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Topic: devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein (also Paper 3:
Infrastructure) .................................................................................................................................... 5
Q) What are municipal bonds? Recently government initiated a process to identify few
cities to issue such bonds. Examine why and how these bonds will be issued. (150
Words) ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on Indias interests ..... 6
Q) Analyse the impact of falling global oil prices on India. (200 Words) ............................ 6
Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the
performance of these schemes; ............................................................................................................. 8
Q) In India though unorganized workers make up the bulk of working population they
are kept out of many of government benefits. In this light, examine what measures have
been taken by the governments at state and centre to address the problems faced by this
section of population. (200 Words) ............................................................................................ 8
Topic: Parliament and State Legislatures functioning ................................................................ 10
Q) The procedure of the promulgation of ordinances is inherently undemocratic.
Whether an ordinance is justifiable or not, the issue of a large number of ordinances has,
psychologically, a bad effect. Critically comment with suitable examples. (200 Words)
...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Topic: Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs ........................... 11
Q) Do you think the activities of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in India
should be regulated by an independent regulatory body? Critically discuss the various
issues related to accountability of NGOs and governments role in ensuring the same.
(200 Words) ................................................................................................................................. 11
Topic: India and its neighborhood-: Also related to Paper 3: Indian Economy and issues relating
to planning, ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Q) The average Indian was slightly better off than the average Chinese in the initial
years after Indian independence. Critically analyse how and why China developed
faster than India to become worlds second largest economy in the world. (200 Words)
...................................................................................................................................................... 12
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Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining
to the federal structure ...................................................................................................................... 18
Q) During the framing of Indian constitution, what were the arguments in favour of
greater power to the provinces? Examine. (150 Words) ....................................................... 18
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability ..................................... 19
Q) India must have a system that introduces accountability and allows the public to
evaluate the claims of good governance on the basis of evidence and not mere rhetoric.
Examine the possibility, need and challenges in introducing an index similar to human
development index (HDI) to measure governance in India.(200 Words) .......................... 19
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health;
can be linked to Paper-3 topic Government Budgeting ................................................................. 20
Q) Just like separate railway budget, there is a dire need for a separate health budget.
Critically comment. (200 Words) ............................................................................................. 20
Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on Indias interests,
Indian diaspora. ................................................................................................................................ 21
Q) With suitable examples analyse how the presence of large Indian diaspora and
shared colonial past have been instrumental in forging good relationship between India
and few countries spread across the world. (200 Words) .................................................... 21
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating
to Education ...................................................................................................................................... 22
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General Studies 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various
sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Q) Women, Dalits and tribals, who are at the bottom of the pile, are said to be the most
affected because of the ordinance that requires passing class 8 and 10 as eligibility criteria
for standing for elections at panchayat level. Critically examine why. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Ans:
Recently the Government of Rajasthan has passed an ordinance which makes it
mandatory to pass class 8 and 10 exams to contest elections for the posts of Sarpanch
and Panchayat Samiti member respectively. The move is criticized on various fronts
to be exclusionary and undemocratic. However, it bears the most severe
consequences on Women, Dalits and Tribals, for the following reasons:
1. Historic disadvantage:
Due to the historic oppression that these sections face, their access to education has
been low and thus owing to the social construct of the country and not personal
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Business Standard
Ans:
Municipal Bonds, also known as Munis, are tax saving investments offered by the
municipal bodies to raise funds from the community for local area development. In
view of the plan towards Smart Cities, the Government of India has proposed to use
Munis in a few select cities in view of the following benefits it yields:
1. They help in saving tax for the individual, hence increased participation
2. Since the money invested is being used in the development of the local area, the
direct impact can be felt by the investors and hence greater accountability
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The Hindu
Ans:
The unorganized sector forms more than 80% of the employed workforce in the
country and contributes more than 50% of the National GDP. However, this sector
often does not get the benefits of statutory provisions and welfare measures like
pension, minimum wages, maternity benefits, safety standards at workplace etc. By
extending the state services to them, not will their individual rights as citizens of
India be upheld but also the overall productivity be enhances and their contribution
to the GDP would attain its potential.
In light of the above, the Government has taken the following measures to address
the problems of this sector, both at Central and State levels:
Central:
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The Hindu
Ans:
NGOs are playing a major role in the welfare and development of the society
throughout India. These are working independently without profit after getting
registered with government.
Current measures of regulation:
1. Renewal of registration under society registration act every 5 years.
2. Annual submission of income and expenditure.
3. Foreign contribution regulation act under ministry of home affairs for regulation
of foreign fund.
