5 C

Table 5c.
Distribution of labour force by status in employment

Last Updated: December 2012
Percentage
employees
Country
Year
Women
Men
Percentage
employers
Women
Percentage ownaccount workers
Percentage
contributing family
workers
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Source
Algeria
2010
35.9
32.4
8.5
3.4
LFS
American Samoa
1990
98.5
97.0
1.2
2.9
0.3
0.1
PC
Anguilla
2001
66.1
63.2
21.7
12.9
1.4
2.2
3.6
8.0
PC
Antigua and Barbuda
2001
82.0
77.4
2.4
4.8
6.5
8.7
0.5
0.5
HS
Argentina
2011
81.3
73.8
2.6
5.8
14.9
20.0
1.2
0.4
LFS
Armenia
2008
59.6
62.3
0.2
2.0
23.1
28.2
17.1
7.6
LFS
Aruba
2007
93.8
87.5
2.5
6.3
2.9
5.3
0.4
0.1
HS
Australia
2011
91.4
86.7
0.3
0.2
HS
Austria
2011
88.7
84.1
2.6
6.8
6.3
7.2
2.3
1.9
ELFS
Azerbaijan
2008
b, e
37.0
47.7
0.9
4.9
62.1
47.4
HS
Bahamas
2011
90.3
80.5
9.0
18.8
0.4
0.2
LFS
Bahrain
2010
99.0
96.2
0.6
2.1
0.4
1.7
0.8
0.5
OE
Bangladesh
2005
b, g
11.7
14.5
0.1
0.3
26.4
74.8
60.1
9.7
HS
Barbados
2004
89.5
79.5
0.5
1.9
9.7
17.9
0.2
0.0
HS
Belgium
2011
89.5
82.5
1.9
6.0
6.7
11.0
1.9
0.5
ELFS
Belize
2005
b, h
73.9
66.9
4.5
8.4
17.2
20.9
4.3
3.7
HS
Benin
2003
Bhutan
2011
Bolivia
2009
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2011
Botswana
4.2
16.3
77.5
69.8
18.2
13.9
CWIQ
16.7
39.9
0.2
0.2
48.7
35.5
34.4
24.4
LFS
32.9
46.2
2.7
6.6
31.7
34.7
32.7
12.6
HS
74.3
75.0
15.2
22.8
10.2
2.3
LFS
2006
j, k
58.6
62.2
2.5
4.8
34.6
30.8
4.4
2.1
HS
Brazil
2009
69.2
64.3
2.7
5.5
16.1
23.7
6.3
3.4
HS
British Virgin Islands
1991
91.1
83.1
3.9
7.3
4.1
8.7
0.4
0.3
PC
Brunei Darussalam
1991
96.1
94.4
0.5
1.2
2.8
4.1
0.6
0.4
PC
Bulgaria
2011
90.5
85.3
2.3
4.9
5.9
9.0
1.3
0.8
ELFS
Burkina Faso
2006
4.0
9.7
0.4
1.1
23.9
60.2
69.2
26.5
PC
Cambodia
2011
27.1
35.8
0.0
0.0
58.8
47.9
13.9
16.2
SES
Cameroon
2010
11.2
28.6
1.6
4.8
50.0
44.3
37.2
22.3
LFS
Canada
2011
b,f,n
92.0
90.1
0.1
0.1
HS
Cape Verde
2000
33.0
43.8
1.6
3.3
29.2
29.4
14.8
6.5
PC
Cayman Islands
2008
b,o
94.6
86.9
2.7
7.6
2.0
4.9
HS
Chad
1993
0.8
8.8
0.1
0.3
53.6
76.4
44.4
13.2
PC
Chile
2011
62.2
72.7
2.2
0.9
HS
China, Macao SAR
2011
b, a
95.5
89.5
1.5
4.6
2.2
5.7
0.6
0.1
LFS
China, Hong Kong
2011
b, p
94.4
85.9
1.7
5.2
3.3
8.8
0.7
0.1
HS
Colombia
2010
48.0
45.4
2.8
6.4
42.1
44.4
7.1
3.7
HS
Congo
2005
8.6
35.5
0.5
1.7
84.7
56.8
4.7
3.3
CWIQ
Costa Rica
2011
78.9
74.2
2.2
4.8
17.2
20.0
1.7
1.0
HS
Cte d'Ivoire
2002
12.2
25.4
0.4
0.6
39.8
53.7
44.2
15.8
LSS
Croatia
2011
78.2
76.6
3.1
6.0
13.2
16.2
5.5
1.2
ELFS
Cuba
2010
94.0
77.5
4.1
16.6
HS
Cyprus
2011
87.8
76.6
1.6
7.4
8.2
14.6
2.4
1.4
ELFS
Czech Republic
2011
87.1
78.1
1.8
4.9
10.1
16.8
1.0
0.2
ELFS
Denmark
2011
94.6
87.6
1.7
5.4
3.4
6.9
0.4
0.2
ELFS
Djibouti
1996
s,t
30.1
72.8
0.9
1.4
67.7
26.6
HS
Dominica
2001
75.6
63.6
3.3
6.1
18.6
28.2
1.9
1.2
PC
Dominican Republic
2010
45.4
39.3
2.2
3.9
19.6
46.7
2.1
1.6
HS
Ecuador
2010
48.6
58.7
1.9
4.4
32.0
30.7
17.5
6.2
HS
El Salvador
2010
51.1
63.4
2.9
5.0
38.4
25.1
7.6
6.5
HS
Equatorial Guinea
1983
u,f
Estonia
2011
Ethiopia
2005
b,i
Fiji
2005
Finland
2011
France
2011
French Polynesia
2002
Gabon
2005
Germany
Ghana
6.0
30.7
16.8
51.8
76.5
16.5
PC
94.8
88.2
1.6
6.0
3.4
5.4
0.2
0.3
ELFS
6.2
9.3
0.2
0.9
24.8
54.8
68.5
34.6
HS
56.6
59.4
1.1
1.1
19.5
26.5
19.9
12.3
HS
91.2
82.4
2.2
5.9
6.2
11.2
0.4
0.6
ELFS
92.2
84.9
2.3
6.4
4.7
8.5
0.8
0.3
ELFS
83.6
78.7
13.4
19.2
3.0
2.1
PC
34.5
52.2
0.8
1.4
57.1
42.7
6.7
2.3
CWIQ
2011
91.5
85.6
2.5
6.7
5.1
7.4
0.9
0.3
ELFS
2006
10.9
29.7
3.7
5.4
56.9
53.1
28.5
11.7
LSS
Greece
2011
68.4
60.2
4.3
10.1
18.7
26.3
8.5
