Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

(Students Research Information Manual)

Fall 2014

Virtual University of Pakistan

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Format Requirements
A typical thesis is made up of three main parts

Preliminaries

Text

Supplementaries

Phase-I (Comprehensive Proposal) should be comprised of first three chapters

Each part may be organized as shown below:

Preliminary Pages
Flyleaf
Title page
Approval sheet
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Symbols (optional)

Text
Main body of the Thesis
The main text contains the following chapters:

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Chapter 1) Introduction
It includes the following parts:
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Identification
1.3 Problem statement
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Rational of the study
1.6 Objectives of the study
1.7 Scope of Study
1.8 Definition of the terms

Chapter 2) Literature Review and Research Model

Chapter 3) Research Design
It includes the following headings:
3.1 Conceptualization and Operationalization of constructs
3.2 Research Type
3.3 Philosophy of research
3.4 Nature of research study
3.5 Population and Sample frame
3.6 Sample size and Sampling technique
3.7 Data Collection tool
3.7.1 Validity
3.7.2 Reliability
3.7.3 Questionnaire composition
3.8 Data analysis techniques

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Chapter 4) Results of Data Analysis

Chapter 5) Discussion and Conclusion
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.

Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations (practical and theoretical)
Limitations

Supplementaries
References or bibliography
Appendices (optional)

Preliminary Pages
These pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals at the bottom.

Flyleaf
Each thesis should have a flyleaf (a blank sheet with no page number assigned) at the
beginning and the end of the thesis.

Title Page
It includes,

Title: It summarizes the main idea of the paper. It should be a concise statement of the
main topic and should identify the actual variables. A title should be fully explanatory
when standing alone. Its principal function is to inform readers about the study.

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Authors name (byline): the preferred form of an authors name is first name,
middle initial, and last name. This form reduces the likelihood of mistaken identity.

Institutional affiliation: the affiliation identifies the location where the author or
authors conducted the investigation, which is usually an institution.
The date shown must be the term and year of graduation in which the student is officially
graduating. Title must be the same on title page, approval sheet, and abstract. Titles
should be concise and descriptive. To facilitate indexing, titles should be indicative of the
contents. Avoid use of phrases such as "A Study of," "Effect of," "Laboratory Study of,"
etc. Abbreviations in titles are discouraged. However, recognized acronyms in the field
may be appropriate.

Approval Sheet
A number is awarded to this page but it should not be printed on the page.
Original signatures (in ink) must appear on hardbound copy of the thesis from;
o Head of the Department
o Supervisor
o Co-supervisor
o Internal examiner
o External examiners are required on the Approval Sheet of the thesis.

Abstract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the thesis. It allows
readers to survey the contents of a research quickly. It enables abstracting and
information services to index and retrieve articles. A good abstract is

Accurate: Ensure that the abstract correctly reflects the purpose and content of the
manuscript.

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Self-contained: Define all abbreviations and acronyms. Define unique terms.

Paraphrase rather than quote. It includes names of authors and dates of publication in
citations of other publications.

Concise and specific: Make each sentence maximally informative, especially the
lead sentence. Be as brief as possible. Begin the abstract with the most important
information.

Non-evaluative: Report rather than evaluate. Do not add to or comment on what is in

the body of the manuscript.

Coherent and readable: Write in clear and vigorous prose. Use verbs rather than
their noun equivalents and the active rather than passive voice. Use the present tense to
describe results with continuing applicability or conclusions drawn. Use the past tense to
describe specific variable manipulated or tests applied. Use the third person rather than
the first person. Avoid sentences and phrases that contain no real information.

Abstract should contain the following information:

Purposiveness

Method

Conclusion/Major Findings

All theses require an abstract. The first page of the abstract is always numbered with small
Roman numeral i.e. iii. A sample abstract is shown in appendix A.

Paper Requirement
Standard-sized A4 paper (81/2 X 11 inch) of 90 grams must be used to prepare the final
copy of the thesis. Text must be printed on one side of the paper. All pages of the

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

manuscript must be the same size. Do not use half sheets or strips of paper glued, taped,
or stapled to the pages.

Language
Thesis must be written in English.

Typeface
12-pt Times New Roman: It is the standard font for thesis.

Only 12-pt Times New Roman typeface must be used throughout the thesis. All text, page
numbers, table numbers, figure numbers, captions, and references must be in the same typeface.
For general text, the font size should be 12 points.

Line Spacing (2)

It means leaving 2 lines blank between each line of type on the page. For most wordprocessing software, this means setting the line spacing to 2 lines.

