period of time. This is called neurally mediated hypotension.
Postural hypotension is considered a failure of the cardiovascular system or nervous system to react
appropriately to sudden changes. Normally, when you stand up, some blood pools in your lower extremities.
Uncorrected, this would cause your blood pressure to fall. But your body normally compensates by sending
messages to your heart to beat faster and to your blood vessels to constrict. This offsets the drop in blood
pressure. If this does not happen, or happens too slowly, postural hypotension results.
The risk of both low and high blood pressure normally increases with age due in part to normal changes
during aging. In addition, blood flow to the heart muscle and the brain declines with age, often as a result of
plaque buildup in blood vessels. An estimated 10% to 20% of people over age 65 have postural hypotension.

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