3.3
ELFS
Grenada
1998
75.2
68.6
4.1
6.6
17.3
17.3
1.7
0.7
HS
Guatemala
2004
39.2
49.2
2.5
5.5
37.0
29.9
21.4
15.5
HS
Haiti
1990
f,i
21.2
17.4
65.8
68.9
11.2
12.3
OE
Honduras
2010
41.3
46.0
1.9
2.7
44.9
38.0
11.9
13.3
HS
Hungary
2011
91.5
84.9
3.2
7.1
4.7
7.8
0.6
0.3
ELFS
Iceland
2011
91.0
83.2
2.3
5.9
6.2
10.1
0.0
0.1
ELFS
India
2010
14.5
19.4
0.4
1.3
51.1
68.3
33.9
11.0
HS
Iran, Islamic Republic of
2008
46.8
54.4
0.9
5.7
22.7
35.1
29.7
4.8
HS
Ireland
2011
92.5
75.3
2.3
7.2
4.5
17.0
0.7
0.5
ELFS
Isle of Man
2001
92.3
79.7
2.4
6.1
5.3
14.2
PC
Israel
2011
91.7
83.5
0.2
0.1
HS
Italy
2011
81.8
70.5
3.6
8.7
12.4
19.7
2.2
1.1
ELFS
Jamaica
2008
66.6
55.3
2.1
3.9
28.9
40.3
2.1
0.4
HS
Japan
2011
88.7
87.1
5.6
1.0
HS
Jordan
2011
94.9
82.2
2.0
7.1
2.5
10.2
0.3
0.4
LFS
Kazakhstan
2011
66.5
67.9
1.7
2.5
30.7
28.4
0.8
0.8
LFS
Kenya
1999
19.3
46.4
24.5
23.1
53.2
26.9
LFS
Kuwait
2005
99.5
96.6
0.2
0.7
0.3
2.7
0.0
0.0
PC
Kyrgyzstan
2006
51.7
50.2
0.6
1.5
27.8
38.6
19.3
8.8
HS
Lao People's Democratic Re
2005
8.0
15.5
0.2
0.4
26.7
57.4
65.0
26.8
PC
Latvia
2011
90.8
86.3
2.4
4.9
5.6
7.6
1.1
1.1
ELFS
Lebanon
2007
81.6
55.7
1.7
12.1
10.0
27.7
5.9
4.0
HS
Lesotho
1999
29.9
22.5
0.8
0.7
63.4
73.0
HS
Liberia
2010
8.7
27.5
1.8
2.3
68.9
56.1
19.7
12.5
LFS
Lithuania
2011
91.2
87.6
1.3
3.5
5.9
7.6
1.5
1.3
ELFS
Luxembourg
2011
92.5
90.4
1.5
3.5
5.1
5.7
0.4
0.4
ELFS
TFYR of Macedonia
2011
75.8
69.2
3.6
7.1
5.9
17.6
14.9
6.1
ELFS
Madagascar
2005
b,f,u
10.8
16.0
16.1
51.8
73.0
32.1
HS
Malawi
1987
3.9
29.0
0.0
0.1
95.7
70.7
0.4
0.3
PC
b,h
i,e
Malaysia
2010
78.4
72.0
1.7
5.2
12.1
20.1
7.8
2.6
Maldives
2006
45.0
61.1
1.1
4.8
24.1
11.6
22.9
7.9
PC
Mali
2007
f,x
3.6
12.4
55.0
58.0
34.1
18.5
HS
Malta
2011
93.8
82.8
2.1
5.4
4.5
11.8
0.0
0.1
ELFS
Marshall Islands
1999
67.7
72.9
0.0
1.4
29.0
24.3
0.0
1.4
PC
Mauritius
2011
85.5
78.5
1.6
5.3
8.9
15.6
4.0
0.6
HS
Mexico
2011
65.2
66.9
9.1
4.3
HS
Mongolia
2009
44.7
37.7
0.6
1.8
19.3
50.1
35.1
10.3
LFS
Montenegro
2011
88.7
79.5
10.4
19.4
0.8
1.0
LFS
Montserrat
1991
87.4
78.3
2.6
5.7
8.9
13.7
0.5
1.1
PC
Mozambique
2003
Namibia
2008
Nepal
2001
Netherlands
2011
New Caledonia
1996
New Zealand
Nicaragua
LFS
3.0
15.7
1.1
6.2
39.1
65.4
56.8
12.7
IES
80.3
82.2
2.8
6.1
15.3
10.2
1.2
1.0
LFS
12.8
33.7
3.7
3.9
70.6
56.7
12.9
5.7
PC
88.5
82.0
2.0
5.4
8.5
12.3
1.0
0.3
ELFS
f,h
89.1
80.5
10.4
19.3
0.5
0.3
PC
2011
87.5
79.8
1.3
0.7
HS
2010
41.5
49.2
2.8
9.7
36.0
25.2
19.7
15.8
HS
Niger
2005
3.9
5.9
0.3
0.7
86.4
79.8
2.8
3.3
CWIQ
Norway
2011
96.0
90.3
1.0
2.6
2.9
7.0
0.1
0.2
ELFS
Occupied Palestinian Territo
2010
67.1
67.7
1.4
7.4
12.0
20.2
19.5
4.7
LFS
Oman
2000
k,y,t,b
87.8
87.8
0.6
2.0
9.2
9.6
HS
Pakistan
2008
i,b
22.1
39.5
0.0
1.2
12.8
39.6
65.0
19.7
HS
Panama
2011
73.9
63.8
2.2
3.6
18.4
29.8
5.5
2.8
HS
Paraguay
2011
i, z
51.7
53.1
2.5
6.7
37.1
30.9
8.5
9.1
HS
Peru
2008
h,a1
49.3
58.8
3.4
7.5
38.2
29.0
8.7
4.5
HS
Poland
2011
80.4
74.9
2.9
5.3
11.5
17.3
5.2
2.5
ELFS
Portugal
2011
83.0
75.2
3.0
7.0
13.2
17.3
0.8
0.5
ELFS
Puerto Rico
2011
a,b
92.3
78.1
7.7
21.9
LFS
Republic of Korea
2011
73.6
70.4
10.7
1.2
HS
Republic of Moldova
2011
b1
75.0
66.3
0.4
0.9
20.1
31.0
4.4
1.8
LFS
Romania
2011
67.4
67.3
0.7
1.6
12.3
24.1
19.6
7.1
ELFS
Russian Federation
2008
c1
93.3
92.1
1.1
1.8
5.3
5.8
0.1
0.1
HS
Rwanda
1996
3.3
9.4
0.0
0.1
65.5
56.2
30.0
32.7
HS
Saint Kitts and Nevis
2001
88.7
81.8
1.7
4.8
6.1
9.5
0.8
0.5
PC
Saint Lucia
2000
70.6
58.8
3.1
7.3
23.8
30.9
1.4
0.5
HS
Saint Vincent and the Gren
1991
79.4
71.2
3.3
6.8
14.5
19.8
2.7
2.1
PC
Samoa
