Thyristor Converters

EE 442-642

6-1

Thyristor Converters

Two-quadrant conversion
6-2

Simple half-wave circuits with thyristors

6-3

Thyristor Triggering

vcontrol
180
Vst
o

ICs available
6-4

Case of Pure Resistive Load

6-5

Full-Bridge Thyristor Converters Constant DC Current

6-6

DC-Side Voltage

Average DC voltage:

Vd Vdo cos

where

Vdo 0.9Vs
6-7

AC-Side Current

P Vd I d 0.9Vs I d cos
RSM value of source current

Is Id

RMS value of fundamental current

I s1 (2 2 / ) I d 0.9 I d

RMS value of harmonic current

I sh I s1 / h, h 3,5,7,...

Current THD

THD 100 ( 2 / 8) 1 48.43%

Displacement Power Factor

DPF cos
PF 0.9 cos

Power Factor

6-8

Effect of Source Inductance

2Ls I d
2Vs

Commutation angle:

cos( ) cos

Average of DC-side voltage:

Vd 0.9Vs cos

Displacement Power Factor

DPF cos( 0.5 )

RMS fundamental current

Vd I d
0.9Vs I d cos (2 / )Ls I d2
I s1

Vs DPF
Vs cos( 0.5 )

2Ls I d

6-9

Thyristor Converter with DC Source

Continuous current conduction mode

Discontinuous current conduction mode

6-10

AC-Side Current Waveform

(continuous conduction mode)
PSpice-based simulation example: Vs = 240 V, f = 60 Hz,
Ls = 1.4 mH, = 45 deg., Ld = 9 mH, Ed = 145 V.
Solution: Is = 60.1 A, Is1 = 59.7 A, DPF = 0.576, PF =
0.572, THD = 12.3%

6-11

DC Voltage versus Load Current

6-12

Inverter Mode ( > 90o)

6-13

Inverter Mode with DC Voltage Source

For a large value of Ld, id can be assumed constant (= Id), then

Ed Vd 0.9Vs cos

LS I d
6-14

Inverter Mode: Extinction Angle

180o ( )
Importance of extinction angle in inverter mode: The extinction time
interval should be greater than the thyristor turn-off time:

t t q

6-15

3-Phase Thyristor Converters: Simplified Case

6-16

DC-side voltage waveforms

assuming zero ac-side inductance

Vd Vdo cos

2VLL cos

1.35VLL cos

6-17

Input Line-Current Waveform

6-18

Input line-current waveforms assuming zero ac-side inductance

I s 2 / 3I d 0.816 I d
I s1 ( 6 / ) I d 0.78 I d
I sh I s1 / h, h 3,5,7,...
THD 100[ ( 2 / 9) 1] 31%
DPF cos
3
PF cos 0.955 cos

6-19

3-Phase Thyristor Converter with AC-side Inductance

2Ls I d
cos( ) cos
2VLL
Vd 1.35VLL cos

3Ls I d

DPF cos( 0.5 )

6-20

Input Line-Current Harmonics

6-21

Input Line-Current Harmonics

Typical Passive Filter Block (for each phase)

6-22

12-Pluse Phase Controlled Rectifier

Harmonic Order: 1, 11, 13, 23, 25,

6-23

3-Phase Thyristor Converter with Realistic Load

Continuous conduction
Mode

Discontinuous conduction
mode
6-24

3-Phase Thyristor Inverter Constant Current

6-25

Thyristor Inverter Constant Voltage & Current

6-26

Thyristor Inverter Operation: Extinction Angle

6-27

Thyristor Converters: Voltage Notching

Ls1 Ls
Ls 2 0

Depth:

Vn 2VLL sin

Area:

An 2Ls I d

Width:

2Ls I d

2VLL sin
6-28

Limits on Notching and Distortion

In practice, the notch depth at PCC depends on Ls1 relative to Ls2. Let depth
factor be defined by

Ls1
Ls1 Ls 2

Given Ls1 , a higher value of Ls2 results in a smaller notch.

6-29