4. State NGO acts.
Concerns:
1. Only about 10% of the over 22 lakh NGOs filed their annual income.
2. IB report about interference of foreign agencies in India through NGOs.
3. Some states lack NGO acts.
4. Large number over 22 lakh.
5. Rise of fake NGOs.
6. Misappropriation of funds.
Considering the above factors a central and state regulatory body for NGOs is a
necessity.
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The Hindu
Ans:
1978 was the defining year for the Chinese as well as for the world, for it witnessed
spectacular development from the Chinese side lifting millions of them out of
poverty. Indian and Chinese economic levels has moved side by side from millenias,
however lax polity and problems of democratic setup has widened the gap between
India and china.
Reasons for china's boom
-determined political party to revive the Chinese glory
-connecting economic growth nationalism
-ushering reforms in piecemeal manner from 1978, under deng xiaoping
-selective picking of strategic locations for SEZs that boomed the export put of china
-agricultural reforms in a defined manner and land allocated to most
-liberalised FDI in various sectors step by step that flooded the capital money
-these international firms created huge employment, specially the labour intensive
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Business Standard
Ans:
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The Hindu
Ans:
For the last two years Bangladesh has evidenced unflinching conflict due to
inconsistency between the two major political parties.
A bird's eye view
---------------After 1947 ; the economic and political supremacy of the west pakistan led east
Pakistan to uprising and it initiated separation of east Pakistan as " Bangladesh"
from west Pakistan. Ironically; progenitors of Awami league and Bangladesh
National Party ( BNP) both activly participated in liberation of Bangladesh.
current situation
---------------The BNP is claiming fresh election accusing Awami League election manipulated. It
has led to violent conflict between the two parties.
Reasons of conflict
----------------1/ Awami league removed the part of caretaker government of constitution through
constitution amendment. The opposition party is claiming to reintroduce the part
under which fresh election can be conducted.
2/The Awami league government has taken stern action to punish war criminals. It
has responded to the claim of shahbag movement and civil society. The opposition
vehemently criticizes this secular policy.
The dilemma
----------Though both the political parties derives its root from civil war and supported
creation of Bangladesh but the ideological differences between them have blurred
the very purpose of their origin in 1971.
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General Studies 2
NCERT
Ans:
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Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and
challenges pertaining to the federal structure
Q) During the framing of Indian constitution, what were the arguments in favour of
greater power to the provinces? Examine. (150 Words)
NCERT
Ans:
India was a large country in terms of area as well as population thus it was almost
impossible to rule the country from Delhi. The members who advocated the
decentralization of power has the following arguments:
1. Each region will have separate problems, regional disparities, socio-economic
conditions and different methods to solve them.
2. As states were defined as not just police states, thus autonomous financial fist is a
must to fulfil the dream of welfare state.
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Business Standard
Ans:
Like human development, good governance is also a multi dimensional
phenomenon incorporating accountability, transparency, participation, devolution,
efficiency etc. so it is difficult to encapsulate all dimensions in a single index. but the
recent discussions on minimum government maximum governance, good
governance day, PPPP etc makes it necessary to have a deeper insight in to
possibility, need and challenges to measure governance in India.
Possibility to measure governance:* we already have transparency index, corruption index, ease of doing business
index etc covering different dimensions of governance. Thus we can also have a
governance index.
* If HDI can measure such a broad multi dimensional phenomenon than governance
can also be measured.
Need to measure governance:* Good governance concept came in 90s but till now it is very difficult to define and
measure the domain of GG.
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Business Standard
Ans:
The present government has repeatedly shown concern toward the health of nation
as a whole. Still, just like previous year, there was a cut in health budget now at
1.04% of total budget. This constant cut on health sector to meet the fiscal deficit may
work in short term but as prevention is better then cure in case of health issues, this
cut only puts the problem at bay resulting in adverse long term consequences.
There is already growing situation as the India is declared to have maximum
diarrohea, malairal deaths every year, the diseases that grows with poor living
conditions and lack of timely health facilities.
Hence serving as the evidence of need for a bigger budget allocation which is
constantly reduced and fund used in other areas like fertiliser industry where
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The Hindu
Ans:
The present ongoing foreign policy is to forge good relations with other countries as
part of government's "fast track" diplomacy. Indian diaspora is 2nd largest in world
and is financially and politically powerful. They are ambassadors of Indian culture &
have a great faith in ethnic people.
Sanctions imposed on India after 1998 nuclear tests, Indian diasporas role was
instrumental in reconciliation between west and India.