2001
59.1
44.2
5.2
4.6
35.7
51.2
PC
Sao Tome and Principe
1991
68.9
72.3
0.1
0.5
29.1
25.1
0.7
0.8
PC
Senegal
2001
15.1
26.1
59.4
49.7
24.7
23.5
LSS
Serbia
2010
72.7
67.2
2.6
4.7
11.3
23.4
13.3
4.7
LFS
Seychelles
1987
k,t
85.9
78.5
1.0
1.4
5.1
13.9
PC
Sierra Leone
2004
i,f
3.7
11.3
74.7
73.9
21.6
14.8
PC
Singapore
2011
d1
89.6
81.4
3.3
7.1
6.0
11.1
1.2
0.4
LFS
Slovakia
2011
90.3
79.2
2.1
4.6
7.5
16.2
0.1
0.0
ELFS
Slovenia
2011
86.6
80.3
2.1
4.9
6.0
11.5
5.3
3.4
ELFS
South Africa
2011
86.0
83.4
2.8
7.5
10.1
8.6
1.2
0.5
LFS
Spain
2011
87.6
80.0
3.3
6.7
8.0
12.6
1.0
0.6
ELFS
Sri Lanka
2010
i,b,e1
54.3
56.1
0.8
3.5
22.6
35.9
22.4
4.4
LFS
Suriname
1998
86.8
77.8
0.2
0.9
9.2
18.8
1.6
0.9
HS
Swaziland
1997
67.4
82.7
1.3
1.6
28.1
13.7
1.5
0.8
PC
Sweden
2011
94.0
85.5
1.7
5.6
4.1
8.7
0.2
0.2
ELFS
Switzerland
2011
86.8
82.7
3.2
8.3
7.2
7.4
2.8
1.5
ELFS
Syrian Arab Republic
2011
83.0
59.7
1.0
4.9
7.8
32.9
8.2
2.4
HS
Tajikistan
2003
l,f
47.6
57.6
18.9
17.9
33.5
24.5
LSS
Tanzania, United Republic o
2006
f1,g1
6.1
15.3
1.0
2.6
79.9
72.4
13.0
9.7
LFS
Thailand
2011
43.0
44.8
1.3
3.4
26.0
36.5
29.7
15.1
LFS
Togo
2006
l,f
5.7
16.6
65.9
60.3
28.4
23.1
CWIQ
Tonga
2003
41.1
47.5
0.9
1.3
40.1
34.2
19.4
18.0
LFS
Trinidad and Tobago
2005
83.0
76.4
2.8
5.5
11.4
17.0
1.7
0.3
HS
Turkey
2011
51.6
65.8
1.2
6.8
11.7
22.6
35.4
4.8
ELFS
Turks and Caicos Islands
2007
96.1
94.3
HS
Tuvalu
2002
97.5
95.5
0.8
2.2
1.5
2.0
0.1
0.2
PC
Ukraine
2008
80.7
83.2
18.9
16.5
0.3
0.4
HS
United Arab Emirates
2008
99.0
95.1
0.7
3.6
0.3
1.4
0.0
0.0
HS
United Kingdom
2011
90.5
81.3
1.4
3.5
7.5
14.7
0.5
0.2
ELFS
United States
2011
a,b,f
94.5
99.1
5.4
7.9
0.1
0.1
HS
Uruguay
2010
h,a1
75.7
70.8
2.8
6.0
19.6
22.5
1.6
0.6
HS
Vanuatu
2009
22.7
29.4
1.0
1.8
65.3
58.1
9.2
8.5
HS
Venezuela, Bolivarian Repub 2011
61.1
54.8
1.6
4.7
32.2
31.9
1.1
0.5
LFS
Yemen
1999
13.8
50.7
0.4
2.7
23.6
33.4
61.9
12.8
HS
Zimbabwe
2002
23.1
51.0
0.3
0.6
62.9
38.0
13.6
10.4
PC
h1,f
Footnotes
Data not available.
Refers to age group 16+.
Refers to civilian labour force.
Geographic limitation - 31 Urban Agglomerations.
Refers to age group 15-75.
Own-account workers includes contributing family workers.
Own-account workers includes employers.
Own-account workers includes members of producers' cooperatives.
Excluding conscripts
Coverage is not specified
Excluding residents of the Territories and indigenous persons living on reserves
Total self-employed does not include contributing family workers.
Excluding institutional population
Data for males refers to ages 17-59 and data for females to ages 17-54.
Own-account workers includes persons not classifiable by status.
Total self-employed does not include contributing family workers.
Contributing family workers includes apprentices.
Omani nationals only.
Excluding the departments of Boquern and Alto Paraguay
a1
Urban areas
b1
Employers includes members of producers' cooperatives.
c1
d1
Data refer to permanent residents.
e1
Excluding the Northern province
f1
Tanzania mainland excluding Zanzibar
g1
Own-account workers includes subsistence farmers.
h1
Sources:
International Labour Office Table 3. Status in employment, published in Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM).
Also available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm.
LFS
Labour force survey
PC
Population census
HS
Household or labour force survey
ELFS
European Labour Force Survey (Eurostat)
OE
Official estimates
CWIQ Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (World Bank)

