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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
Effectivity:
SY 2015-2016
Document Reference:
QR-AAD-013
Revision No: 01
Issue No: 01
Date Issued:
MAY 2015
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E-FACULTY
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RIVIERA G. GUIYAB
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LEARNING MODULE
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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SY 2015-2016
Document Reference:
QR-AAD-013
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Issue No: 01
Date Issued:
MAY 2015
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the conclusion of this learning module, the students are expected to:
A. Define what external sensation is
B. Explain how we see, hear, taste, smell, and experience cutaneous sensations.
C. Discuss briefly the abnormalities in the different sense modalities
RESOURCES/MATERIALS
Learn more about the definition, parts, and functions of the sensory system. Read the different
related articles about the sensory system and/or watch the video! Check the link provided
below:
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-sensory-system-definition-partsfunctions.html#lesson
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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LEARNING CONCEPT
Topic 4
The Sensory System
External Sensation
-
A process of knowing material, concrete stimuli through the external senses namely:
Vision- seeing
Audition- hearing
Olfaction- smell
Gustation- taste
Cutaneous- touch, therman, pain sensation
Elements or Conditions
Stimulus- refers to any aspect of the world that influences our behavior or
conscious experience
Threshold stimulus- minimum amount of stimulus that is capable of producing
a sensation
Receptor- any structure in our body that is excitable to stimuli
Exteroceptors- found on the external surface of the body
Proprioceptors- located in muscles, joints, and tendons
Interosceptors or visceroceptors- found in the visceral organs
Transmissor- bundles of nerve fibers that convey sensory messages or impulses
from one neuron to the next.
Fiber tracts- responsible for transmitting the sensory impulses to the brain
Brain Center- anatomically, the brain is continuous with the spinal cord, from
which it emerges. The brain has different areas performing different functions.
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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Points of Difference
Shape
Distribution of the retina
Function
Sensitivity to color
Cones
Conical
Center
Daytime Vision
Sensitive
Rods
Tubular
Periphery
Nighttime Vision
Not sensitive
C. Visual Transmissors- upon the excitation of the rods and cones, neural impulses
or action potentials are generated and transmitted via the optic nerve, the
bundle of nerve fibers emanating from the retina. Near the point of exit of the
optic nerve, there is a point in the retina that is devoid of rods and cones. This
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Image A
Physical Element
(Sound)
Pitch
Loudness
Tonal Quality or Timbre
B. Auditory Receptor- the sense organ for hearing is the ear. The human ear is
sensitive to sound waves in the range of 20 to 20, 000 Hz ( Lahey, 2012).
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- outer ear- is where the auditory canal and the eardrum are found
Inner ear- is where cochlea ( area for hair cells) and vestibular (concerned with
equilibrium) are found.
C. Auditory Transmissor- when the stimulus reaches and excites the auditory
receptors, neural impulses are generated and conducted along the auditory
pathway. This pathway includes the auditory or cochlear nerve which transmits
the auditory messages or signals from one cluster of neurons to another cluster
of within the brainstem.
D. Auditory Brain Center- the auditory signals are relayed to the thalamus in the
brainstem, which is the last relay center of hearing. From the thalamus, the
auditory messages are transmitted to the primary auditory area for the basic
auditory information.
Image B
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smell, the chemical substances are in the gaseous state, while the the sense of
taste, the chemical substances are in the liquid form.
B. Receptor- the sense organ for smell is the nose. Within the nose are olfactory
cells which are stimulated by the chemical substances in the gaseous state. On
the other hand, the receptor for taste is the taste bud. The taste buds are spread
in the tongue where they are stimulated by the adequate stimulus for taste.
C. Transmissor- when the receptors for the two senses are stimulated, neural
impulses are generated and transmitted to the brain centers for taste and smell
by their respective fiber tracts.
Sense of smell olfactory nerve
Sense of taste gustatory pathway
D. Brain Center- the neural signals for taste and smell are relayed to the primary
gustatory and olfactory area respectively. The primary olfactory area is located
in the temporal lobe for the perception of odor, while the primary gustatory area
for the perception of flavor in the lower portion of the frontal lobe below are the
primary motor area.
Image C
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Cutaneous Sense- refer to those sensations, the receptors of which are found in the
skin for body sensations or what is referred to as somatosensation.
- sense of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and kinesthesia ( sense of movement)
Image D
Merkels Disk
Pacinian Corpuscles
Free Nerve Endings
Krauses Corpuscles
Ruffinis Endings
Proprioceptors
Touch
Pressure
Pain
Cold
Warm
Kinaesthesia
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Receptor
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Medical Term
Anopsia
Anacousia
Anosmia
Ageusia
Analgesia
Asteriognosia
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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Visual
seeing
Auditory
hearing
Olfactory
smelling
Gustatory
tasting
Cutaneous
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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stimulus
Revision No: 01
receptor
Issue No: 01
transmissor
Date Issued:
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brain
center
Figure 4.2
Conditions of the External Sensation
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REFERENCES
De Guzman, et. Al. (2012). General Psychology A Birds- Eye View. Manila: University
of Santo Tomas Publishing House
Images
Retrieved from
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/imgvis/eyesection.gif ( Image A)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anatomy_of_the_Human_
Ear.svg/2000px-Anatomy_of_the_Human_Ear.svg.png ( Image B)
http://ciudaddecordoba3scienceblog.blogspot.com/2012/10/taste.html (Image C)
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Z2lCleAtKQ/SGlNcGbVASI/AAAAAAAAA_s/2zIw6J37Sfc/s1600-h/cutaneous+receptors.jpg
( Image D)
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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SELF-TEST
Multiple-choice
Select the best answer.
1. What do you call the process of knowing material, concrete stimuli through the
external senses?
A. Perception
B. Sensation
C. Retention
D. Realization
2. It involves the sense of taste
A. gustation
B. audition
C. olfaction
D. cutaneous
3. What element or condition of perception refers to any aspect of the world that
influences our behavior or conscious experience?
A. Stimulus
B. Receptor
C. Transmissor
D. Brain center
4. What element or condition of perception refers to the bundles of nerve fibers that
convey sensory messages or impulses from one neuron to the next?
A. Stimulus
B. Receptor
C. Transmissor
D. Brain center
5. What color has the longest wavelength?
A. Blue
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B. Purple
C. Violet
D. Red
6. Without , human vision will be impossible
A. Light
B. Color
C. Perception
D. Wavelength
7. The sense organ for vision
A. Nose
B. Retina
C. Skin
D. Eye
8. This involves the stimulus for hearing the sound waves emanating from the source
of the sound such as the voice of the teacher or music being played
A. Visual
B. Auditory
C. Sensing
D. Olfactory
9. This involves sensation with chemical substances in the gaseous state
A. Visual
B. Auditory
C. Sensing
D. Olfactory
10. What element of sound is being referred by the pitch?
A. Complexity
B. Tempo
C. Frequency
D. Intensity
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
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SY 2015-2016
Document Reference:
QR-AAD-013
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Issue No: 01
Date Issued:
MAY 2015
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MARREN A. ADAN
E-FACULTY
Approved by:
RIVIERA G. GUIYAB
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D. Proprioceptors
17. This term refers to blindness
A. Anopsia
B. Anacousia
C. Anosmia
D. Ageusia
18. This term refers to deafness
A. Anopsia
B. Anacousia
C. Anosmia
D. Ageusia
19. This term refers to loss of olfaction
A. Anopsia
B. Anacousia
C. Anosmia
D. Ageusia
20. Which of the following does NOT belong in the list below?
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla
C. Pons
D. Nasal passage
***end of test***
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