They constituted only 1% of USA population still represents 13% in top
educational institutions. They are extremely influential entities in the US and the UK
even politically, can reap major benefits to India. As helping to give thrust to civil
nuclear cooperation.
Indian PM visited Fiji and installed confidence in PIOs there to support them.
Guyana, sought Indias assistance in setting up a hospital and investments from
Indian companies in the pharmaceutical and construction sectors.
Ties with Mauritius are strong as a majority of the people there are descendents of
past colonial laboures.
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The Hindu
Ans:
India has vision be a super power, complementing it is india's demographic
dividend and motivating past of internationally recognized nalanda,takshshila in
higher education.But today it has been mired with several problems most visibly
1)quality
a)institutional setup- UGC at apex not able to manage properly,besides political
meddling in its structure has lead to sycophancy and cherry pickings.
b)Ad-hoc expansion- not only shortage it has lead to intrusion of poor quality
faculties even in premier institution,besides non accountability of part time recruits
c)Autonomy erosion
d)dilution of standards by faculties to be popular.
e)reverse filtration- brain drain of UG graduates of premier institutions, lack of
fellowship in higher education leading to exclusion of talented one's to industry and
intrusion of mediocre's.
f)poor incentive for talented youngsters to join teaching line,lack infrastructure.
g) petty politics and sycophancy of mediocre's of those in power in power isolates
and harasses individual intellectuals.
2)Education Equity and accessibilitya)highly regional developments of colleges- boom in southern india engineering
colleges ,drought in bihar,north east.
b)social structure- biases and prejudices towards downtrodden and women is still
rampant even in higher education.
c)govt bias towards specific courses and universities leading to neglect of arts and
humanities research.
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The Hindu
Ans:
The religious and security policy of different countries has contributed to the
germination of anti social forces from time to time that can be enumerated as
followsPakistan
-------The nexus between ISI and terrorist created by security policy of Pakistan to
maintain strategic importance in neighboring countries like india now turns fatal to
herself.
Iraq
---The prolonged neglect and persecution of civilian sunnis by the government
increased the conflict between shia and shunni as well as arising of ISIS. The helping
in re establishment of ISIS by the government and the release of ISIS prisoners by the
government in consultant with US now itself proves fatal to the government.
Iran
---The government support to lebanon revolutionary group Hezbollah; Palestinian
terrorist group hamas and its own creation Islamic revolutionary guard corps and
frequent nuclear activities now poses threat to herself through nuclear terrorism of
non state factors.
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General Studies 2
Business Standard
Ans:
Terrorism, at any part of the world, is more a threat to the race we are becoming as
humans than to any particular nation or community. Although it is often observed
that countries with least development produce the most amount of terrorist
activities, this notion is challenged with the example of U.S.A and India both facing
similar challenges in tackling terrorism as below:
1. Rising Islamic extremism in both countries, especially from Al-Qaeda and related
groups
2. Failing security and monitoring systems to check the online recruitment of the
youth into terrorist organisations like the ISIS
3. Lack of refined technology and experts to deal with the growing threat of Cyber
terrorism, especially from countries like China, Russia, Korea etc
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The Hindu
Ans:
India joined UN in 1945. Being the largest democracy and one of the largest constant
contributors of troops to UN peacekeeping missions, India is an apt and a strong
contender for UNSC's permanent membership. India is the only candidate that has
received support from all permanent members and most other nations as well.
By being a permanent member of UNSC, India will benefit in the following ways:
1. We will get power to veto: This will enable India tailor UN policies to its needs.
2. Being largest democracy, our inclusion into UNSC will make UNSC itself more
democratic and inclusive. This may help in making the world a more peaceful place
from which India too will benefit.
3. Many smaller nations go unrepresented on world platforms like UNSC. Smaller
nations like Guyana look up to powerful and friendly nations like India to protect
their interests. Hence by giving a representation to such smaller states, our relations
with such countries will definitely improve.
4. Our strength will get a official recognition.
5. It will enable India exert greater influence on world politics
Ans2:
UNSC an international organisation and one of the most important organ of UN and
decides issues of war and peace in global scenario and has 15 members ( 5
permanent and 10 non permanent members ) .Since 1955 india is struggling to join 5
member league for its extremely deserved qualifications like population of 1.2
billion, Third largest country in terms of PPP , largest democracy , Major contributor
to peace keeping mission . It is because of veto power of permanent countries still
india lacks its entry.
Benefits to india if it joins USSC permanent member :
1) India secures veto vote and will allow india to tailor UN policies to its need and
thus enable india to exert greater influence on world politics .
2) India can concentrate more on reducing poverty , child mortality and improve
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