Single Spacing: Bibliography or list of reference entries, table and figure captions, and
data within large tables are to be single -spaced. Lengthy descriptions in the appendix
may also be single -spaced. Quoted material of more than three typewritten lines is
indented and single -spaced. Quoted material, which is three, lines or fewer may be single
-spaced for emphasis.

Text
The text pages, from beginning to end, are numbered with Arabic numerals.

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Style of Font
Produce an accurate, clear, clean copy that will reproduce well. The 12-pt Times New
Roman style of type should be used throughout the thesis.

Print styles that are similar to standard typefaces are preferred. Italic type may be used for
foreign words, citation of titles, and special emphasis.

Margins
Requirement (minimum): Top1"; bottom-1"; left1"; right1" and 0.5 gutter. Gutter
helps for proper thesis binding.

The top margin of the first page of the preliminaries, chapters, appendices and
bibliographies is 2 inches. Margin sets for the different word processing systems will
vary. The right margin may be violated occasionally by one space and the bottom margin
by one line. Always continue the text to the bottom margin except at the end of a chapter.
WARNING: Photo reproduction results in a slight enlargement, therefore margins should
be strictly observed on the original. The bottom and right margin must never be less than
inch on reproduced copies.

These same margins are to be observed for tables, illustrative materials, bibliographies,
and appendices as well as in the text. Folded pages are not allowed in the text as they
may be damaged when the thesis is trimmed. Right justification is acceptable if the
printer does it properly, i.e., does not separate punctuation from characters and does not
leave large gaps in the text.

Space between Words

Use one space between words and sentences.

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Page Numbering
Each page of the thesis must be assigned a number. Preliminary pages are numbered at
the bottom with lower case Roman numerals. Preliminary page number i.e. I is assigned
to, but not printed on, the title page.

The main text, typically starting with Chapter I, is numbered with Arabic numerals.
Begin each chapter on a new page. First pages of introduction or sections, appendices,
and bibliographies are either left unnumbered (though a number is always assigned) or
numbered at the bottom. All other text pages may have numbers placed either top or
bottom, and either centered on the text or aligned at the right margin of the text. Most
word processing programs will do this automatically and, generally, the automatic
placement will be acceptable as long as the following criteria are met. Text should never
fall outside the margins as specified in this manual. Page numbers may be inside or
outside the top or bottom margins, but never less than 1/2 inch from the edge of the page.
If inside the margin, the number should not be more than one line below the top margin
or above the bottom margin. There should never be less than one blank line between the
first or last text line and the page number. Stamped page numbers are discouraged.

Word Limit
Minimum Word limit is 30,000 with 2 line space.

Headings and Subheadings

Use level 5 for chapter headings, and Levels 1-4 (if needed) for headings within chapters.

Heading font size (14pt). Bold.

Heading Level 5

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING

Heading Level 1
Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

Heading Level 2
Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

Heading Level 3
Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase

Heading Level 4
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading

Each chapter is started on a new page. Headings for all preliminary pages must be
centered and in uppercase. (See appendix B)

Text Alignment
Justified text is recommended.

Paragraphs
When it is necessary to divide a paragraph at the end of a page, at least two lines should
appear at the bottom of the page and two at the top of the following page.

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Endnotes
If endnotes are used, they may be placed in the supplementary at the end of thesis. Write
the endnotes under the heading of endnote".

Tables and Figures

Tables and figures should follow immediately after first mention in the text or on the next
page. If they are placed on the next page, continue the text to the bottom of the preceding
page. Do not leave a space (gap) on the page where the table or figure was first
mentioned.

Figures must look professional. Hand lettering is unacceptable unless executed by a

professional draftsperson. Any diagram, graph, chart, map, photograph, or other type of
illustration must be presented in the thesis as a figure.

Broadside Tables and Figures

In order to fit large tables or figures on a page, it is sometimes necessary to place them
broadside. The binding margin for such a table or figure must be 1 1/2 inches and all
other margins must be 1 inch. The top margin and page number location must be the
same as on a regular page.

Numbering Of Tables and Figures

Numbering of tables and figures should be consecutive throughout the entire thesis or
within each chapter, including those in the appendix. If the tables and figures are to be
numbered consecutively within each chapter, the chapter number should appear along
with the table or figure number (e.g., 1.1, 1.2 (for Chapter 1); 2.1, 2.2 (for Chapter 2))

10

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

(See appendix C). The number and title of a table should be placed above the table.
Tables and figures are numbered separately.