LSS
Living standards survey
IES
Household income and expenditure survey
SES
Socio-economic survey
Technical notes:
The distribution of workers (aged 15 years and older) of each sex by status in employment is shown for employees,
employers, own-account workers and contributing family workers only. These groups may not sum to 100 per cent, because
members of producers' cooperatives and workers not classifiable by status are not shown.
The four groups are as defined in the International Classification by Status in Employment (ICSE-1993):
Employees are all those workers who hold the type of job defined as "paid employment jobs". Paid employment jobs are
those jobs where the workers hold an explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contract that provides a basic
remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Some or all of the tools,
capital equipment, information systems and/or premises used by the workers may be owned by others, and the workers may
perform their duties under direct supervision of, or according to strict guidelines set by the owner or persons in the owners
employment.
Employers are those workers who, working on their own-account or with one or few partners, hold the type of job defined as
a "self-employment job" and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference period) have engaged one or
more persons to work for them in their business as "employee(s)". Self-employment jobs are those jobs where the
remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential profits) derived from the goods and services produced
(where own consumption is considered to be part of the profits).
Own-account workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or more partners, hold a "selfemployment job" and have not engaged on a continuous basis any "employees" to work for them during the reference
period.
Contributing family workers are those workers who hold a "self-employment" job in a market-oriented establishment
operated by a related person living in the same household, who cannot be regarded as a partner, because their degree of
commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of working time or other factors to be determined by national
circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment. (Where it is customary for young
persons, in particular, to work without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a related person who does not live in the
same household, the requirement of "living in the same household" may be eliminated).

