Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Fall 2014
Format Requirements
A typical thesis is made up of three main parts
Preliminaries
Text
Supplementaries
Preliminary Pages
Flyleaf
Title page
Approval sheet
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Symbols (optional)
Text
Main body of the Thesis
The main text contains the following chapters:
Chapter 1) Introduction
It includes the following parts:
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Identification
1.3 Problem statement
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Rational of the study
1.6 Objectives of the study
1.7 Scope of Study
1.8 Definition of the terms
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations (practical and theoretical)
Limitations
Supplementaries
References or bibliography
Appendices (optional)
Preliminary Pages
These pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals at the bottom.
Flyleaf
Each thesis should have a flyleaf (a blank sheet with no page number assigned) at the
beginning and the end of the thesis.
Title Page
It includes,
Title: It summarizes the main idea of the paper. It should be a concise statement of the
main topic and should identify the actual variables. A title should be fully explanatory
when standing alone. Its principal function is to inform readers about the study.
Authors name (byline): the preferred form of an authors name is first name,
middle initial, and last name. This form reduces the likelihood of mistaken identity.
Institutional affiliation: the affiliation identifies the location where the author or
authors conducted the investigation, which is usually an institution.
The date shown must be the term and year of graduation in which the student is officially
graduating. Title must be the same on title page, approval sheet, and abstract. Titles
should be concise and descriptive. To facilitate indexing, titles should be indicative of the
contents. Avoid use of phrases such as "A Study of," "Effect of," "Laboratory Study of,"
etc. Abbreviations in titles are discouraged. However, recognized acronyms in the field
may be appropriate.
Approval Sheet
A number is awarded to this page but it should not be printed on the page.
Original signatures (in ink) must appear on hardbound copy of the thesis from;
o Head of the Department
o Supervisor
o Co-supervisor
o Internal examiner
o External examiners are required on the Approval Sheet of the thesis.
Abstract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the thesis. It allows
readers to survey the contents of a research quickly. It enables abstracting and
information services to index and retrieve articles. A good abstract is
Accurate: Ensure that the abstract correctly reflects the purpose and content of the
manuscript.
Concise and specific: Make each sentence maximally informative, especially the
lead sentence. Be as brief as possible. Begin the abstract with the most important
information.
Coherent and readable: Write in clear and vigorous prose. Use verbs rather than
their noun equivalents and the active rather than passive voice. Use the present tense to
describe results with continuing applicability or conclusions drawn. Use the past tense to
describe specific variable manipulated or tests applied. Use the third person rather than
the first person. Avoid sentences and phrases that contain no real information.
Purposiveness
Method
Conclusion/Major Findings
All theses require an abstract. The first page of the abstract is always numbered with small
Roman numeral i.e. iii. A sample abstract is shown in appendix A.
Paper Requirement
Standard-sized A4 paper (81/2 X 11 inch) of 90 grams must be used to prepare the final
copy of the thesis. Text must be printed on one side of the paper. All pages of the
Language
Thesis must be written in English.
Typeface
12-pt Times New Roman: It is the standard font for thesis.
Only 12-pt Times New Roman typeface must be used throughout the thesis. All text, page
numbers, table numbers, figure numbers, captions, and references must be in the same typeface.
For general text, the font size should be 12 points.
Single Spacing: Bibliography or list of reference entries, table and figure captions, and
data within large tables are to be single -spaced. Lengthy descriptions in the appendix
may also be single -spaced. Quoted material of more than three typewritten lines is
indented and single -spaced. Quoted material, which is three, lines or fewer may be single
-spaced for emphasis.
Text
The text pages, from beginning to end, are numbered with Arabic numerals.
Style of Font
Produce an accurate, clear, clean copy that will reproduce well. The 12-pt Times New
Roman style of type should be used throughout the thesis.
Print styles that are similar to standard typefaces are preferred. Italic type may be used for
foreign words, citation of titles, and special emphasis.