Computer Output
Computer output, including pen plotting and screen plotting, is acceptable provided the
material is dark, clear, readable copy transferred to acceptable paper. If the material is
tabular, room must be left at the top for the table number, caption, appropriate lines, and
columnar headings unless the entire table is to be printed by the computer printout
machine.

Supplementaries
References or Bibliography
The style for references should follow the format given on next page. The style used must
be consistent throughout the thesis. There are many good sources that may be consulted
for certain fields or to solve special problems. Advisers and committee members usually
have excellent references to suggest.

Appendices
Quality and format should be consistent with requirements for other parts of the thesis
including margins and reproduction. Computer printout must conform to margins.
Reductions must be clear and readable. Appendices may be treated in a fashion parallel to
that of chapters. That is, the first page of an appendix would have a one inch top margin
and begin with a title - e.g., "Appendix I," "Appendix: Diagrams." Alternatively, an
appendix may be introduced with a cover page bearing only the title. The content of the
appendix then begins on the second page with the standard one inch margin.

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Citation
Book
(One author)

Reference:
Komisar, L. (1991). The new feminism. New York: Franklin Watts.
In-Text:
(Komisar, 1991)

Book
(Two to more authors)

Reference:
Strunk, W., Jr. & White, E.B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York:Macmillan.

In-Text: (two authors):

(Strunk & White, 1979)
In-Text (three or more authors):
(Strunk, White, & Smith, 1979)
In-Text (subsequent references):
(Strunk et al., 1979)

Book Chapter

Reference
Roll, W.P. (1976). ESP and memory. In J.M.O. Wheatley & H.L. Edge (Eds.), Philosophical
dimensions of parapsychology (pp. 154-184). Springfield, IL: American Psychiatric Press.

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

In-Text
(Roll, 1976)

Encyclopedia Article

Reference
Warren, S.A. (1977). Mental retardation and environment. In International encyclopedia of
psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis, and neurology

(Vol. 7, pp. 202-207). New York

Aesculapius Publishers.

In-Text:
(Warren, 1977)
Journal Article
(One author)
Reference:

Maki, R.H. (1982). Categorization effects which occur in comparative judgment tasks. Memory
& Cognition, 10, 252-264.

In-Text:
(Maki, 1982)
Journal Article
(Two or more authors)

Reference:
Atkinson, R.C., & Shiffrin, R.M. (1971). The control of

short-term memory. Scientific

American, 225, 82-90.

In-Text (two authors):
(Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971)

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

In-Text (three to five authors):
(Smith, Zappella, Rosen, Gustman, & Rock, 1994)

In-Text (six or more authors):

(Smith et al., 1994)
In-Text (subsequent references):
(Smith et al., 1994)

In-Text (subsequent references in the same paragraph):

(Smith et al.)
Magazine Article
(One author)

Reference:
Kandel, E. R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the
study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120.

In-Text:
(Kandel, 2000)
Magazine Article
(No author)

Reference:
The blood business. (1992, September 11). Time, 97, 47-48.

In-Text:
("The Blood Business," 1992)

Newspaper Article
(No author)

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Reference:
Amazing Amazon region. (1989, January 12). New York Times, p. D11.

In-Text:
("Amazing Amazon Region," 1989)

Educational Resources Information Center report

(ERIC)
Reference:
Mead, J.V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice
teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI: National Center for
Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED. 346082).

In-Text:
(Mead, 1992)
Educational Resources Information Center report
(from E-Subscribe)
Reference:
Mead, J.V. (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice
teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI:National Center for
Research on Teacher Learning. Retrieved Oct. 23, 2001 from E-Subscribe database.

In-Text:
(Mead, 1992)
Specific Internet Document

Reference:
Electronic reference formats recommended by the American Psychological Association. (2000,
October 12). Retrieved January3,2001 from http://www.apa.org/journals/jwebref.html
In-Text:
(American Psychological Association [APA], 2000)

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

In-Text (subsequent references):

(APA, 2000)
Electronic Article
(Journal Article found in a database)

Reference: Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., & Schwartz, A.A. (1995). A history of facilitated
communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience. American Psychologist,50, 750-765.
Retrieved January 12, 2001, from Psychology articles database.

In-Text:
(Jacobson et al., 1995)
Electronic Article
(Exact duplicate of print version)
Reference:
Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources
by psychology undergraduates. [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117123.

