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The communications need the support of a common language, which is the communications protocol. The
following chart shows the protocols most commonly used in different levels of industrial communications
networks. At the moment, the most popular device bus protocols are Ethernet TCP/IP, Modbus-RTU, ProfibusDP and DeviceNet.
Modbus
Modbus is a message handling structure introduced by Modicon in 1979. Modbus is an application level
protocol based on the OSI model. It is independent of the physical layer.
Modbus is based on a Master/Slave concept. One device is the master and sends requests to read or write data
to each slave in turn. Slaves answer to requests from the Master. Even though you can have many devices
connected to one serial line only one device can talk at a time.
Modbus/TCP
Modbus/TCP is an excellent choice for large sites applications. Modbus/TCP uses the standard 100 Mbps
Ethernet media in physical layers to carry the Modbus message handling structure. It offers very fast speed and
big number of devices in one network; it is easier to integrate MCC into the Local Area Network (LAN) of a
company, so it is the choice of more and more customers.
Unlike Modbus-RTU, Modbus/TCP works on a Client/Server concept:
Many devices are both client and server at the same time,
Ethernet switches take care of packet delivery to all a devices at the same time.
Everyone can talk at the same time: multiple devices can initiate communications, not just one.
Increases system response time by parallel communications.
Multiple requests can be sent from one device to another without waiting for the first request to be
answered. A new piece of data is added to the Modbus frame called the Modbus Transaction identifier to
allow a response to be matched to a specific request.
The transmission media is much more flexible and costs are lower: fiber, radio etc.
The number of nodes on a single network is almost unlimited: maximum recommended is around 200,
but routers can be used to join several networks.
Profibus
Profibus (PROcess Filed BUS) is a protocol introduced by a fieldbus working group in 1987. It is supported by
PI (Profibus & Profinet International). Profibus-DP is the version of Profibus used at device level. It has been a
successful protocol in the last decades, especially in Europe. Profibus-DP. It supports communications up to 12
Mbps it, but actually 1.5 Mbps is the most practical maximum value in applications. In order to achieve a
transmission speed up to 12 Mbps it requires additional constraints such as the suppression of bus derivations.
The network topology is a bus. The number of devices in a bus is limited. The use of specific repeaters may be
required in order to achieve the theoretical maximum number.
Synthetic view
The following table shows a short (non-exhaustive) comparison of these protocols:
Modbus RTU
Speed
up to 115 kbps
Max. distance without repeaters 1300 m
Profibus-DP
9.6 kbps to 12 Mbps
100m at 12Mbps
DeviceNet
125, 250 or 500 kbps
100m at 500kbps
1.2km at 10kbps
Max. number of devices
Max. distance with repeaters
32 without repeater:
1 master and 247 slaves
Depends on the type of repeater
500m at 125kbps
64: 1 master and 63 slaves
Depends on the type of repeater
Optical fibre:
. 2000 m (multi-mode)
. >2 km (mono-mode)
128 with I/O scanning; no
limit with others
10km optical fibre