Margins
Requirement (minimum): Top1"; bottom-1"; left1"; right1" and 0.5 gutter. Gutter
helps for proper thesis binding.
The top margin of the first page of the preliminaries, chapters, appendices and
bibliographies is 2 inches. Margin sets for the different word processing systems will
vary. The right margin may be violated occasionally by one space and the bottom margin
by one line. Always continue the text to the bottom margin except at the end of a chapter.
WARNING: Photo reproduction results in a slight enlargement, therefore margins should
be strictly observed on the original. The bottom and right margin must never be less than
inch on reproduced copies.
These same margins are to be observed for tables, illustrative materials, bibliographies,
and appendices as well as in the text. Folded pages are not allowed in the text as they
may be damaged when the thesis is trimmed. Right justification is acceptable if the
printer does it properly, i.e., does not separate punctuation from characters and does not
leave large gaps in the text.
Page Numbering
Each page of the thesis must be assigned a number. Preliminary pages are numbered at
the bottom with lower case Roman numerals. Preliminary page number i.e. I is assigned
to, but not printed on, the title page.
The main text, typically starting with Chapter I, is numbered with Arabic numerals.
Begin each chapter on a new page. First pages of introduction or sections, appendices,
and bibliographies are either left unnumbered (though a number is always assigned) or
numbered at the bottom. All other text pages may have numbers placed either top or
bottom, and either centered on the text or aligned at the right margin of the text. Most
word processing programs will do this automatically and, generally, the automatic
placement will be acceptable as long as the following criteria are met. Text should never
fall outside the margins as specified in this manual. Page numbers may be inside or
outside the top or bottom margins, but never less than 1/2 inch from the edge of the page.
If inside the margin, the number should not be more than one line below the top margin
or above the bottom margin. There should never be less than one blank line between the
first or last text line and the page number. Stamped page numbers are discouraged.
Word Limit
Minimum Word limit is 30,000 with 2 line space.
Heading Level 5
Heading Level 1
Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
Heading Level 2
Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
Heading Level 3
Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase
Heading Level 4
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading
Each chapter is started on a new page. Headings for all preliminary pages must be
centered and in uppercase. (See appendix B)
Text Alignment
Justified text is recommended.
Paragraphs
When it is necessary to divide a paragraph at the end of a page, at least two lines should
appear at the bottom of the page and two at the top of the following page.
Endnotes
If endnotes are used, they may be placed in the supplementary at the end of thesis. Write
the endnotes under the heading of endnote".
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Computer Output
Computer output, including pen plotting and screen plotting, is acceptable provided the
material is dark, clear, readable copy transferred to acceptable paper. If the material is
tabular, room must be left at the top for the table number, caption, appropriate lines, and
columnar headings unless the entire table is to be printed by the computer printout
machine.
Supplementaries
References or Bibliography
The style for references should follow the format given on next page. The style used must
be consistent throughout the thesis. There are many good sources that may be consulted
for certain fields or to solve special problems. Advisers and committee members usually
have excellent references to suggest.
Appendices
Quality and format should be consistent with requirements for other parts of the thesis
including margins and reproduction. Computer printout must conform to margins.
Reductions must be clear and readable. Appendices may be treated in a fashion parallel to
that of chapters. That is, the first page of an appendix would have a one inch top margin
and begin with a title - e.g., "Appendix I," "Appendix: Diagrams." Alternatively, an
appendix may be introduced with a cover page bearing only the title. The content of the
appendix then begins on the second page with the standard one inch margin.
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Citation
Book
(One author)
Reference:
Komisar, L. (1991). The new feminism. New York: Franklin Watts.
In-Text:
(Komisar, 1991)
Book
(Two to more authors)
Reference:
Strunk, W., Jr. & White, E.B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York:Macmillan.
Book Chapter
Reference
Roll, W.P. (1976). ESP and memory. In J.M.O. Wheatley & H.L. Edge (Eds.), Philosophical
dimensions of parapsychology (pp. 154-184). Springfield, IL: American Psychiatric Press.
