Reestablishing

the dimensional
parameters of helical gear trains

Purpose of the work

Reestablishing the dimensional parameters of helical gear trains damaged during the gearing process.

Necessity of the work

If a gear train is damaged or worn and it must be replaced with a new one, the dimensional parameters
must be reestablished in order to maintain the initial geometrical and kinematical parameters.

Theoretical considerations

Compared to cylindrical spur gear trains, helical gear trains have the following advantages:
Lower noise and leaner functioning
Higher gear ratio and bearing capacity
Use of helical gear trains has the following inconveniences:
Axial thrust loads
Radial-axial bearings must be used
When using helical gears more teeth are in contact simultaneously and, as a result, the load is
transferred gradually and uniformly as successive teeth come into engagement. These gears operate
smoother and can carry larger loads at higher speeds. Also, the line of contact extends diagonally
across the face of mating teeth.
For helical gear trains several planes can be defined:

a) Normal plane = plane perpendicular to tooth direction and defined on the pitch cylinder (or
on the operating pitch cylinder)
a. The helical rack has its elements standardized in the section normal to the tooth,
section which is the same as the reference rack (STAS 821);
b. The module is standardized in the normal plane, mn.
b) Frontal plane = plane perpendicular to the gear axis
a. The tooth has an involute profile in this plane.
c) Axial plane = the plane containing the gear train axis
Lets consider a general use gear train with involute teeth flanks, generated by a standardized tool with
the reference profile in the normal plane according to STAS 821:

Reference rack profile: geometric parameters

pressure angle
addendum coefficient
tip and root clearance

Geometrical elements of the gear train

MEASURED VALUES
Not.
Designation
w
Center distance
z1
Number of teeth in pinion
z2
Number of teeth in gear
Width of face

$
Helix angle on the outside circle
Reference helix angle of the rack

Addendum diameter of pinion
a1
Addendum diameter of gear
a2
Dedendum diameter of pinion
f1
Dedendum diameter of gear
f2
(*)
Dimension over N teeth (pinion)
'(
(*)
', Dimension over N teeth (gear)
(*)
'( -. Dimension over N+1 teeth (pinion)
(*)
', -. Dimension over N+1 teeth (gear)

n
han*
cn*

20
1
0,25

Value

[]
[-]
[-]

Not.
Designation
N1
Number of teeth to
measure over
N2
mn

Module in normal plane

(Circular pitch)

CALCULATED VALUES
Formula

.,1 =

* =
mt

a
t
wt
xns
yn
yn

Module in frontal plane

(Circular pitch)
Helix angle

.,1
*

+ 0,5
7
cos $ 180
()

* =

S =

EFGH IJ
KL(,, HMN O
P(,, QRN OL
TJ
FGH O

TJ P(,,
KL(,,

Pressure angle (frontal

plane)

S = arctan

Operating pressure
angle (frontal plane)

ZS = arccos

* =

TJ (P( -P, )
1FGH O

QRN IJ

$FGH I[

xn2

xt1

xt2
d1
d2
db1
db2
dw1

dw2

Profile shift coefficient

(normal plane)

. + 1

Pitch circle diameter

* = *^ *
or
KL(,, DKf(,,
1TJ

*( = *, = 0
or

*(,, =
Profile shift coefficient
(frontal plane)

$\

* = 2 $*
+ *

xn1

FGH O

1QRN IJ
TJ

tan $

MN_ I\[ DMN_ I[

$\ D$

= arcsin

*^ =

()

1,2 +1 D1

Reference center
distance

Sum of profile shift

coefficients
Center distance
variation coefficient
Specific depth
correction

Value

Kf(,,
1T

P(,,
1FGH O

$*

P(,,
FGH O

Base diameter

h(,, = .,1 cos S

Operating pitch
diameter

Z(,, = .,1

FGH I[
FGH I\[

S(,, = * .,1 cos

.,1 = .,1 = *

Z(,, = S .,1

FGH I[
FGH I\[

Z(,, =
aw

Operating center
distance (calculated)

Z =

TJ
FGH O

.,1

K\( -K\,
1

FGH I[
FGH I\[

da1
da2

Outside diameter

$(,, =

df1
df2

Root diameter

i(,, =

Whole depth

= 2 $*
+ * *

Dimension over N teeth

(calculated)

'(,, = 1,2 0,5 + 1,2

(*)

.,1 + 2 $*
+ *(,,

* cos

cos

.,1 2 $*
+ *

1,2

'(

',

(*)

cos

(*)

inv cos + 2 1,2

sin
cos

Conclusions
The following topics must be covered: ascertaining of the defined gear train planes, helix direction, wear of teeth
flanks, main particularities of the gear train, differences between the measured and calculated values as well as
the possible reasons for their occurrence.

Desfurarea lucrrii
1. Se numr dinii roilor dinate z1 i z2 i se msoar urmtoarele elemente:
a. Distana dintre axe
b. Diametrele cercurilor de cap i de picior ale pinionului, respectiv ale roii
c. Cotele peste N i N+1 dini
d. Limea roilor
2. Se determin modulul prin una din metodele prezentate
3. Se calculeaz distana axial de referin
4. Se stabilesc coeficienii deplasrilor de profil x1 i x2 i a scurtrii specifice a nlimii dinilor
y:
a. Dac Z = , atunci

*^ = S. + S1 = *. + *1 = 0
i
* = 0
i. Dac

T

i(,, = J .,1 2 + cos

FGH O

atunci

*^ = S. = S1 = *. = *1 = 0, *^ = S^ , * = 0

ii. n caz contrar S. = S1 , *. = *1 , *^ = S^ = 0, yn = 0 i se
determin cu relaiile

*(,,

Kf(,,
1T

P(,,
1FGH O

+ $*
+

*^

Simbol

b. Dac Z , atunci

= *. + *1 0, S^ = S. + S1 0, S. S1 , *. *1 i 0

n acest caz, se vor calcula:
Denumire

Relaia de calcul

Unghiul de angrenare de
referin n plan frontal

tan *
Z = arctan

cos

wt

Unghiul de angrenare real

n plan frontal

inv S

Involuta unghiului de
angrenare de referin

inv ZS

Involuta unghiului de
angrenare real

xns

Suma coeficienilor
deplasrilor de profil

ZS = arccos

Valoare

cos S

Z

180
ZS
inv ZS = tan ZS

180
inv ZS inv S
*^ =
. + 1
2 tan *

inv S = tan S

Coeficientul de varianie a
distanei axiale

yn

yn

Scurtarea specific a
nlimii dinilor

* =

xn2

Coeficienii deplasrilor
de profil

TJ

* = *^ *
sau

* = 2 $*
+ *

xn1

$\ D$

*(,, =

i(,,
2

$(,, i(,,
2 *

.,1

+ $*
+ *
2 cos

Observaie: Valorile involutelor se determin cu cel puin 6 zecimale.

5. Cu valorile coeficienilor deplasrilor de profil i a scurtrii specifice a nlimii dinilor se
calculeaz elementele geometrice ale angrenajului.
6. Valorile obinute se trec n tabel.