Leakage Classification of Control Valves

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

Classification of seat leakages through control valves

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Control valves are designed to throttle and not necessary to close 100%.
A control valve's ability to shut off has to do with many factors as the type of valves for instance. A double seated control valve have very poor shut off capability. The
guiding, seat material, actuator thrust, pressure drop, and the type of fluid can all play a part in how well a particular control valve shuts off.

Seat Leakage Classifications

There are actually six different seat leakage classifications as defined by ANSI/FCI 70-2 2006 (European equivalent standard IEC 60534-4).
The most common used are

CLASS IV
CLASS Vl
CLASS IV is also known as metal to metal. It is the kind of leakage rate you can expect from a valve with a metal plug and metal seat.
CLASS Vl is known as a soft seat classification. Soft Seat Valves are those where either the plug or seat or both are made from some kind of composition material such as
Teflon or similar.

Valve Leakage Classifications

Class I - Valve Leakage Classifications
Identical to Class II, III, and IV in construction and design intent, but no actual shop test is made. Cass I is also known as dust tight and can refer to metal or resilient seated
valves.
Class II - Valve Leakage Classifications
Intended for double port or balanced singe port valves with a metal piston ring seal and metal to metal seats.
0.5% leakage of full open valve capacity.
o

Service dP or 50 psid (3.4 bar differential), whichever is lower at 50 to 125 F.

Test medium air at 45 to 60 psig is the test fluid.
Typical constructions:

Balanced, single port, single graphite piston ring, metal seat, low seat load
Balanced, double port, metal seats, high seat load
Class III - Valve Leakage Classifications
Intended for the same types of valves as in Class II.
0.1% leakage of full open valve capacity.
o

Service dP or 50 psid (3.4 bar differential), whichever is lower at 50 to 125 F.

Test medium air at 45 to 60 psig is the test fluid.
Typical constructions:

Balanced, double port, soft seats, low seat load

Balanced, single port, single graphite piston ring, lapped metal seats, medium seat load
Class IV - Valve Leakage Classifications
Intended for single port and balanced single port valves with extra tight piston seals and metal to-metal seats.

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Leakage Classification of Control Valves

0.01% leakage of full open valve capacity.
o

Service dP or 50 psid (3.4 bar differential), whichever is lower at 50 to 125 F.

Test medium air at 45 to 60 psig is the test fluid.
Typical constructions:

Balanced, single port, Teflon piston ring, lapped metal seats, medium seat load
Balanced, single port, multiple graphite piston rings, lapped metal seats
Unbalanced, single port, lapped metal seats, medium seat load
Class IV is also known as metal to metal
Class V - Valve Leakage Classifications
Intended for the same types of valves as Class IV.
The test fluid is water at 100 psig or operating pressure.
Leakage allowed is limited to 5 x 10

-4

ml per minute per inch of orifice diameter per psi differential.

Service dP at 50 to 125 F.
Typical constructions:

Unbalanced, single port, lapped metal seats, high seat load

Balanced, single port, Teflon piston rings, soft seats, low seat load
Unbalanced, single port, soft metal seats, high seat load
Class Vl - Valve Leakage Classifications
Class Vl is known as a soft seat classification. Soft Seat Valves are those where the seat or shut-off disc or both
are made from some kind of resilient material such as Teflon. Intended for resilient seating valves.

The test fluid is air or nitrogen.

Pressure is the lesser of 50 psig or operating pressure.
The leakage limit depends on valve size and ranges from 0.15 to 6.75 ml per minute for valve sizes 1 through 8 inches.
Port Diameter
Bubbles per minute

ml per minute

25

0.15

1 1/2

38

0.30

51

0.45

2 1/2

64

0.60

76

0.90

102

11

1.70

152

27

4.00

203

45

6.75

10

254

63

12

305

81

11.5

inches

Millimeters

Typical constructions:

Unbalanced, single port, soft seats, low load

Control Valve Leakage Classification - Overview

Testing Procedures

Leakage Class

Maximum Leakage

Designation

Allowable

II

0.5% of rated capacity

Air or water at 50 - 125 F

Test Medium

Test Pressure

Required for Establishing

Rating

(10 - 52 C)

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No test required

45 - 60 psig or maximum

45 - 60 psig or maximum

operating differential

operating differential

whichever is lower

whichever is lower

Leakage Classification of Control Valves

III

0.1% of rated capacity

As above

As above

As above

IV

0.01% of rated capacity

As above

As above

As above

0.0005 ml per minute of

water per inch of port

Water at 50 to125 F (10

diameter per psi

to 52 C)

differential

Maximum service

Maximum service

pressure drop across

pressure drop across

valve plug not to exceed

valve plug not to exceed

ANSI body rating

ANSI body rating

50 psig or max rated

Not to exceed amounts

VI

shown in the table above

Air or nitrogen at 50 to
o

125 F (10 to 52 C)

differential pressure
across valve plug
whichever is lower

Actuator should be
adjusted to operating
conditions specified with
full normal closing thrust
applied to valve plug seat

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Related Topics
Control Valves
- Control Valve terminology, bodies, trim, flow characteristics, Cv and Kv sizing, noise, actuators and positioners

Related Documents
Water Control Valves - Calculating Kv Values
- Design of water process control valves and their Kv values
Control Valves and Flow Characteristics
- The relationship between control valve capacity and stem traveling
Valves - Types
- Classifications of valves

Tag Search
en: control valve process seat
es: asiento de vlvula de control de proceso
de: Steuerventil Prozess Sitz

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