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Table 5c.

Distribution of labour force by status in employment

Percentage ownaccount workers

Antigua and Barbuda

Bosnia and Herzegovina

British Virgin Islands

China, Macao SAR

China, Hong Kong

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Lao People's Democratic Re

Occupied Palestinian Territo

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Vincent and the Gren

Sao Tome and Principe

Syrian Arab Republic

Tanzania, United Republic o

Trinidad and Tobago

Turks and Caicos Islands

United Arab Emirates

Venezuela, Bolivarian Repub 2011

Data not available.

Refers to age group 16+.

Refers to civilian labour force.

Geographic limitation - 31 Urban Agglomerations.

Refers to age group 15-75.

Own-account workers includes contributing family workers.

Own-account workers includes employers.

Own-account workers includes members of producers' cooperatives.

Refers to age group 14+.

Refers to age group 10+.

Refers to age group 12+.

Coverage is not specified

Refers to age group 15-64.

Excluding residents of the Territories and indigenous persons living on reserves

Total self-employed does not include contributing family workers.

Excluding institutional population

Refers to age group 15-74.

Own-account workers includes persons not classifiable by status.

Total self-employed does not include contributing family workers.

Refers to age group 6+.

Refers to age group 15-55.

Refers to age group 16-74.

Contributing family workers includes apprentices.

Omani nationals only.

Excluding the departments of Boquern and Alto Paraguay

Employers includes members of producers' cooperatives.

Refers to age group 15-72.

Data refer to permanent residents.

Excluding the Northern province

Tanzania mainland excluding Zanzibar

Own-account workers includes subsistence farmers.

Refers to age group 15-70.

Labour force survey

Household or labour force survey

European Labour Force Survey (Eurostat)

CWIQ Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (World Bank)

Living standards survey

Household income and expenditure survey

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