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Encyclopedia Article
Reference
Warren, S.A. (1977). Mental retardation and environment. In International encyclopedia of
psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis, and neurology
Aesculapius Publishers.
In-Text:
(Warren, 1977)
Journal Article
(One author)
Reference:
Maki, R.H. (1982). Categorization effects which occur in comparative judgment tasks. Memory
& Cognition, 10, 252-264.
In-Text:
(Maki, 1982)
Journal Article
(Two or more authors)
Reference:
Atkinson, R.C., & Shiffrin, R.M. (1971). The control of
13
Reference:
Kandel, E. R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the
study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120.
In-Text:
(Kandel, 2000)
Magazine Article
(No author)
Reference:
The blood business. (1992, September 11). Time, 97, 47-48.
In-Text:
("The Blood Business," 1992)
Newspaper Article
(No author)
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In-Text:
("Amazing Amazon Region," 1989)
(ERIC)
Reference:
Mead, J.V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice
teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI: National Center for
Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED. 346082).
In-Text:
(Mead, 1992)
Educational Resources Information Center report
(from E-Subscribe)
Reference:
Mead, J.V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice
teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI:National Center for
Research on Teacher Learning. Retrieved Oct. 23, 2001 from E-Subscribe database.
In-Text:
(Mead, 1992)
Specific Internet Document
Reference:
Electronic reference formats recommended by the American Psychological Association. (2000,
October 12). Retrieved January3,2001 from http://www.apa.org/journals/jwebref.html
In-Text:
(American Psychological Association [APA], 2000)
15
Reference: Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., & Schwartz, A.A. (1995). A history of facilitated
communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience. American Psychologist,50, 750-765.
Retrieved January 12, 2001, from Psychology articles database.
In-Text:
(Jacobson et al., 1995)
Electronic Article
(Exact duplicate of print version)
Reference:
Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources
by psychology undergraduates. [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117123.
In-Text:
(Vanden et al., 2001)
Electronic Article
(Format modified from print version)
Reference:
Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources
by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved
October 13, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.html
16
In-Text:
(Vanden et al., 2001)
Other Electronic or Internet Resources
Procedural Requirements
1. The candidate should make supervision arrangements to discuss possible research title by
choosing the name of the supervisors from the list of supervisors approved by the
VIRTUAL University.
2. Student should get approval of his / her supervisors appointment from the Head of MS
Department by filling and getting signature on thesis commencement form. (See thesis
commencement form in the appendix D)
3. After getting supervisor approved by the Research Coordinator of MS Department, the
student should arrange time to meet the supervisor to discuss the possible research topic.
4. After the initial discussion with the supervisor, the candidate should prepare a brief
research plan. The research plan should comprise the following: a) Research Title
b) Research Problem
c) Rational For Research
d) Methods
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5.
Population/sample
Procedure
After the development of the research plan with the help of supervisors, the student has to
get approval of the research plan on thesis commencement form, from two members of
the advisory committee.
6.
After getting approval from University, student has to submit the original thesis
commencement form to the University. Student may keep photocopy of this form with
his/herself.
7.
After the submission of thesis commencement form, student should start research under
9.
After the completion of thesis, student has to submit two spiral bound copies of complete
thesis with the approval certificate of his/her supervisors to the concerned department.
10. Virtual University will arrange final defense for the student.
11. Student has to defend his/her thesis in front of panel that comprises of two members i.e.
internal examiner and external examiner.
12. The supervisors of the student must be present in the defense.
13. After defending the thesis, the student has to incorporate all the corrections given by the
panelists during the final defense.
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19
Spine
Name of student
Title of the research project
Year
(See appendix G)
30%
External
50%
Supervisors
20%
20
Research classes
MS Department if necessary may arrange research classes.
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Appendix A
ABSTRACT
22
Text
Khan (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period
of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was
not statistically significant.