In-Text:
(Vanden et al., 2001)

Electronic Article
(Format modified from print version)

Reference:
Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources
by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved
October 13, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.html

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

In-Text:
(Vanden et al., 2001)
Other Electronic or Internet Resources

Refer to: Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological

Association
http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html

Procedural Requirements
1. The candidate should make supervision arrangements to discuss possible research title by
choosing the name of the supervisors from the list of supervisors approved by the
VIRTUAL University.
2. Student should get approval of his / her supervisors appointment from the Head of MS
Department by filling and getting signature on thesis commencement form. (See thesis
commencement form in the appendix D)
3. After getting supervisor approved by the Research Coordinator of MS Department, the
student should arrange time to meet the supervisor to discuss the possible research topic.

4. After the initial discussion with the supervisor, the candidate should prepare a brief
research plan. The research plan should comprise the following: a) Research Title
b) Research Problem
c) Rational For Research

Motivation for research Problem

Summary of related research (Background)

Importance of proposed work (Aim)

d) Methods

17

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Study design (Research Instruments i.e., Experiment, Survey, Case Study,

Creative endeavor)

5.

Population/sample

Procedure

Type Of Data (Primary or Secondary data )

After the development of the research plan with the help of supervisors, the student has to
get approval of the research plan on thesis commencement form, from two members of
the advisory committee.

6.

After getting approval from University, student has to submit the original thesis
commencement form to the University. Student may keep photocopy of this form with
his/herself.

7.

After the submission of thesis commencement form, student should start research under

the supervision of his/her supervisors.

8.

The main body of thesis comprises of five chapters.

9.

After the completion of thesis, student has to submit two spiral bound copies of complete
thesis with the approval certificate of his/her supervisors to the concerned department.

10. Virtual University will arrange final defense for the student.
11. Student has to defend his/her thesis in front of panel that comprises of two members i.e.
internal examiner and external examiner.
12. The supervisors of the student must be present in the defense.
13. After defending the thesis, the student has to incorporate all the corrections given by the
panelists during the final defense.

18

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

14. After incorporating all the corrections given by the panelists during final defense, student has
to get signatures of supervisors, internal examiner, external examiner, and Registrar on the final
approval sheet.
15. The final approval sheet is placed after the title page of hardbound copy of final thesis. (See
approval sheet in the appendix E)
16. Final thesis would not be accepted by the University without the approval sheet.

19

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Thesis Submission Requirements

Two hardbound copies and one soft copy of thesis on CD are to be submitted to the
University. The sample of title page of the hardbound copy is attached in appendix F.

Colour of Hard Bound Copy

The golden colour of text is recommended on the blue color background of hardbound
copy of thesis.

Spine
Name of student
Title of the research project
Year

(See appendix G)

Rules and Regulations

Marks break down
Final Defense
Internal

30%

External

50%

Supervisors

20%

Consensus would be developed among the panelists (internal examiner, external

examiner and supervisor) before awarding the grade to the student.

20

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Max Time Frame & Penalty

Maximum duration for the submission of final hardbound copy of thesis is 1 month.

Research classes
MS Department if necessary may arrange research classes.

21

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Appendix A

ABSTRACT

In an extension of research demonstrating causal effects of intercessory prayer for

physical healing in a medical setting, the present study experimentally examined the effects of
intercessory prayer for improved task performance in an employment setting. Trained
customer service representatives either did, or did not, receive (over a 14-day period) daily
intercessory prayer for the specific needs and challenges of their workplace. Speed of call
handling was evaluated for each customer service representative. The specific dependent
measures were number of calls per hour and number of seconds per call. No statistically
significant differences between prayer and non-prayer groups were found for either calls per
hour or seconds per call. Recommendations for research in this new area of study center on
methodological issues, including the selection of relevant dependent measures.

22

Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Text
Khan (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period
of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was
not statistically significant.

Although Byrd's (1988) study provides some evidence of a causal effect of prayer on
medical outcomes, there have been no comparable studies examining the potential causal
effects of prayer outside a medical setting. One important setting in which to study prayer is
the workplace, where prayer may address issues such as potential interpersonal conflict and the
pressures inherent in most workplaces (such as deadlines and performance evaluations). The
workplace clearly represents an untapped area for research into the possible causal effects of
intercessory prayer.

The specific purpose of the present study was to utilize the double-blind methodology
of Byrd's (1988) study on health outcomes to evaluate the distance effects (Dossey, 1997;
Schlitz, 1997) of intercessory prayer (prayer without the individuals presence or awareness)
on occupational task performance. In a health care customer service call center, will
individuals receiving prayer evidence different levels of task performance (number of calls
answered per hour and number of seconds per call) compared to individuals who are not
receiving prayer?

Method
Research participants were 103 trained customer service call center representatives (9
men and 94 women) all residing in southern California.1 The mean age for the men was 34.0
years (SD = 8.8), and the mean age for the women was 37.3 years (SD = 8.2). Ethnicity of
participants was not evaluated. All study participants had at least six months and no more than
two years experience in this customer service call center environment. Primary responsibilities
of the customer service representatives were to respond to member questions concerning health
care coverage and to attempt to resolve member complaints. Participants worked in a
controlled environment at individual pod-like workstations, which were grouped in clusters of
five.
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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Two women (ages 36 and 55) served as prayer intercessors for the study. The
intercessors were self-identified Christians who were active participants in prayer ministries in
a local United Methodist church.

Apparatus
Data on answer speed and call handling time was attained utilizing the Northern
Telecom Meridian Max call reporting system. A daily prayer log sheet was used as a self report
by prayer intercessors.

Procedure
Participants were randomly assigned by gender- and age-matched pairs to prayer and
non prayer groups. Participants had no knowledge that a study on intercessory prayer was being
conducted, but they were aware of ongoing monitoring of their phone interactions with
customers. Permission to use these data for the current study was obtained. Customer service
representatives in the prayer group were assigned to two prayer intercessors that had no prior
knowledge of the participants. Intercessors were provided with general information related to
potential work environment challenges and specific information (age, gender, and identification
number) about those for whom they were to pray. They were directed to offer daily specific
prayers for efficiency, alertness, and wisdom with members issues. Most prayers were 3-5
minutes in length. Intercessors recorded daily prayer events for each individual.

The study period spanned a 7-day pretest period (11/3/96 to 11/9/96) and a 14-day
experimental period (11/10/96 to 11/23/96). Daily measurements of number of calls answered
per hour and call handling time (number of seconds per call) were obtained.

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

SAMPLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II
Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III
Declaration Form ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V
Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI
Acknowledgement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VII
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 01
1.1 Background ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.2 Problem Identification ------------------------------------------------------------------------1.4 Problem Statement ----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.5 Rationale of Study -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.6 Objective of Study -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

01
04
05
06
07

2. LITERATURE REVIEW --------------------------------------------------------------------------

08

3. METHODOLOGY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.1 Sample ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32
3.2 Instruments and Measures -------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.3 Procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -----------------------------------------------------------------

36

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ------------------------------------------------ 54

REFERNCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
APPENDIX----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NUMBER & HEADING

3.1
3.1
3.3
4.1

4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13

PAGE NO

Variable Loading and Factor Relative Loading

Determinants of Financial management Practices
Reliability of Measurements Instrument
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive Statistics with respect to
Company Revenues/Sales and expenditure for the
Year 2008-2009 (N=53)
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Organization Performance (N=53)..
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Capital Structure Decision (N=53)..
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Use of alternative source of financing (N=53)
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Dividend Policy (Target Payout Ratio) (N=53)
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Major Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy (N=53)
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Dividend policy as a means of Information Signaling (N=53)
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Investment Appraisal Techniques (N=53)..
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Contribution of Investment Projects to the Aspects of Performance(N=53)
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Constraints on Capital Investment (N=53)..
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Working Capital Policy (N=53)..
Frequency Distribution and Descriptive statistics with respect to
Performance Assessment using Financial Ratios (N=53)..
Regression Analysis (N=53)...

25
29
33

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Appendix B

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF HEADING

RESESRCH JOURNAL (LEVEL 5)(CHAPTER HEADING)

About The Journal (level 1)
About The Journal (level 2)
About The Journal (level 3)
about the journal(level 4)
about the journal(level 6)

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Appendix C

Table Sample

Table 4.6: Pre-test and Post-test Differences on Criterion Variables

Pupils

Independent Observers

Pre-test

Control
Mn

n1
SD

Experimental n2
Mn
SD

Reaction
Outcome
combined

43.37
45.56
45.23

1.93
2.64
3.56

42.86
47.56
78.56

2.73
3.45
4.56

Structure
Presentation
Combined

56.25
56.56
56.89

2.56
3.45
5.26

25.45
26.78
47.48

5.12
5.45
5.23

n1 = 11, n2 = 11

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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Appendix F

TITLE OF THESIS

MONOGRAM
OF VIRTUAL
UNIVERSITY

NAME OF THE STUDENT

ENROLLMENT NUMBER

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Master of Sciences (Mgt)
Department of Management Sciences

VIRTUAL University Islamabad

2015
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Guidelines for Writing a Thesis

Appendix G
SPINE

NAME OF THE STUDENT

TITLE

CLASS YEAR

30