Although Byrd's (1988) study provides some evidence of a causal effect of prayer on
medical outcomes, there have been no comparable studies examining the potential causal
effects of prayer outside a medical setting. One important setting in which to study prayer is
the workplace, where prayer may address issues such as potential interpersonal conflict and the
pressures inherent in most workplaces (such as deadlines and performance evaluations). The
workplace clearly represents an untapped area for research into the possible causal effects of
intercessory prayer.
The specific purpose of the present study was to utilize the double-blind methodology
of Byrd's (1988) study on health outcomes to evaluate the distance effects (Dossey, 1997;
Schlitz, 1997) of intercessory prayer (prayer without the individuals presence or awareness)
on occupational task performance. In a health care customer service call center, will
individuals receiving prayer evidence different levels of task performance (number of calls
answered per hour and number of seconds per call) compared to individuals who are not
receiving prayer?
Method
Research participants were 103 trained customer service call center representatives (9
men and 94 women) all residing in southern California.1 The mean age for the men was 34.0
years (SD = 8.8), and the mean age for the women was 37.3 years (SD = 8.2). Ethnicity of
participants was not evaluated. All study participants had at least six months and no more than
two years experience in this customer service call center environment. Primary responsibilities
of the customer service representatives were to respond to member questions concerning health
care coverage and to attempt to resolve member complaints. Participants worked in a
controlled environment at individual pod-like workstations, which were grouped in clusters of
five.
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Two women (ages 36 and 55) served as prayer intercessors for the study. The
intercessors were self-identified Christians who were active participants in prayer ministries in
a local United Methodist church.
Apparatus
Data on answer speed and call handling time was attained utilizing the Northern
Telecom Meridian Max call reporting system. A daily prayer log sheet was used as a self report
by prayer intercessors.
Procedure
Participants were randomly assigned by gender- and age-matched pairs to prayer and
non prayer groups. Participants had no knowledge that a study on intercessory prayer was being
conducted, but they were aware of ongoing monitoring of their phone interactions with
customers. Permission to use these data for the current study was obtained. Customer service
representatives in the prayer group were assigned to two prayer intercessors that had no prior
knowledge of the participants. Intercessors were provided with general information related to
potential work environment challenges and specific information (age, gender, and identification
number) about those for whom they were to pray. They were directed to offer daily specific
prayers for efficiency, alertness, and wisdom with members issues. Most prayers were 3-5
minutes in length. Intercessors recorded daily prayer events for each individual.
The study period spanned a 7-day pretest period (11/3/96 to 11/9/96) and a 14-day
experimental period (11/10/96 to 11/23/96). Daily measurements of number of calls answered
per hour and call handling time (number of seconds per call) were obtained.
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SAMPLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II
Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III
Declaration Form ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V
Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI
Acknowledgement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VII
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 01
1.1 Background ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.2 Problem Identification ------------------------------------------------------------------------1.4 Problem Statement ----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.5 Rationale of Study -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.6 Objective of Study -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
01
04
05
06
07
08
3. METHODOLOGY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.1 Sample ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32
3.2 Instruments and Measures -------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.3 Procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -----------------------------------------------------------------
36
25
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NUMBER & HEADING
3.1
3.1
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
PAGE NO
25
29
33
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
26
Appendix B
27
Appendix C
Table Sample
Pupils
Independent Observers
Pre-test
Control
Mn
n1
SD
Experimental n2
Mn
SD
Reaction
Outcome
combined
43.37
45.56
45.23
1.93
2.64
3.56
42.86
47.56
78.56
2.73
3.45
4.56
Structure
Presentation
Combined
56.25
56.56
56.89
2.56
3.45
5.26
25.45
26.78
47.48
5.12
5.45
5.23
n1 = 11, n2 = 11
28
Appendix F
TITLE OF THESIS
MONOGRAM
OF VIRTUAL
UNIVERSITY
Appendix G
SPINE
TITLE
CLASS YEAR
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